Medications

Question 1

chemical name

Answer 1

identifies drug’s atomic and molecular structure

Question 2

what nomenclature is ibuprofen

Answer 2

generic

Question 3

generic name

Answer 3

assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug

Question 4

official name

Answer 4

name by which the drug is identified in official publications United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) (typically generic name)

Question 5

trade name

Answer 5

brand name copyrighted by the company that sells the drug

Question 6

what nomenclature is advil and motrin

Answer 6

trade name

Question 7

examples of oral meds

Answer 7

Capsule, pill, tablet, extended release, elixir, suspension, syrup

Question 8

examples of topical meds

Answer 8

Liniment, lotion, ointment, suppository, transdermal patch

Question 9

drug classifications

Answer 9

Classified by effect on body system; chemical composition; clinical indication or therapeutic action (2 primary classifications)

Question 10

pharmaceutical class

Answer 10

Refers to the mechanism of action (MOA), physiologic effect (PE), and chemical structure (CS) of the drug (attacks bacteria by…)

Question 11

therapeutic class

Answer 11

Refers to the clinical indication (why you’re using it) for the drug or therapeutic action (e.g., analgesic, antibiotic, or antihypertensive).

Question 12

pharmacokinetics

Answer 12

effect of body on drug

Question 13

absorption

Answer 13

drug moves from site of administration into bloodstream

Question 14

distribution

Answer 14

drug transported in body fluid (typically bloodstream) to site of action: tissue/organ

Question 15

metabolism

Answer 15

chemical conversion of drug in the body into water. Soluble compound of metabolites that can be excreted

Question 16

excretion

Answer 16

drug molecules removed from site of action and eliminated from body

Question 17

Factors Affecting Absorption of Medications

Answer 17

Route of administration
Lipid solubility
pH
Blood flow
Local conditions at the site of administration
Drug dosage

Question 18

pharmacodynamics

Answer 18

the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body.
(how the drug affects the body)
Drugs turn on, turn off, promote, or block responses that are part of the body’s processes.
Drug–receptor interaction occurs when the drug interacts with one or more cellular structures to alter cell function.
Drugs may also combine with other molecules in the body to achieve their effect.
Other drugs act on the cell membrane or alter the cellular environment to achieve their effect.

Question 19

drug-receptor interaction

Answer 19

occurs when the drug interacts with one or more cellular structures to alter cell function

Question 20

palliative effects

Answer 20

treats symptoms of disease but not disease itself

Question 21

supportive effects

Answer 21

supporting integrity of body function until another drug is effective

Question 22

substitute effects

Answer 22

replace body fluids or chemical chemotherapeutic effects-destroy disease-producing organisms

Question 23

restorative effects

Answer 23

restore to optimal health

Question 24

examples adverse drug effects

Answer 24

Allergic effects: anaphylactic reaction
Drug tolerance
Toxic effect
Idiosyncratic effect
Drug interactions: antagonistic and synergistic effects

Question 25

examples of allergic effects

Answer 25

hives, itching, inflammation of nose and sinuses, sudden restriction of bronchioles

Question 26

drug tolerance

Answer 26

building up tolerance; decreased repsonse requires more drug for the same effect

Question 27

toxic effect

Answer 27

too much drug causes damage to organs or tissues

Question 28

idiosyncratic effect

Answer 28

abnormal response (unpredictable) ex. Benadryl making some children hyper

Question 29

drug ineractions

Answer 29

antagonist and synergistic effects; effect decreased or increased ex. warfarin- vitamin k antagonist, asprin- bloodthinner

Question 30

factors affecting drug action

Answer 30

Developmental considerations
Weight
Gender
Genetic and cultural factors
Psychological factors
Pathology
Environment
Timing of administration

Question 31

drug dose and serum drug levels

Answer 31

therapeutic range, trough level, and half-life

Question 32

therapeutic range

Answer 32

concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity

Question 33

trough level

Answer 33

the point when the drug is at its lowest concentration, indicating the rate of elimination

Question 34

half-life

Answer 34

amount of time it takes for 50% of blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body

Question 35

1.5 grams is how many mg

Answer 35

1500 mg

Question 36

types of medication orders

Answer 36

standing order (routine order), prn, single or one-time order, stat order

Question 37

standing order (routine order)

Answer 37

carried out until cancelled by another order

Question 38

prn order

Answer 38

as needed, state why we are giving med

Question 39

stat order

Answer 39

carried out immediately ex. Narcan and nitroglycerin

Question 40

parts of the medication order

Answer 40

Patient’s name
Date and time order is written
Name of drug to be administered
Dosage of drug
Route by which drug is to be administered
Frequency of administration of the drug
Signature of person writing the order

Question 41

what does qd mean

Answer 41

1 time a day

Question 42

medication supply systems

Answer 42

Stock supply
Individual unit dose supply
Medication cart
Computerized automated dispensing system
Bar code–enabled medication cart (BCMA)
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Question 43

In which of the following medication supply systems are large quantities of medications kept on the nursing unit making them immediately available to the nurse?
A. Individual supply
B. Stock supply
C. Unit dose system
D. Bar-coded medication cart

Answer 43

b. stock supply (does eliminate double check system)

Question 44

controlled substances

Answer 44

can develop a dependency to

Question 45

controlled substances required info

Answer 45

Name of patient receiving narcotic
Amount of narcotic used
Hour narcotic was given
Name of physician prescribing narcotic
Name of the nurse administering narcotic

Question 46

3 checks of med administration

Answer 46

Read the label:
When the nurse reaches for the container or unit dose package
After retrieval from the drawer and compared with the eMAR/MAR, or compared with the eMAR/MAR immediately before pouring from a multidose container
Before giving the unit dose medication to the patient or when replacing the multi-dose container in the drawer or shelf

Question 47

what to do if you make a medication error

Answer 47

Check patient’s condition immediately; observe for adverse effects.
Notify nurse manager and primary care provider.
Write description of error and remedial steps taken on medical record (always objective)
Complete form used for reporting errors, as dictated by the facility policy.
Special event, event, unusual occurrence report

Question 48

types of med errors

Answer 48

Inappropriate prescribing of the drug
Extra, omitted, or wrong doses
Administration of drug to wrong patient
Administration of drug by wrong route or rate
Failure to give medication within prescribed time
Incorrect preparation of drug
Improper technique when administering drug
Giving drug that has deteriorated

Question 49

nurses’s rights of medication administration

Answer 49

Right medication
Right patient
Right dosage
Right route
Right time
Right reason

Question 50

patient’s rights to med administration

Answer 50

Right assessment data
Right documentation
Right response
Right to education
Right to refuse

Question 51

identifying the patient

Answer 51

Checking the identification bracelet
Validating the patient’s name (first identifier)
Validating the patient’s identification number, medical record number, and/or birth date (second identifier)
Comparing with the CMAR or MAR
Asking the patient to state his or her name if possible

Question 52

solid form of oral meds

Answer 52

tablets, capsules, pills

Question 53

liquid forms of oral meds

Answer 53

elixirs, spirits, suspensions, and syrups

Question 54

types of administrations of oral meds

Answer 54

oral route, enteral route, sublingual administration, and buccal administration

Question 55

oral route

Answer 55

having patient swallow drug (possibility of choking)

Question 56

enteral route

Answer 56

Administering drug through an enteral tube (ng tube) must be crushed or liquid, goes through gi tract

Question 57

sublingual administration

Answer 57

placing drug under tougue

Question 58

buccal administration

Answer 58

placing drug between tongue and cheek

Question 59

types of topical administration of meds

Answer 59

Skin applications
Eye instillations and irrigations
Ear instillations and irrigations
Nasal instillations
Vaginal applications
Rectal instillations

Question 60

medical record documentation

Answer 60

Name of the medication
Dosage
Route and time of administration
Name of person administering medication
Site used for an injection
Intentional or inadvertently omitted (hold) drugs
Refused drugs
Medication errors

Question 61

patient teaching

Answer 61

Review techniques of medication administration.
Remind the patient to take the medication as prescribed for as long as prescribed.
Instruct the patient not to alter dosages without consulting a physician.
Caution the patient not to share medications.