Medications Flashcards
What drug class is acetaminophen?
Non-opioid Analgesic
What drug class is metformin (aka glucophage)
Biguanides
What drug class is Captopril?
ACE Inhibitor
What drug class is Atenolol?
Beta Blocker
What drug class is psyllium?
Bulk forming agents
What drug class are ibuprofen and aspirin?
NSAIDs COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibitors
What is the therapeutic use of atenolol?
Treat: hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, to decrease mortality following myocardial infarction (MI)
What drug class is celecoxib?
COX-2 Inhibitor
What drug class is morphine?
Opioid Agonist
What are the expected pharmacologic actions of metformin?
decrease blood glucose –> decrease glucose absorption from intestines, decrease glucose synthesis in liver, increase sensitivity of insulin receptors –>decrease insulin resistance
What drug can cause decrease absorption of vitamins B12 and folic acid possibly along with: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, unpleasant metallic taste in mouth
Metformin
What drug may result in lactic acidosis; therefore clients with renal insufficiency shouldn’t take this drug?
Metformin
What are contraindications of metformin?
diabetic ketoacidosis, cardiopulmonary/hepatic/renal insufficiency, alcoholism, heart failure, severe infection, shock, acute myocardial infarction, hypoxemia, and lactic acidosis
What are precautions of metformin?
older adult; clients who are experiencing diarrhea/dehydration/anemia/gastroparesis, or have pituitary insufficiency/hypothyroidism/gastrointestinal obstruction/polycystic ovary syndrome
How is metformin administered?
Orally twice a day with a meal
Extended release form: orally once daily with evening meal (DO NOT CRUSH)
What drug is used to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Metformin
If client is experiencing lactic acidosis with metformin, what should you do?
Stop giving the drug immediately and draw blood to assess the presence of lactic acidosis
What are some nursing interventions for metformin?
monitor for lactic acidosis, monitor fluid intake and outtake, monitor for vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, monitor renal function yearly
What is important to include in client education of metformin?
Watch out for signs of lactic acidosis, take med daily at same time with food, maintain healthy diet and exercise, avoid drinking alcohol (increases risk of lactic acidosis)
What is the therapeutic use of acetaminophen?
pain reliever (mild to moderate) and reduce fever
What drug class is tramadol?
Centrally Acting Non-opioid
What are complications/adverse drug reactions of acetaminophen?
liver damage, hypertension (particularly in women)
How is acetaminophen administered?
orally, rectally, IV; max 4g a day for adults and kids over 12
What drug is alcohol use disorder the only contraindication listed in ATI for?
acetaminophen
What are precautions of acetaminophen?
clients who have anemia, immune suppression, hepatic or renal disease
What are some nursing interventions for acetaminophen?
monitor for early symptoms of overdose or poisoning: abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, sweating, diarrhea; always monitor blood pressure
What is acetylcysteine used for?
To treat acetaminophen overdose. The drug is also known as Mucomyst or Acetadote
What should be included in client education of acetaminophen?
Instruct clients not to take more than the daily dose, report any signs of overdose immediately, monitor blood pressure frequently
If a client with congenital heart defects (CHD) is experiencing rebound excitation causing angina pain or myocardial infarction with sudden withdrawal of beta blocker, what drug are they experiencing complications for? What other possible complications does this drug have?
Atenolol; bradycardia, heart failure
What does the combination of warfarin (Coumadin) and acetaminophen do?
increase risk of bleeding
What is the expected pharmacologic action of captopril?
produce antihypertensive effect by: blocking production of angiotensin II –> arteriolar vasodilation; urinary excretion of sodium and water; retention of potassium
What are the expected pharmacological actions of acetaminophen?
COX inhibitor
only affects CNS
Antipyretic
Analgesic
What drug class is naloxone?
Opioid antagonist
What education should be included to clients when taking atenolol?
Do not stop taking suddenly, check pulse rate daily (report low pulse rate to provider), instruct clients of signs and symptoms of heart failure and to report any to provider, and for clients with angina tell them to inform provider if it gets worse
What are the therapeutic uses of captopril?
hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction
What are some complications of captopril?
severe hypotension following first dose, dry nonproductive cough, rash and report of metallic taste in mouth, angioedema, hyperkalemia, neutropenia
How is captopril administered?
oral 2-3 times daily for hypertension
oral 3 times daily for heart failure
give 1 hour before meals for adequate absorption
What are signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis?
weakness, fatigue, lethargy, hyperventilation (body is trying to decrease acidosis by excreting excess carbon)
What are some nursing interventions for captopril?
start with a low dose and increase slowly to decrease risk of hypotension; monitor BP (especially after first dose); manage severe hypotension with IV fluid therapy; monitor for angioedema and stop immediately if it occurs; monitor potassium levels in clients who are at risk for hyperkalemia; monitor WBC count
Clients who are pregnant or lactating, clients who have a history of angioedema, allergy to ACE inhibitors, or hypotension are contraindications of
captopril
What are some precautions of captopril?
decreased renal function, bone marrow depression, using other drugs that cause immunosuppression, autoimmune disorder, older adults, history of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
What should be included in client education of captopril?
warn clients hypotension may occur, instruct them to lie supine if lightheaded after first dose, report immediately any complications/allergic reactions (call 911 if swelling in throat threatens ability to breathe), advise against taking potassium supplements/extra potassium
What drug has the expected pharmacological action of clocking the beta2 receptors in the heart to decrease heart rate and contractility; and block renal beta1 receptors to decrease the release of renin? What does this do?
Atenolol; antihypertensive effect
What drug class are butorphanol and pentazocine?
Opioid agonist-antagonist
What clients should you not use atenolol with?
clients who have sinus bradycardia, or greater than first degree heart block, moderate to severe heart failure, or cardiogenic shock, peripheral vascular disease, raynauds disease,
The following are precautions for what drug? heart failure controlled by digitalis and diuretics, clients with asthma, COPD/other chronic respiratory disorders, renal or liver disorder, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, major depression, or pheochromocytoma (type of adrenal gland tumor)
Atenolol
What are some nursing interventions for atenolol?
Monitor heart rate and report to provider if lower than 60 bpm, or lower than a client specific prearranged parameter; monitor for signs of heart failure (shortness of breath, peripheral edema of the extremities, night cough) and report any to provider
How is atenolol administered?
Orally for hypertension, IV then orally for acute MI, tablet may be crushed or swallowed, best taken before meals or at bedtime
