Medications Flashcards
Acetylsalic Acid (ASA)
Brand names: aspirin, zorprin, bayer
Uses: minor pain and fever
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, heartburn
Adverse reaction: anaphylaxis, GI bleed, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Dose: 325mg-650mg every 4-6 hr prn
Nursing implications: coagulation disorder, caution in 60+, caution renal or hepatic impairment
Cefazolin
Brand name: Ancef. Kefzal
Major Drug Category: cephalosporin antibiotic
Uses: infection-reap, uti, skin, joint, genital
Drug action: binds to peptidoglycan, inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Side effect: swelling, redness, pain, soreness at injection site
Adverse reaction: anaphylaxis, toxic epidermal necrolysis , nuetrapenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, seizures
Dose: 250mg-500mg IV q 8hr
Nursing implications: caution in elderly, caution of renal impairment, caution if malnutrition
Warfarin
Brand: Coumadin, jantoven
Drug Class: anticoagulant
Drug action: decreases clotting ability of blood
Uses: atrial fib, venous thromboembolism
Side effects: red or brown urine, black or bloody stool,
Adverse effects: bleeding, hematemesis, GI bleed,
Dosage range: 2-5mg PO QD
Nursing implications: caution/contraindicated for pregnant, recent neurological, ocular, traumatic surgery, regional or lumbar block an aesthetic caution in diabetes, smoking changes, HCC of renal issue, indwelling catheter.
Metoclopramide
Brand: Reglan
Drug class: dopamine antagonist
Drug action: antiemetic and gut stimulator
Uses: Treats GERD, gastroparesis in pt with diabetes
Side effects: anxiety, agitation, SOB, weight gain
Adverse reaction: sedation, diarrhea, extrapyramidal effects (TD)
Dose range: 10-15 mg, max 60 mg
Nursing implications: contraindicated in history of Tardive Dyskinesia (TD), Parkinson’s, GI bleed/obstruction
Acetaminophen (APAP)
Brand: Tylenol
Nonopiod analgesic
Drug Action: block pain impulses peripherally
Uses: mild to mod pain, arthritic pain
Side effects: agitation, headache, hyper/hypo tension,
Adverse effects: hypersensitivity rxn, anaphylaxis, hepotoxicity, renal tubular necrosis, nephropathy, thrombocytopenia
Nursing implications: ensure that not more than 4,000mg in a 24 hr period.
Oxycodone
Brand: Percocet
Drug class: opioid Analgesic
Opioid pain reliever that is combined with APAP and works in brain to change how body responds to pain.
Side effects: dizziness, drowsy, confusion, headache, nausea,
Adverse: bradycardia, respiratory depression,
Nursing implications: check for decreased output may indicate retention of urine, CNS changes, signs of allergic reaction
Morphine
Brand: MS Contin
Major Drug Class: Opiod Analgesic
Drug action: suppresses pain
Use: moderate to severe pain, sedation, chronic pain
Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness
Adverse: seizures, respiration depression, apnea, cardiac arrest, dependency, hypotension, arrhythmia
Dose: adults 10-30mg/4hr
Nursing implications: changes in vitals, need to routinely monitor pt
Acetaminophen Hydrocodone
Brand: Norco
Drug class: Opiod combination
Drug Action: Binds to opiod receptors, producing analgesia and sedation
Uses: moderate to severe pain
Side effects: Hives, difficulty breathing, swelling in face, lips, tongue (allergic reaction)
Adverse: sleep apnea, CNS depression, hypotension, hepatoxicity, seizures,
Dose: 2.5-10mg PO 4-6hr PRN (adults)
Nursing implications: avoid abrupt withdrawal, caution in elderly, caution in renal impairment, or hepatic or pulmonary pts , head injury, mental illness hx, seizure disorder, hypothyroidism
Latanoprost (ophthalmic)
Brand: Xalatan
Drug Class: prostaglandin analog
Action: increases uveoscleral outflow, reducing BP
Uses: elevated IOP, treats open-angle glaucoma
Side effects: burning, stinging, itching, redness,
Adverse: macular edema, herpes reactivation, superficial punctate keratitis
Dose: 50l: 0.005% 1 gtt in eye, q PM,
Nursing implications: hypersensitivity to drug class, active herpes, active intraoccular inflammation,
Timolol
Brand: Blocaderen and Timol
Drug class: beta blocker
Drug action: non-selectively antagonizes beta 1 and beta 2 Andrengic receptors
Use: tx of open angle glaucoma or ocular hypotension
Side effects: wheezing, chest pain, trouble breathing, slow heart rate, muscle weakness
Adverse: bradycardia, CHF, heart block, angina exacerbation of abrupt D/C
Implications: heart issues, asthma hx, avoid abrupt withdrawal, thyroid disorder, renal/hepatic impairment, pregnancy and caution in elderly
Timolol
Brand: Timol, Blocaderen
Drug Category: Beta Blocker
Drug Action: non selectively antagonizes beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors
Use: Tx of open angle glaucoma (ocular hypertension)
Side effects: wheezing, chest pain, trouble breathing, slowed heart rate, muscle weakness
Adverse: CHF, heart block
Nursing implications: heart issues, asthma issues, avoid abrupt withdrawal, caution in elderly and pregnant or major surgery
Pilocarpine (eye drop)
Brand: Carpine, Pilocar
Drug class: miotics
Drug action: allows excess fluid in the eye to drain
Uses: Tx of glaucoma (open angle)
Side: severe stinging, burning, swelling, redness,
Adverse: pulmonary edema. Adherence to medication regimen is crucial, 5 mins between types of drops
Mannitol osmotic diuretic
Brand: Osmitrol
Drug class: diuretic
Action: inhibits reabsorption of water and sodium
Use: promote diuresis in prevention of kidney failure
Side effect: dry mouth, excessive thirst, nausea, vomiting
Adverse: Seizures, CNS depression, coma, CHF, pulmonary edema, renal failure
Tamoxifen
Brand: nolvadex, soltamox
Drug class: Estrogen Receptor Modulator
Use: Tx of breast cancer
Side effects: menopause like sx, wt gain, nausea,
Adverse: thromboembolism, stroke
Nursing implications: pregnancy test at baseline, CBC w/ diff, LFTs, lipid panel if hylerlipedemia
