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NCLEX Preparation > Medication Therapies > Flashcards

Medication Therapies Flashcards

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1
Q

Peak Level

A

Reflect highest concentration of medication

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2
Q

Peak Level: Oral Intake

A

1 - 2 hr

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3
Q

Peak Level: IM

A

1 hr

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4
Q

Peak Level: IV

A

30 min

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5
Q

Trough Level

A

Reflect lowest concentration or residual level; confirmed 15 min prior to next dose

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6
Q

Culture and Sensitivity

A

Detect presence of pathogens; identify appropriate antibiotic; begin abx therapy after obtaining lab sample

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7
Q

Safe IV Administration

A

Review med guidelines, precautions, compatibility, rate of admin, necessity of infusion pump, and serious adverse reactions

Never administer meds through blood tubing

Standard precautions, IV site dressing changes

Fluids should be infused within 24 hours to prevent infection

Maintain patency of IV access

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8
Q

Types of IV Access

A

Peripheral Vein

Central Venous Catheters 
PICC
Non-tunneled percutaneous CVC
Tunneled CVC (Hickman, Groshong)
Implanted Port
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9
Q

Infiltration Prevention

A

Use smallest catheter for prescribed therapy
stabilize port access
assess blood return

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10
Q

Infiltration Treatment

A 
Stop infusion
remove peripheral catheters
apply cold compress
Elevate extremity 
Insert new catheter in opposite extremity
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11
Q

Extravasation Prevention

A

Know vesicant potential (drug causing blistering/tissue injury/necrosis) before giving medication

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12
Q

Extravasation Treatment

A 
Stop infusion
Discontinue administration set 
Aspirate drug, if possible
Apply cold compress
Document/photograph
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13
Q

Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis Prevention

A

Rotate sites every 72 to 96 hr
Secure catheter
Use aseptic technique
*PICC: avoid excessive activity with extremity

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14
Q

Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis Treatment

A

Stop infusion
Remove peripheral IV catheters
Apply heat compress
Insert new catheter in opposite extremity

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15
Q

Hematoma Prevention

A

Avoid veins not easily seen or palpated

Obtain hemostasis after insertion

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16
Q

Hematoma Treatment

A

Remove IV device
Apply light pressure if bleeding
Monitor for signs of phlebitis and treat

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17
Q

Catheter Embolus Prevention

A

Do not reinsert stylet into catheter

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18
Q

Catheter Embolus Treatment

A

Immediately apply tourniquet high on extremity to limit venous flow
Prepare for removal under X-ray

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19
Q

IV Infusion Complications

A 
Infiltration
Extravasation 
Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis
Hematoma
Catheter embolus
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20
Q

Central Venous Catheter Complications

A

Pneumothorax (during insertion)
Air Embolism
Lumen Occlusion
Bloodstream Infection

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21
Q

PICC Line Complications

A 
Catheter Occlusions
Catheter Dislodgment
Phlebitis
Catheter Embolism
Infection
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22
Q

Pneumothorax Prevention (during CVC insertion)

A

Use ultrasound to locate veins

Avoid subclavian when possible

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23
Q

Pneumothorax Treatment (during CVC insertion)

A

Administer O2

Assist provider with chest tube insertion

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24
Q

Air Embolism Prevention

A

Have client lay flat when changing admin set or needleless connectors

Ask client to perform valsalva maneuver if possible

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25
Q

Air Embolism Treatment

A

Place client in left lateral Trendeleburg

Administer O2

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26
Q

Lumen Occlusion Prevention

A

Flush promptly with NS between, before, and after each medication

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27
Q

Lumen Occlusion Treatment

A

Use 10 mL syringe with a pulsing motion

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28
Q

Bloodstream Infection Prevention

A

Maintain sterile technique

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29
Q

Bloodstream Infection Treatment

A

Change entire infusion system
Notify provider
Obtain cultures
Administer antibiotics

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30
Q

Catheter Occlusion Treatment

A

Prevent kinks
Reposition arm
Confirm blood return
Flush catheter between medications Administer prescribed antithrombolytic

31
Q

Catheter Dislodgment Treatment

A

Assess blood return, discomfort in jaw, chest, or ear

Contact provider

32
Q

Phlebitis Treatment

A

Apply low degree heat

Discontinue if not resolved

33
Q

Catheter Embolism Treatment

A

Secure catheter
Avoid pulling
Follow safe practice for catheter removal

34
Q

Infection Treatment (PICC)

A

Use aseptic technique
Keep dressing clean and dry
Intervene with s/s of infection

35
Q

TPN Care and Maintenance

A

Verify prescription and solution with 2nd nurse before admin

Administer via infusion pump

Monitor weight daily

Monitor and record I/O, noting fluid balance

Monitor serum glucose levels Q4-6hr

Monitor for s/s of infection

Change dressing Q48-72hr

Change IV tubing and fluid Q24hr

If TPN temp. unavailable, admin dextrose 10% in water to prevent hypoglycemia

36
Q

Acetaminophen Reversal Agent

A

Acetylcysteine

37
Q

Benzodiazepine Reversal Agent

A

Flumazenil

38
Q

Curare Reversal Agent

A

Edrophonium

39
Q

Cyanide Poisoning Reversal Agent

A

Methylene Blue

40
Q

Digitalis Reversal Agent

A

Digoxin Immune FAB

41
Q

Ethylene Poisoning Reversal Agent

A

Fomepizole

42
Q

Heparin/Enoxaparin Reversal agent

A

Protamine sulfate

43
Q

Iron Reversal Agent

A

Deferoxamine

44
Q

Lead Reversal Agent

A

Succimer

45
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Reversal Agent

A

Calcium Gluconate 10%

46
Q

Narcotic Reversal Agent

A

Naloxone

47
Q

Warfarin Reversal Agent

A

Phytonadione (Vitamin K)

48
Q

Therapeutic Level: Aminophylline

A

10 - 20 mcg/mL

49
Q

Therapeutic Level: Carbamazepine

A

5 - 12 mcg/mL

50
Q

Therapeutic Level: Digoxin

A

0.8 - 2.0 no/mL

51
Q

Therapeutic Level: Gentamicin

A

5 - 10 mcg/mL

52
Q

Therapeutic Level: Lidocaine

A

1.5 - 5.0 mcg/mL

53
Q

Therapeutic Level: Lithium

A

0.4 - 1.4 mEq/L

54
Q

Therapeutic Level: Magnesium Sulfate

A

4 - 8 mg/dL

55
Q

Therapeutic Level: Phenobarbitol

A

10 - 40 mcg/mL

56
Q

Therapeutic Level: Phenytoin

A

10 - 20 mcg/mL

57
Q

Therapeutic Level: Salicylate

A

100 - 250 mcg/mL

58
Q

Therapeutic Level: Theophylline

A

10 - 20 mcg/mL

59
Q

Therapeutic Level: Tobramycin

A

5 - 10 mcg/mL

60
Q

Trough Level: Gentamycin

A

1 - 2 mcg/mL

61
Q

Trough Level: Tobramycin

A

1 - 2 mcg/mL

62
Q

Trough Level: Vancomycin

A

15 - 20 mcg/mL

63
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Acetaminophen

A

Greater than 250 mcg/mL

64
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Aminophylline

A

Greater than 20 mcg/mL

65
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Amitriptyline

A

Greater than 500 ng/mL

66
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Digoxin

A

Greater than 2.4 ng/mL

67
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Lidocaine

A

Greater than 5 mcg/mL

68
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Lithium

A

Greater than 2.0 mEq/mL

69
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Magnesium Sulfate

A

Greater than 9 mg/dL

70
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Methotrexate

A

Greater than 10 mcmol over 24 hours

71
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Phenobarbitol

A

Greater than 40 mcg/mL

72
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Phenytoin

A

Greater than 30 mcg/mL

73
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Salicylate

A

Greater than 300 mcg/mL

74
Q

Toxic Drug Level: Theophylline

A

Greater than 20 mcg/mL

NCLEX Preparation (4 decks)

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