Medication Safety Flashcards
Standards of care for pharmacists
Collection of patient specific information
Assessment of drug-related needs
Identification of drug therapy problems
Development of goals of therapy
Statement of intervention
Establish a schedule for follow-up evaluation
Follow-up evaluation
Monitor and assessment steps
Identify reason for patient admission
Review social and medical histories
Assess diagnosis tests and results
Compile current medications and diet
Use drug and diseases monitoring parameters
Prepare patient problem list
Match diagnosis with medication
Evaluate drug therapy and document findings
Any undesirable effect that interfere with achieving the desired goals of therapy
Requires professional judgement
Drug therapy problems
Purpose of DTP
Help patients achieve their goals of therapy
Realize the best possible outcomes
Components of drug therapy problems
Undesirable event or risk (form of medical complaint, impairment, abnormal laboratory values or syndrome)
Drug therapy associated with the problem
Relationship between undesirable event and drug therapy
Consequence: direct/cause and effect
Add or modify for resolution of prevention
Categories of drug therapy problems
Do not have a clinical indication
Unnecessary drug therapy
Categories of drug therapy problems
Treat or prevent a medical condition
Needs additional drug therapy
Categories of drug therapy problems
Not effective in producing desired response
Ineffective drug
Categories of drug therapy problems
To low to produce the desired response
Dosage too low
Categories of drug therapy problems
Causes a reaction
Adverse drug reaction
Categories of drug therapy problems
Results to undesirable effects
Dosage too high
Categories of drug therapy problems
Patient not able or not willing to take the drug
Adherence
Enumerate Categories of drug therapy problems
Unnecessary drug therapy
Needs additional drug therapy
Ineffective drug
Dosage too low
Adverse drug reaction
Dosage too high
Adherence
Enumerate the drug therapy problems
Medications with no medical indication
Medical condition with no medication
Medication prescribed inappropriately
Therapeutic duplication
Allergic prescribed medication
Actual and potential adverse drug events
Interference by social or recreational drug use
Failure to receive full benefit
Financial impact
Lack of understanding
Failure of patient to adhere
Concomitant administration of Zalvos and Iprovac for typhoid fever
Dosage too high
Both Ciprofloxacin
Administering Proglycem to an unconscious, hypoglycemic patient
Unnecessary
Taken orally
Taking in Sleepwell to avert caffeine-induced insomnia
Ineffective
Prescribing Prazole Plus to a patient suffering from GERD-induced emesis
Needs additional therapy
Prescribing Althea to a patient who’s in her third trimester of pregnancy
Unnecessary - Category x
Clinical decision to manage type 2 DM with insulin alone
Needs additional- can be treated with lifestyle modification
The use of Benadryl to minimize the symptoms of lactose intolerant
Unnecessary- the symptoms are not targeted
Management of geriatric osteoarthritis with Caltrate plus
Needs additional therapy- Caltrate is only a supplement
The use of Aeknil to treat appendicitis
Unnecessary
Treatment and prevention of peptic ulcer-induced district pain with Maalox
Needs additional therapy - only lowers acid
Normal vital signs
Blood pressure:
Heart rate:
Blood Glucose level:
Fasting blood glucose level:
O2 saturation:
120/80 mmHg
60-100 beats per minute
72-108 mg/dL
70-110 mg/dL
95-100%
The patients overall needs and desired outcomes should be considered to IMPROVE or PREVENT deterioration
Summarizing Patients Health care needs
Pharmacotherapeutic goals should reflect the integration
Goals should be realistic and consistent
Specifying pharmacotherapeutic goals
The regimen should meet the pharmacotherapeutic goals and reflect the integration of medication
Comply to policies
It should be designed for optimal medication use
Designing a pharmacotherapeutic regimen
Urticaria or Anaphylaxis due to IGE against drug bound to MAST CELLS
Give example
Type 1 immediate type hypersensitivity
Ampicillin skin allergy or Anaphylaxis
