Medication Revision

Question 1

MOA of Activated Charcoal

Answer 1

Binds to and absorbs ingested toxins, therefore, inhibiting their GI absorption. Used for acute ingested poisonings within the last hour.

Question 2

MOA of adenosine

Answer 2

Used for SVT. Decreases electrical conduction through the av node without causing negative inotropic effects.

Question 3

MOA of amiodarone

Answer 3

Used for vfib, unstable vtach and unstable atrial rhythms. Prolongs duration of the action potential and prolongs refractory period. Also has beta adrenergic receptor and calcium channel blocking activity.

Question 4

MOA of aspirin

Answer 4

Used in ACS, MI, chest pain and angina. Inhibits prostaglandins involved in the production of pain and fever. Dilates peripheral vessels and inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking formation of thromboxane.

Question 5

MOA of atropine

Answer 5

Used in cardiac arrest in management of asystole or PEA with rate of 60 or below. Can reverse vagal overdrive. May increase HR by blocking vagal activity in sinus bradycardia.

Question 6

MOA of benzylpenicillin

Answer 6

Used in meningococcal septicaemia. Is an antibiotic active against a range of bacteria.

Question 7

MOA of chlorphenamine

Answer 7

Used in severe anaphylactic reactions. An antihistamine that blocks the effect of histamine released during an allergic reaction.

Question 8

MOA of dextrose

Answer 8

Used in hypoglycaemia. Increases available blood sugar to be used as energy by the body.

Question 9

MOA of diazepam

Answer 9

Used in seizures. Increases activity of GABA neurotransmitter, therefore, produces sedative effect and raises seizure threshold.

Question 10

MOA of epinephrine

Answer 10

Used in anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, asthma. Is an endogenous catecholamine that stimulate adrenergic receptors. Will increase contractile force, increased rate and cardiac output. Vasoconstricts and bronchodilates.

Question 11

MOA of racemic epinephrine

Answer 11

Used in croup, asthma and bronchospasms. Inhaled version of Epi that is used as a bronchodilator and as an anti inflammatory.

Question 12

MOA of furosemide

Answer 12

Used in pulmonary Edema, hyperkalemia and hypertensive emergencies. Potent diuretic that inhibits re absorption of sodium and chloride in proximal tubule and loop of henle.

Question 13

MOA of glucagon.

Answer 13

Used in hypoglycaemia, beta blocker overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose. Stimulates liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose, causing an increase in blood glucose.

Question 14

MOA of GTN

Answer 14

Used in cardiac chest pain and angina. Vasodilator drug which dilates coronary arteries and systemic veins, resulting in lower preload, reducing blood pressure.

Question 15

MOA of hydrocortisone

Answer 15

Used in anaphylaxis, addison crisis and asthma. Glucocorticoid drug that reduces inflammation and suppresses immune response.

Question 16

MOA of ipratropium

Answer 16

Used in persistent bronchospams, asthma and COPD. Blocks interaction of acetylcholine receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation and reduced mucus production.

Question 17

MOA of morphine.

Answer 17

Used in acute pain, pulmonary edema and chest pain. Natural opioid analgesic. Causes venous dilation and decreased venous return to heart reducing myocardial oxygen demand. Causes CNS depression.

Question 18

MOA of naloxone

Answer 18

Used in opioid overdose with respiratory depression. Is a competitive opiate antagonist.

Question 19

MOA of ondansetron

Answer 19

Used in nausea and vomiting. Blocks serotonin receptors found in chemoreceptor trigger zone and vagal nerve terminals.

Question 20

MOA of salbutamol

Answer 20

Used in acute asthma, COPD, and anaphylactic wheeze. Beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulant drug. Relaxant effect on smooth muscle in airways. Moisturises airway to relive attack.

Question 21

MOA of TXA.

Answer 21

Used in trauma, haemorrhage and excessive menstrual bleed. Binds with lysine sites on plasminogen, preventing it converting to plasmin and inhibiting breakdown of fibrin.

Question 22

What does the suffix pine/amil indicate?

Answer 22

Calcium channel blocker. Restricts how much calcium can enter blood, vasodilation effect which lowers BP.

Question 23

What does the suffix pril indicate?

Answer 23

ACE inhibitor. Reduces effect of ACE, which is responsible for hormones that control BP.

Question 24

What does the suffix statin indicate?

Answer 24

Antihyperlipidemics. Reduces cholesterol levels and lowers risk of heart attack and stroke.

Question 25

What does suffix olol indicate?

Answer 25

Beta blockers. Decreases activity of heart by blocking action of hormones like adrenaline.