Medication Names

Question 1

Naloxone

Answer 1

Opioid antidote
Rapidly reverses respiratory depression due to pure opioid intoxication

Question 2

Naltrexone

Answer 2

Prevents euphoric effects of opioids & alcohol, so patients can quit
Must be opioid free for 7-10 days otherwise can precipitate opioid withdrawal
Hepatotoxic & causes liver dysfunction

Question 3

Methylnaltrexone, Naloxegol, Naldemedine

Answer 3

Opioid antagonists for clients that have constipation with long term opioid use
Are not reversal agents & do not precipitate withdrawal

Question 4

Adenosine

Answer 4

Anti-arrhythmic used to treat SVT & Wolff parkinson white syndrome
Can cause brief asystole

Question 5

Tamsulosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Prazosin

Answer 5

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptors
Treats hypertension & benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 6

Valsartan, Irbesartan, Losartan, Telmisartan

Answer 6

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Causes vasodilation, excretion of sodium & water
Treats hypertension, heart failure, MI, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease

Question 7

Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Ramipril

Answer 7

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE)
Causes vasodilation & inhibits breakdown of bradykinin
Treats hypertension, heart failure, MI, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy
Can cause dry cough, hyperkalemia

Question 8

Warfarin

Answer 8

Anticoagulant
Takes 5-7 days for full effect
Teratogenic

Question 9

Rivaroxaban, Apixaban

Answer 9

Anticoagulant - Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
Rapid effect
Renal & hepatic impairment

Question 10

Dabigatran, Argatroban, Desirudin, Bivalirudin

Answer 10

Anticoagulant - Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Does not require lab monitoring

Question 11

Heparin

Answer 11

Activates antithrombin –> does not influence clot that already exists
Antidote = protamine sulfate

Question 12

Enoxaparin, Dalteparin

Answer 12

Low molecular weight heparin
not aPPT monitoring required

Question 13

Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor

Answer 13

Antiplatelet
Treats angina, MI, stent placement, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease
Antidote = abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban

Question 14

Metoprolol, Atenolol

Answer 14

Cardio-selective B1 Receptor Blocker (Beta Blocker)
Acts on heart to reduce heart rate, decrease myocardial oxygen demand & decrease cardiac workload

Question 15

Propranolol, Timolol

Answer 15

Nonselective B1 & B2 receptor blockers (Beta Blockers)
Reduce bronchoconstriction in lungs & reduce HR

Question 16

Carvedilol, Labetalol

Answer 16

Block alpha, B1 & B2 receptors (Beta Blockers)
Vasodilation in peripheral vasculature, decrease HR & BP

Question 17

Colesevelam, Cholestyramine, Colestipol

Answer 17

Bile acid sequestrants
Prevents reabsorption & increase excretion if bile acids
Reduce LDL; hypercholesterolemia

Question 18

Calcium

Answer 18

Antidote for magnesium toxicity

Question 19

Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Nicardipine, Felodipine

Answer 19

Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines
Promote vascular smooth muscle relaxation to decrease BP & systemic vascular resistance
Treat hypertension, chronic stable angina, Raynaud phenomenon

Question 20

Verapamil & Diltiazem

Answer 20

Calcium Channel Blockers - Non-Dihydropyridines
Decrease HR & increase peripheral vasodilation
Treats angina, a-fib, a-flutter, SVT

Question 21

Digoxin & Digitoxin

Answer 21

Cardiac Glycosides
Decreases HR & helps heart pump more forcefully at slower rate
Treats heart failure & A-fib
Interacts with diuretics, aminoglycosides & amiodarone (hypokalemia & nephrotoxic)

Question 22

Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin

Answer 22

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Reduces LDL
Can cause hepatotoxicity

Question 23

Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil

Answer 23

Fibrates
Triglyceride lowering

Question 24

Nitroglycerin

Answer 24

Vasodilation, reduces preload & cardiac oxygen demand
Treats angina

Question 25

Alteplase, Tenecteplase, Reteplase

Answer 25

Thrombolytics
Dissolves clot, restores blood flow & perfusion
Treats MI, ischemic stroke, massive PE, clotted catheters

Question 26

Phytonadione

Answer 26

Vitamin K supplement

Question 27

Methimazole & Propylthiouracil

Answer 27

Anti-thyroid (Thioamides)
Block production of T3 & T4
Takes 3-12 weeks to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Causes hepatotoxicity & agranulocytosis

Question 28

Lispro, Aspart & Glulisine Insulin

Answer 28

Rapid acting
Onset 15 min, peak 1-2 hours, lasting 3-4 hours

Question 29

NPH insulin

Answer 29

Intermediate acting
onset 1-2 hours, speak 4- 10 hours, duration 14-20 hours
Given 2x daily for basal coverage

Question 30

Glargine, Degludec, Detemir insulin

Answer 30

Long acting
onset 3-4 hours, no peak, duration 24 hours

Question 31

Metformin

Answer 31

Biguanides - Oral antidiabetic
Decreases production production in liver & sensitizes insulin receptors in tissues
Do not stimulate pancreas to release more insulin

Question 32

Alogliptin, Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin

Answer 32

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitors - Oral antidiabetics
Increase glucose dependent insulin release

Question 33

Nateglinide, Repaglinide

Answer 33

Meglitinides - Oral antidiabetics
Stimulate release of insulin

Question 34

Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin

Answer 34

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors - Oral Antidiabetics
Promotes glucose excretion

Question 35

Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride

Answer 35

Sulfonylureas - Oral Antidiabetics
Stimulate increased release of insulin

Question 36

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

Answer 36

Thiazolidinedione - Oral Antidiabetics
Increase insulin receptor sensitivity

Question 37

Levothyroxine

Answer 37

Treatment of hypothyroidism