Medication MOA

Question 1

Adrenaline - Anaphylaxis MOA

Answer 1

Alpha-1 effects cause potent vasoconstriction, counteracting the circulatory collapse effects of the inflammatory mediators. Also reduces degranulation, pausing positive feedback loop. May also decrease angioedema and urticaria.

Question 2

Adrenaline - Asthma MOA

Answer 2

Selective beta-2 agonist, causing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation and improving airflow.

Question 3

Adrenaline - Cardiac Arrest MOA

Answer 3

Alpha-1 - vasoconstriction, increasing venous return and increases cardiac output and coronary perfusion pressures
Beta-1 - increase irritability of ventricles to generate a rhythm. also increases myocardial contractility.

Question 4

Aspirin MOA

Answer 4

Inhibits COX, leading to reduced synthesis of platelet aggregation factor and prostaglandins, preventing further clot formation.

Question 5

Ceftriaxone MOA

Answer 5

Inhibits cell wall synthesis in susceptible gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Question 6

Dexamethasone MAO

Answer 6

Corticosteroid secreted naturally that suppresses the immune system, and inhibits inflammation.

Question 7

Diazepam MOA

Answer 7

Benzodiazepine - reduced neural activity by increasing the effect of GABA, causing sedation, suppressed electrical activity and skeletal muscle relaxation.

Question 8

Droperidol MOA

Answer 8

Exact MOA unknown. Dopamine antagonist that causes CNS depression at subcortical levels of the brain.

Question 9

Fentanyl MOA

Answer 9

Synthetic analgesic. Binds to mu opioid receptors in CNS, causing CNS depression. This leads to respiratory depression, analgesia and cardiovascular effects.

Question 10

Glucagon MAO

Answer 10

Naturally secreted hormone. Causes breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver to glycose in the blood stream.

Question 11

Glucose 10% MOA

Answer 11

Glucose is the primary energy for the cells.

Question 12

Glucose Gel MOA

Answer 12

Glucose is the primary energy for the cells.

Question 13

GTN MOA (4 effects)

Answer 13

Converts to Nitric Oxide, which causes potent vasodilation.
Peripheral vasodilation causing venous pooling, reduced preload.
Arterial dilation reduces afterload,

Effects
Reduced myocardial 02 demand.
Reduced blood pressure, while maintaining coronary perfusion pressure.
Coronary artery dilation, improving myocardial blood flow, particularly to the ischemic areas.
Mild tachycardia due to fall in BP

Question 14

Ipratropium Bromide MOA

Answer 14

Anticholinergic - Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors inhibiting the vagal bronchomotor tone, causing decreased smooth muscle contractility causing bronchodilation and decreased respiratory secretions.

Question 15

Methoxyflurane MOA

Answer 15

Inhalation CNS depressant. Exact MOA unknown. (? enhanced GABA and inhibit 5-HT)
Analgesia in low doses, general anaesthetic and muscle relaxant at high doses.

Question 16

Metoclopramide MOA

Maxolon

Answer 16

Dopamine-2 receptor antagonist. Inhibits gastric smooth muscle relaxion, promoting emptying of stomach and increased peristalsis.

Question 17

Midazolam MOA

Answer 17

Benzodiazepine receptor agonist (increasing GABA effect in the CNS) Increased chloride ions enter the cell, resulting in hyperpolarisation. This reduces firing of electrical activity in the brain.

Question 18

Morphine MOA - Analgesia

Answer 18

Works on the opioid (mu) receptors of the CNS, interrupting nerve signals, reducing nociceptive transmission

Question 19

Naloxone MOA

Answer 19

Competitively binds to opioid receptors, blocking opioids and reversing effects, in particular respiratory depression.

Question 20

Ondansatron MOA

Answer 20

Selective and specific blocker of 5-HT receptors (in the vagus nerve terminals and CTZ), inhibiting the vomiting reflex.

Question 21

Paracetamol MOA

Answer 21

Inhibits COX enzymes, reducing prostiglandin signalling, producing analgesia and antiinflammatory effects.

Question 22

Prochlorperazine MOA

Answer 22

Blockade of dopamine receptors in CTZ, reducing sensitivity of vomiting reflex.

Question 23

Salbutamol MOA

Answer 23

Selective beta-2 agonist causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, causing bronchodilation and increased airflow.
Selective nature limits alpha and beta-1 effects on heart and cardiovascular systems.