Medication Competency Flashcards
Acetaminophen (PO)
Tylenol
Indication: Mild pain, Fever
Contraindications: Severe hepatic impairment, Active liver disease
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting
Adverse Reactions: Hepatic impairment, Renal failure, Toxic epidermal necrosis
Nursing Considerations: When calculating daily dose, consider other medications containing acetaminophen, Lower doses for patients with hepatic impairment
Patient Teachings: Take exactly as directed, Notify HCP if fever > 3 days, Discontinue and notify HCP if rash occurs
Acetylsalicylic acid (PO) (Aspirin)
Indication: mild pain, fever, inflammatory disorders, prophylaxis for heart attacks
Contraindications: previous sensitivity to aspirin, cross-sensitivity to other NSAIDS, bleeding disorders
Side Effects: nausea, vomiting
Adverse Reactions: GI bleeding, anaphylaxis, tinnitus
Nursing Considerations: Scheduled doses for inflammatory conditions, Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions, Monitor serum levels >400mcg/mL
Patient Teachings: Consult HCP if tinnitus occurs, or if fever exceeds 3 days, Take with food or water, sit upright for 15-30 min to reduce GI effects
Alprazolam (PO)
Indication: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorders, anxiety associated with depression
Contraindications: Previous hypersensitivity, sensitivity to other benzodiazepines, pre-existing CNS depression
Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness
Adverse Reactions: Blurred vision, tinnitus, chest pain
Nursing Considerations: Monitor patients for S/S of respiratory depression, Give smallest possible therapeutic dose to prevent ataxia
Patient Teachings: Take exactly as prescribed, avoid grapefruit juice and alcohol, drowsiness may occur so avoid driving
Amlodipine (PO)
Indication: Hypertension, angina pectoris, spastic angina
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Systolic BP <90mmHG
Side Effects: Dizziness, fatigue, flushing
Adverse Reactions: Hypotension, bradycardia
Nursing Considerations: Monitor BP before and during therapy, intake/ output ratios daily, monitor for S/S of heart failure
Patient Teachings: take exactly as prescribed, teach patient to monitor pulse, drowsiness may occur so avoid driving, notify HCP if HR <50bpm
Atorvastatin Calcium (PO)
Indication: Management of high cholesterol, Prevention of CAD
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Active liver disease
Side Effects: Constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, heartburn
Adverse Reactions: Chest pain, insomnia, memory loss
Nursing Considerations: Obtain baseline lipid profile before treatment, obtain diet history (fat consumption)
Patient Teachings: Take medication exactly as prescribed, medication should be implemented along with diet/ exercise changes
Dextromethorphan (PO)
Indication: Coughs caused by upper respiratory infections, Chronic non-productive coughs
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, chronic productive coughs, patients taking MAO inhibitors or SSRI’s
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting
Adverse Reactions: Stomach pain, sedation
Nursing Considerations: Monitor cough type and frequency, monitor for symptom improvement
Patient Teachings: Take drug exactly as prescribed and don’t exceed recommended amount, contact HCP if cough last longer than 1 week
Diphenhydramine (PO)
Indication: Relief of allergic symptoms, Mild sedation, Prevention of motion sickness
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Acute asthma attacks, Known alcohol tolerance
Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness
Adverse Reactions: Tinnitus, blurred vision
Nursing Considerations: There are multiple uses for this drug, so it’s important to know the reason it was ordered when assessing symptoms.
- Anaphylaxis: assess for hives and airway
- Insomnia: assess sleep patterns
- Motion sickness: assess for nausea, vomiting
Patient Teachings: Take exactly as prescribed. May cause drowsiness so avoid driving. May cause dry mouth - keep up with oral rinses. Teach sleep hygiene, dark quiet room and limit daytime naps.
Docusate sodium (PO)
Indication: Constipation, Prevent opioid induced constipation
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Abdominal pain
Side Effects: Diarrhea, abdominal cramps
Adverse Reactions: Electrolyte imbalance, urinary discoloration, rash
Nursing Considerations: Determine adequate fluid intake, exercise and diet before administration
Patient Teachings: Laxative should be used for short-term therapy. Teach patient other forms of bowel regulation including increase fluid intake.
Famotidine (PO)
Indication: Management of GERD, Acid indigestion, Active duodenal ulcers/ benign gastric ulcers
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Patients with phenylketonuria
Side Effects: Diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness
Adverse Reactions: Arrhythmias, Agranulocytosis, Aplastic anemia
Nursing Considerations: Assess for abdominal pain, Look for blood in emesis/stool/gastric aspirate
Patient Teachings: Take course exactly as directed even if you are feeling better, May cause drowsiness so avoid driving, Avoid alcohol
Ferrous Sulfate (PO)
Indication: Iron deficiency anemia
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Hemochromatosis (iron overload w/ organ damage), hemosiderosis (iron overload w/o organ damage)
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, dark stools
Adverse Reactions: GI bleeding, syncope
Nursing Considerations: Monitor Hb levels, hematocrit/ reticulocyte count during therapy
Patient Teachings: Explain purpose of iron therapy. Stools may appear dark green/black. Educate importance of implementation of high-iron foods.
Furosemide (PO)
Indication: Hypertension, HF, edema, renal disease
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Cross-sensitivity w/ thiazides and sulfonamides
Side Effects: Diarrhea, dehydration
Adverse Reactions: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
Nursing Considerations: Monitor BP/ fluid intake output ratios/ weight with longterm use, Stop if oliguria occurs (small amount of urine)
Patient Teachings: Take exactly as directed, Change position slowly to reduce orthostatic hypotension, Call HCP if gain >3lbs in one day
Gabapentin (PO)
Indication: Partial seizures, Post-herpetic neuralgia
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, depression
Adverse Reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions, Suicidal thoughts
Nursing Considerations: Monitor patients for changes in behavior (depression, suicidal behavior). When stopping medication, must be stopped gradually over course of >1 week to avoid seizures.
Patient Teachings: Take exactly as prescribed, May cause drowsiness (avoid driving), Call HCP if thoughts of suicide, depression or anxiety occur
Guaifenesin
Indication: Coughs caused by upper respiratory infections
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Intolerance to alcohol
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting
Adverse Reactions: Urticaria, Stomach pain
Nursing Considerations: Monitor cough type and frequency
Patient Teachings: Educate to cough effectively (mobilize mucus out of respiratory tract), May cause drowsiness (avoid driving)
Hydrochlorothiazide (PO)
Indication: Mild to moderate hypertension, HF, renal dysfunction
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Anuria
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness
Adverse Reactions: Hypotension, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Nursing Considerations: Monitor BP, fluid input & output, daily weight. Assess for skin rash throughout therapy
Patient Teachings: Take exactly as prescribed, Monitor weight biweekly and report significant changes to HCP, Change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension
Ibuprofen (PO)
Indication: Pain, Inflammation, Fever
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Concurrent use of other NSAIDs, Active GI bleed or ulcers,
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting
Adverse Reactions: HF, MI, Stroke, GI bleeding
Nursing Considerations: Assess pain before and 1-2 hours post-administration, Assess for S/S of GI bleeding
Patient Teachings: Take exactly as directed, Avoid drinking alcohol, Take with food, Contact HCP if symptoms persist beyond 10 days or become worse
Levothyroxine (PO)
Indication: Thyroid supplement for hypothyroidism, euthyroid goiters
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Hyperthyroidism
Side Effects: Sweating, Headache
Adverse Reactions: Tachycardia, arrhythmias, chest pain
Nursing Considerations: Assess apical pulse and BP periodically throughout therapy, Monitor thyroid function prior to and during therapy (TSH levels)
Assess for tachycardia/ chest pain
Patient Teachings: Explain that this is a lifelong therapy, Take medication at the same time each day
Lisinopril (PO)
Indication: Hypertension, HF
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, previous angioedema with other ACE inhibitors
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting
Adverse Reactions: Hypotension, impaired renal function
Nursing Considerations: Monitor BP and pulse periodically throughout therapy, Assess for signs of angioedema throughout therapy
Patient Teachings: Take medication at same time each day, call HCP if rash/sore throat/fever occurs, change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension, Do not take if pregnant
Loratidine (PO)
Indication: Seasonal allergies, Hives
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Drowsiness, Dry mouth
Adverse Reactions: Blurred vision, GI upset
Nursing Considerations: Assess for S/S of allergy, Assess lung sounds and bronchial secretions
Patient Teachings: Take drug exactly as directed, May cause drowsiness (avoid driving), avoid alcohol