Medication Classifications Flashcards
Antianxiety
Librium, Valium, Xanax, Klonopin, Ativan, Serax, Buspar(Buspirone; no grapefruit), Vistaril, Atarax
Antacids
Amphojel, Titralac, MOM, Maalox
Antidysrhymics: Class IA
Procainamide (Pronestyl), Disopyramine (Norpace)
Monitor BP, widening of PR, QRS, or QT intervals
Antidysrhymics: Class IB
Lidocaine (xylocaine), Mexiletine hydrochloride (Mexitil), Tocainide hydrochloride (Tonocard)
Monitor for CNS SE (slurred speech, confusion, drowsiness, seizures), BP, HR, & cardiac rhythm
Antidysrhymics: Class IC
Flecainide (Tambocor), Propafenone hydrochloride (Rythmol)
Monitor for increasing dysrhythmias, HR, BP, & CNS effects (anxiety, insomnia, confusion, seizures)
Antidysrhymics: Class II
Propanolol (Inderal), Acebutolol (Sectral), Esmolol hydrochloride (Brevibloc), Sotalol hydrochloride (Betaspace)
Monitor apical HR (1 min before administration), cardiac rhythm, BP
Assess for SOB, wheezing, fatigue, sleep disturbances
Antidysrhymics: Class III
Amiodarone hydrochloride (Cordarone), Ibutilide fumarate (Corvert), Dofetilide (Tikosyn) Monitor cardiac rhythm & QT interval during IV administration, HR, BP Instruct client to wear sunglassess & sunscreen
Antidysrhymics: Class IV
Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem hydrochloride (Cardizem)
Monitor apical HR & BP
Instruct clients about orthostatic hypotension to report signs of heart failure
Antibiotics: Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin (Garamycin), Neomycin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin (Tobrax), Amikacin (Amikin)
Check 8th CN hearing (ototoxicity)
Check renal function (nephrotoxicity) BUN, creatinine
Encourage fluids, small frequent meals
Antibiotics: Cephalosporins
cephalexin (Keflex), cefaclor (Ceclor), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), cefepime (Maxipime)
Take w/food, have Vit K avaliable-hypoprothrombinemia, avoid alcohol, cross allergy w/ PCNs
Monitor renal & hepatic function & thrombophlebitis
Antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), Levofloxacin (Levequin), Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
C&S before starting therapy, take 1 hr ac or 2 hr pc meals w/ water, encourage fluids, take full course of therapy
If needed take antacids 2 hrs pc meals
Antibiotics: Glycopeptides
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Monitor renal function & hearing
Antihistamine for “red man syndrome” (decreased BP, flushing of face & neck)
Contact MD if signs of superinfection: sore throat, fever, fatigue
Avoid extravasation may cause necrosis
Antibiotics: Macrolide
Erythromycin (Erythrocin), Azethromycin (Zithromax)
Monitor liver function
Take oral med 1 hr ac or 2-3 hrs pc after meals w/ full glass of water
Take around the clock & take full course of therapy
Antibiotics: Penicillins
Amoxicillin (Amoxil), Ampicillin (Omnipen), Methicillin, Nafcillin (Unipen), Penicillin G, Penicillin V
C&S before starting therapy
Monitor serum electrolytes, cardiac status if given IV
Monitor & rotate injection sites
Good mouth care
Yogurt & buttermilk if diarrhea develops
Antibiotics: Sulfonamides
Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin), Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
C&S before starting therapy
Take after meals or with food, encourage fluid intake
Protect from exposure to light
Good mouth care
Antibiotics: Tetracyclines
Doxycycline (Vibramycin), Minocycline (Minocin), Tetracycline HCl (Panmycin)
Take 1 hr ac or pc meals
Do not take w/ antacids, milk, iron preparations, note expiration date, protect from sunlight, monitor renal function, topical applications may stain clothing, use additional contraceptives
Staining of teeth may occur if taken while pregnate
Genitourinary
Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin), Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Used for UTIs, urine will be bright orange
Genitourinary: Anticholinergics
Oxybutynin (Ditropan), Hyoscyamine (Anaspaz), Propantheline (Pro-Banthine), Darifenacin (Enablex), Solifenacin (VESIcare), Tolterodine (Detrol)
Reduce bladder spasms & treat urinary incontinence
Increase fluids & fiber
Genitourinary: Anti-impotence
Sildenafil (Viagra), Vardenafil (Levitra), Tadalafil (Cialis)
Treatment of ED, take 1 hr ac sexual activity, never use w/ nitrates or alpha blockers (Cardura; r/o hypotension), do not drink grapefruit juice
Genitourinary: Testosterone inhibitors
Finasteride (Proscar, Propecia)
Treatment of BPH (Proscar); male hair loss (Propecia)
Pregnant women should avoid contact w/ crushed drug or pts semen- may have adverse affects on male fetus
Antidepressants: MAO Inhibitors
Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil), isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Mood stabilizers
Not 1st line drugs for depression, do not take w/ SSRIs, administer antihypertensive meds w/ caution, avoid use of other CNS depressants, D/C 10 days ac general anesthesia, lower seizure threshold, monitor for urinary retention
Hypertensive crisis when taken w/ foods containing tyramine
Antidepressants: SSRIs
Fluoxetine (Prozac), Citalopram (Celexa), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluvoxamine (Luvox), Paroxetine (Paxil), Sertraline (Zoloft)
Acts as stimulant counteracting depression & increasing motivation
Suicide precautions, take in AM, takes 4 weeks for full effect, monitor wt., good mouth care, do not administer w/ MAOIs-serotonin syndrome
Monitor for thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, & anemia
Antidepressants: Tricyclics
Amitriptyline (Elavil), Imipramine (Tofranil)
Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea & depression
Therapeutic effect 1-3 weeks; max response 6-9 weeks
Take at night to promote sleep, orthostatic hypotension, SE will decrease over time, avoid alcohol, sleep inducing drugs, OTC drugs, exposure to sunlight, wear sunscreen
Antidepressants: Heterocyclics
Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban), Trazodone (Desyrel)
Treatment of depression & smoking cessation
