Medication Classifications

Question 1

Antianxiety

Answer 1

Librium, Valium, Xanax, Klonopin, Ativan, Serax, Buspar(Buspirone; no grapefruit), Vistaril, Atarax

Question 2

Antacids

Answer 2

Amphojel, Titralac, MOM, Maalox

Question 3

Antidysrhymics: Class IA

Answer 3

Procainamide (Pronestyl), Disopyramine (Norpace)

Monitor BP, widening of PR, QRS, or QT intervals

Question 4

Antidysrhymics: Class IB

Answer 4

Lidocaine (xylocaine), Mexiletine hydrochloride (Mexitil), Tocainide hydrochloride (Tonocard)
Monitor for CNS SE (slurred speech, confusion, drowsiness, seizures), BP, HR, & cardiac rhythm

Question 5

Antidysrhymics: Class IC

Answer 5

Flecainide (Tambocor), Propafenone hydrochloride (Rythmol)

Monitor for increasing dysrhythmias, HR, BP, & CNS effects (anxiety, insomnia, confusion, seizures)

Question 6

Antidysrhymics: Class II

Answer 6

Propanolol (Inderal), Acebutolol (Sectral), Esmolol hydrochloride (Brevibloc), Sotalol hydrochloride (Betaspace)
Monitor apical HR (1 min before administration), cardiac rhythm, BP
Assess for SOB, wheezing, fatigue, sleep disturbances

Question 7

Antidysrhymics: Class III

Answer 7

Amiodarone hydrochloride (Cordarone), Ibutilide fumarate (Corvert), Dofetilide (Tikosyn) 
Monitor cardiac rhythm & QT interval during IV administration, HR, BP
Instruct client to wear sunglassess & sunscreen

Question 8

Antidysrhymics: Class IV

Answer 8

Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem hydrochloride (Cardizem)
Monitor apical HR & BP
Instruct clients about orthostatic hypotension to report signs of heart failure

Question 9

Antibiotics: Aminoglycosides

Answer 9

Gentamicin (Garamycin), Neomycin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin (Tobrax), Amikacin (Amikin)
Check 8th CN hearing (ototoxicity)
Check renal function (nephrotoxicity) BUN, creatinine
Encourage fluids, small frequent meals

Question 10

Antibiotics: Cephalosporins

Answer 10

cephalexin (Keflex), cefaclor (Ceclor), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), cefepime (Maxipime)
Take w/food, have Vit K avaliable-hypoprothrombinemia, avoid alcohol, cross allergy w/ PCNs
Monitor renal & hepatic function & thrombophlebitis

Question 11

Antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones

Answer 11

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), Levofloxacin (Levequin), Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
C&S before starting therapy, take 1 hr ac or 2 hr pc meals w/ water, encourage fluids, take full course of therapy
If needed take antacids 2 hrs pc meals

Question 12

Antibiotics: Glycopeptides

Answer 12

Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Monitor renal function & hearing
Antihistamine for “red man syndrome” (decreased BP, flushing of face & neck)
Contact MD if signs of superinfection: sore throat, fever, fatigue
Avoid extravasation may cause necrosis

Question 13

Antibiotics: Macrolide

Answer 13

Erythromycin (Erythrocin), Azethromycin (Zithromax)
Monitor liver function
Take oral med 1 hr ac or 2-3 hrs pc after meals w/ full glass of water
Take around the clock & take full course of therapy

Question 14

Antibiotics: Penicillins

Answer 14

Amoxicillin (Amoxil), Ampicillin (Omnipen), Methicillin, Nafcillin (Unipen), Penicillin G, Penicillin V
C&S before starting therapy
Monitor serum electrolytes, cardiac status if given IV
Monitor & rotate injection sites
Good mouth care
Yogurt & buttermilk if diarrhea develops

Question 15

Antibiotics: Sulfonamides

Answer 15

Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin), Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
C&S before starting therapy
Take after meals or with food, encourage fluid intake
Protect from exposure to light
Good mouth care

Question 16

Antibiotics: Tetracyclines

Answer 16

Doxycycline (Vibramycin), Minocycline (Minocin), Tetracycline HCl (Panmycin)
Take 1 hr ac or pc meals
Do not take w/ antacids, milk, iron preparations, note expiration date, protect from sunlight, monitor renal function, topical applications may stain clothing, use additional contraceptives
Staining of teeth may occur if taken while pregnate

Question 17

Genitourinary

Answer 17

Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin), Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

Used for UTIs, urine will be bright orange

Question 18

Genitourinary: Anticholinergics

Answer 18

Oxybutynin (Ditropan), Hyoscyamine (Anaspaz), Propantheline (Pro-Banthine), Darifenacin (Enablex), Solifenacin (VESIcare), Tolterodine (Detrol)
Reduce bladder spasms & treat urinary incontinence
Increase fluids & fiber

Question 19

Genitourinary: Anti-impotence

Answer 19

Sildenafil (Viagra), Vardenafil (Levitra), Tadalafil (Cialis)
Treatment of ED, take 1 hr ac sexual activity, never use w/ nitrates or alpha blockers (Cardura; r/o hypotension), do not drink grapefruit juice

Question 20

Genitourinary: Testosterone inhibitors

Answer 20

Finasteride (Proscar, Propecia)
Treatment of BPH (Proscar); male hair loss (Propecia)
Pregnant women should avoid contact w/ crushed drug or pts semen- may have adverse affects on male fetus

Question 21

Antidepressants: MAO Inhibitors

Answer 21

Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil), isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Mood stabilizers
Not 1st line drugs for depression, do not take w/ SSRIs, administer antihypertensive meds w/ caution, avoid use of other CNS depressants, D/C 10 days ac general anesthesia, lower seizure threshold, monitor for urinary retention
Hypertensive crisis when taken w/ foods containing tyramine

Question 22

Antidepressants: SSRIs

Answer 22

Fluoxetine (Prozac), Citalopram (Celexa), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluvoxamine (Luvox), Paroxetine (Paxil), Sertraline (Zoloft)
Acts as stimulant counteracting depression & increasing motivation
Suicide precautions, take in AM, takes 4 weeks for full effect, monitor wt., good mouth care, do not administer w/ MAOIs-serotonin syndrome
Monitor for thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, & anemia

Question 23

Antidepressants: Tricyclics

Answer 23

Amitriptyline (Elavil), Imipramine (Tofranil)
Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea & depression
Therapeutic effect 1-3 weeks; max response 6-9 weeks
Take at night to promote sleep, orthostatic hypotension, SE will decrease over time, avoid alcohol, sleep inducing drugs, OTC drugs, exposure to sunlight, wear sunscreen

Question 24

Antidepressants: Heterocyclics

Answer 24

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban), Trazodone (Desyrel)

Treatment of depression & smoking cessation