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Clinical Medical Assisting > Medication Administration > Flashcards

Medication Administration Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Caplet

A

Solid Dosage; Oral; Shaped like a capsule and coated for easy swallowing

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2
Q

Capsule

A

Solid Dosage; Oral; Can be powder, liquid, or oli encased by gelatin shell

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3
Q

Elixir

A

Clear fluid containing water and/or alcohol; Oral; Usually sweetened

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4
Q

Enteric-coated Tablet

A

Tablet; Oral; Coated with materials that do not dissolve in stomach but instead the intestines

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5
Q

Extract

A

Concentrated medication form made by removing active portion of medication from its other components

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6
Q

Glycerite

A

Solution of medication combined with glycerin for external use; contains at least 50% glycerin

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7
Q

Intraocular Disk

A

Small flexible oval consisting of two soft outer layers and middle layer with medication; when moistened by ocular fluid it releases medications for up to one week

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8
Q

Liniment

A

Preparation usually containing alcohol, oil, or soapy emollient that is applied to the skin

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9
Q

Lotion

A

Medication suspended in liquid applied externally

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10
Q

Ointment (Salve)

A

Semisolid preparation, usually containing one or more medications

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11
Q

Paste

A

Semisolid preparation, thicker and stiffer than ointment; absorbed through skin more slowly than ointment

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12
Q

Pill

A

Solid dosage form containing one or more medications, shaped in globules, ovoids, or oblong shapes; (true pills are rarely used because they have been replaced by tablets)

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13
Q

Solution

A

Liquid preparation that may be used orally, parenterally, or externally; contains water with one or more dissolved compounds

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14
Q

Suppository

A

Solid dosage form mixed with gelatin, inserted into body cavity (rectum or vagina); melts when reaches body temperature, releasing medication

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15
Q

Suspension

A

Finely divided drug particles dispersed in liquid medium; when left standing particles settle to the bottom of the container; Oral not intravenous

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16
Q

Syrup

A

Medication dissolved in concentrated sugar solution

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17
Q

Tablet

A

Powdered dosage form compressed into hard shape; contains binders, disintegrators, lubricants, and fillers

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18
Q

Binders

A

adhesive to allow powder to stick together

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19
Q

Disintegrators

A

Promote tablet dissolution

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20
Q

Lubricants

A

ease manufacturing

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21
Q

Tincture

A

Alcohol or water-alcohol based medication solution

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22
Q

Transdermal disk or patch

A

Medication contained within semipermeable membrane disk or patch which allows medications to be absorbed through the skin slowly

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23
Q

Troche

A

Lozenge; flat road dosage form containing medication, flavoring, sugar, and mucilage; dissolves in mouth

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24
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, are metabolized, and exit the body

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25
Q

Absorption

A

passage of medication molecules into the blood from its site of administration

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26
Q

Factors of Absorption

A

route of administration, ability to dissolve, blood flow to site of administration, body surface area, and lipid solubility of medication

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27
Q

Distribution

A

how medication reaches the body tissues and organs after absorption

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28
Q

Factors of Distribution

A

Circulation, Membrane Permeability, Protein Binding

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29
Q

Metabolism

A

when medication transforms into something easier to excreted

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30
Q

Biotransformation

A

Occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, degrade, and remove biologically active chemicals

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31
Q

Excretion

A

when metabolized medications exit the body via kidneys, liver, bowels, lungs, and exocrine glands

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32
Q

Therapeutic Effect

A

expected or intended physiological response

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33
Q

Side Effects

A

Unintended secondary effects a medication will predictably cause

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34
Q

Adverse Effects

A

Severe responses to medication that will lead to prescriber to discontinuing treatment

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35
Q

Idiosyncratic Reactions

A

Unpredictable effects where pt overreacts or underreacts to a medication

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36
Q

Toxic Effects

A

Develope after prolonged intake or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion; can be lethal depending on medication’s action

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37
Q

Allergic Reactions

A

Unpredictable response to a medication; reactions range from mild to severe

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38
Q

Anaphylactic Reactions

A

Sudden constriction of bronchial muscles, edema of pharynx and larynx and severe wheezing and shortness of breath

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39
Q

Medication Interactions

A

When one medications modifies the action of another medication

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40
Q

Synergistic effect

A

effect of two medications combined is greater than the effect of the medications when given separately

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41
Q

Peak Concentration

A

Just before the last of the medication is absorbed

42
Q

Serum half-life

A

time it takes for excretion processes to lower the serum medication concentration by half

43
Q

AC, ac

A

before meals

44
Q

ad lib

A

as desired

45
Q

BID, bid

A

Twice a day

46
Q

h

A

hour

47
Q

HS, hs

A

Hours of sleep

48
Q

PC, pc

A

after meals

49
Q

prn

A

whenever there is a need

50
Q

qam

A

every morning, every am

51
Q

qd, od

A

every day

52
Q

qh

A

every hour

53
Q

q2h

A

every two hours

54
Q

q4h

A

every 4 hours

55
Q

q6h

A

every 6 hours

56
Q

q8h

A

every 8 hours

57
Q

QID, qid

A

four times a day

58
Q

QOD, qod

A

Every other day

59
Q

STAT

A

Immediately

60
Q

TID, tid

A

three times a day

61
Q

Onset

A

time it takes after a medication is administered for it to produce a response

62
Q

Peak

A

Time it takes for a medicaiton to reach its highest effective concentration

63
Q

Trough

A

Minimum blood serum concentration of medication reached just before the next scheduled dose

64
Q

Duration

A

Time during which the medication is present in concentration great enough to produce a response

65
Q

Plateau

A

Blood serum concentration of a medication reached and maintained after repeated fixed doses

66
Q

Sublingual

A

Oral route where medication is absorbed after being placed under the tongue

67
Q

Buccal

A

Oral route where medication is placed in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek

68
Q

Parenteral Routes

A

Injection of medication directly into the body tissue

69
Q

Subcutaneous (SQ)

A

Injection into tissues just below the dermis

70
Q

Intramuscular (IM)

A

Injection into a muscle

71
Q

Intravenous (IV)

A

Injection into a vein

72
Q

Intradermal (ID)

A

Injection into the dermis just under the epidermis

73
Q

Epidural

A

Medications administered into the epidural space via a catheter

74
Q

Intrathecal

A

Administered through a catheter that has been placed into the subarachnoid space or into one of the ventricles of the brain

75
Q

Intraosseous

A

Infusion of medications directly into the bone marrow

76
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

Administered into the peritoneal cavity where medications are absorbed into the circulation

77
Q

Intrapleural

A

Medications are administered through the chest wall and directly into the pleural space

78
Q

Intraarterial

A

Medications administered directly into the arteries

79
Q

Inhalation Route

A

Medications administered through nasal passages, oral passages, or tubes that have been placed into the client’s mouth to the trachea

80
Q

Intraocular Route

A

Medications delivered by inserting into the pt’s eye

81
Q

Household Conversion: 1 ml

A

15 drops

82
Q

Household Conversion: 4-5 ml

A

1 teaspoon

83
Q

Household Conversion: 16 ml

A

1 tablespoon

84
Q

Household Conversion: 30 ml

A

2 tablespoons

85
Q

Household Conversion: 240 ml

A

1 Cup

86
Q

Household Conversion: 480-500 ml

A

1 Pint

87
Q

Household Conversion: 1 L

A

1 Quart

88
Q

Household Conversion: 4 L

A

1 Gallon

89
Q

Dose Calculations

A

(Dose ordered/Dose on hand) * Amount on hand = Amount to administer

90
Q

Standing Orders/Routine Medications Orders

A

Carried out until the prescribe cancels or until a prescribed number of days elapse

91
Q

prn Orders

A

Presciber may order a medication when a client requires it

92
Q

Single Orders

A

Medication to be given only once at a specified time

93
Q

STAT Order

A

Single dose to be given immediately and only once

94
Q

Prescriptions

A

Medications for outside the hospital

95
Q

Intramuscular Angle

A

90°

96
Q

Subcutaneous

A

45°

97
Q

Intradermal

A

15°

98
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Intramuscular site; lacks major nerves and blood vessels; rapid drug absorptions

99
Q

Ventrogluteal

A

Intramuscular site; Deep site, away from major nerves and blood vessels; less chance of contamination in incontinent clients or infants; Easily identified by prominent bony landmark

100
Q

Deltoid

A

Intramuscular site; easily accessible but muscle not well developed in most clients; used for small amounts of medications; not used in infants or children with underdeveloped muscles

Clinical Medical Assisting (2 decks)

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