Medication administration Flashcards
chemical name
Chemical name -identifies drug’s atomic and molecular structure
Generic name
Generic name -identifies the drug’s active ingredient and is assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug
official name
Official name -name by which the drug is identified in official publications USP and NF
trade name
brand name copyrighted by the company that sells the drug
oral drug preparations
Capsule, pill, tablet, extended release, elixir, suspension, syrup
Topical drug preparations
Liniment, lotion, ointment, suppository, transdermal patch
Standing order
carried out until cancelled by another order
PRN
As needed
Stat order
carried out immediately
Parts of the med order
Patient’s name Date and time order is written Name of drug to be administered Dosage of drug Route by which drug is to be administered Frequency of administration of the drug Signature of person writing the order
Drugs are classified by
Body system
Chemical Composition
Clinical indication or therapeutic action
Pharmacokinetics
the effect of the body on the drug , or the movement of the drug molecules in the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Route of administration Lipid solubility pH Local conditions at site of administration Drug dosage Serum drug levels
Adverse effect of medications
Iatrogenic disease
Allergic effects
Toxic effects
Idiosyncratic effects
Drug interactions
Signs and symptoms of drug allergies
Rash Uticaria Fever Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Anaphylactic reaction
Variables influencing effect of meds
Developmental considerations Weight Sex Genetic and cultural factors Psychological factors Pathology Environment, timing of administration
Systems of measurement
Metric
Apothecary
Household
Metric
basic units are the meter (linear), liter (volume), gram (weight), and is a decimal system.
Apothecary
less convenient and concise; basic unit or weight is grain- infrequently used.
Household
least accurate system; teaspoons, tablespoons, teacup, and glass used
Medication supply systems
Stock supply
Individual supply
Medication cart
Computerized medication system
Bar coded medication cart
Three checks of medication administration
When the nurse reaches for the container or unit dose package
After retrieval from the drawer and compared to the to the MAR before pouring or opening medication
When replacing the container to the drawer or shelf
9 rights of med admin
right Patient Medication Dose Time Route Action Response Form Documentation
Maintaining a safe environment
Make sure to have adequate lighting during medication administration
Medications should be prepared in a quiet location- free of distractions.
Never leave drugs unattended- all medications that have been prepared must be kept in a locked area.
Controlled substances required information
Name of patient receiving narcotic Amount of narcotic used The hour narcotic was given The name of physician prescribing narcotic Name of the nurse administering narcotic
Identify the patient
Identify the patient by checking the identification bracelet- noting the patient’s full name, ID number, MRN, and DOB.
Ask the client to state their name, DOB, and allergies.
At least (2) identifiers must be used! Which may not include the patient location or room #.
Oral meds
Oral medications is the most common route and is intended for absorption in the stomach and small intestine.
Available in:
Solid form — tablets, capsules, pills
Liquid form — elixirs, spirits, suspensions, syrups
Administration of oral meds
Oral Route - having patient swallow drug
Enteral route - administering drug through an enteral tube
Sublingual administration - placing drug under tongue
Buccal administration - placing drug between tongue and cheek
Inhalation
Small Volume Nebulizer
Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) / dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
MDI and spacer
Shake MDI canister vigorously five or six times to aerosolize particles
Client should take a deep breath and then exhale
The person should close the mouth around the MDI or the spacer, tilt head back inhale slowly and deeply through the mouth for 3-5 seconds while depressing the canister fully
Hold breath for 10 seconds to
a little tiny drops of spray to reach
the deeper branches of the airway.
Remove the MDI and exhaled
through pursed lips—purse lip
breathing keeps the smaller
airways open during exhalation.
topical admin of meds
Vaginal Rectal Inunction Instillation Irrigation Skin application
Admin of parenteral meds
Subcutaneous injection—subcutaneous tissue
Intramuscular injection—muscle tissue
Intradermal injection—corium (under epidermis)
Intravenous injection—vein
Intraarterial injection—artery
Intracardial injection—heart tissue
Intraperitoneal injection—peritoneal cavity
Intraspinal injection—spinal canal
Intraosseous injection—bone
Criteria for choosing equipment for injections
Route of administration
Viscosity of the solution
Quantity to be administered
Body size
Type of medication
Needle gauges
Needle gauges- (18-30 gauge)- as the diameter of the needle increases the gauge number is smaller.
Ex: 18 gauge is
larger than a 22
gauge
24 gauge (usually yellow) used for infants 22 for school children 20 for adults- Favorite 18/16- trauma 14-orange-giving blood
Preparing meds for injection
Ampules- use a filter needle to draw up medication- then replace with a regular unfiltered needle for administration.
Vials- can be multidose, and once opened is good for only 24 hours.
Prefilled cartridges- Carpuject.
