Medication Administration Flashcards
Pharmacokinetics
the study of how a medication enters the body, moves through the body, and ultimately leaves the body
Pharmacodynamics
is the process in which a medication interacts with the body’s cells to produce a biologic response
therapeutic effects
the intended effect, the desired result or action of a medication.
absorption
passage of a drug from the administration site into the blood stream
o Several factors affect absorption
Route of administration
Ability of drug to dissolve
Blow flow to admin site
Body surface area
Age
o Medication given IV is the quickest rate of absorption, then IM, then SQ and oral
distribution
the process of delivering the medication to the tissues and organs
o Affected by chemical properties of the drug
o Effectiveness of cardiac system
o Ability to pass through tissue and organ membranes
o Extent to which the drug binds to the proteins or accumulates in fatty tissue
metabolism
the process by which a drug is altered to a less active form to prepare for excretion
o Most take place in the liver
Can be slowed down in the elderly and those with impaired liver function
o Special care due to potential build up of medications leading to toxicity
.
half-life
the expected time it takes for the blood concentration to measure one-half of the original drug dose due to drug metabolism and excretion.
excretion
process that removes the less active drug or it metabolites.
o Most excreted through the kidneys, but some can be through feces, breath, saliva, sweat, and breast milk.
onset of action
the time the body takes to respond to a drug after administration. onset is affected by the administration route, drug formulation, and pharmacokinetic factors.
peak plasma level
indicates the highest serum (blood) concentration; blood samples from peak serum levels are drawn at specific times after administration on the basis of the drug half-life
trough
lowest serum level of the medication; samples for trough levels are drawn just before the administration of a scheduled dose.
side effects
predictable but unwanted and sometimes unavoidable reactions to medications; minor or harmless or may cause injury; patient education on how to handle side effects like take it with a light meal
adverse effects
severe, unintended, unwanted, and often unpredictable drug reactions.; may occur after 1 dose; severe allergic response or over time; development of anemia associated with a medication. stop the medication immediately.
toxic effects
allergic reaction
anaphylactic reaction
idiosyncratic reaction
unpredictable patient response to medication; can be an overreaction, underresponse, or abnormal reaction. ie when you give Benadryl to a kid and they get hyper.
medication interactions
occurs when the drug action is modified by the presence of a certain food, herb or another medication.
synergistic effect
occurs when the combined effect is greater
