Medically Important Protozoa Flashcards
ENUMERATE
Medically important protozoa
Hemo CAFE
Feeding Grooves
Euglenozoa
Hemoflagellates
Amebae
Ciliates
Single-celled eukaryotes that lack mitochondria
Feeding grooves
Microorganism with NO MITOCHONDRIA
Gardia lamblia
G. intestinalis
G. duodenalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Disk-shaped mitochondria,
and absence of sexual reproduction.
Euglenozoa
Photoautotrophs that move by means of a flagellum at the anterior end and hasa red eyespot at the anterior end.
Euglenoids/Euglena
This carotenoid-containing organelle senses light and directs the cell in the appropriate direction by using a preemergent flagellum
Euglenoids
What is the semirigid plasma membrane of the Euglenoids called?
Pellicle
These are transmitted by the bites of blood-feeding insects and are found in the circulatory system of the bitten host
Hemoflagellates (blood parasites)
It causes African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei
Causative agent of Chaga’s disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
How is Chaga’s disease transmitted?
It is transmitted by the “kissing bug,”
How is African sleeping sickness transmitted?
It is transmitted by the Tse tse fly
Trypanosoma brucei causes what disease?
African Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosoma cruzi causes what disease?
Chaga’s disease
They have long, slender bodies and an undulating membrane
Hemoflagellates (blood parasites)
Move by extending blunt, lobe-like projections of the cytoplasm called pseudopods
Amebae
It is a method used for culture of Amebae
HAV-infusion method
is the only pathogenic ameba found in the human intestine that causes amebic dysentery
Entamoeba histolytica
is the only pathogenic ameba found in the human intestine that causes amebic dysentery
Entamoeba histolytica
Non-pathogenic amebae
Entamoeba dispar
Amoeba growing in water, including tap water, can infect the cornea and cause blindness.
Acanthamoeba
An amebae that causes granulomatous amebic encephalitis in the US and infects immunocompromised person.
Balamuthia
An amebae that causes granulomatous amebic encephalitis in the US and infects immunocompromised person.
Balamuthia
DOC for asymptomatic amebiasis
DIP
Diloxanide furoate
Iodoquinol
Paromomycin
DOC for mild to moderate amebiases
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
TCN and Erythromycin
DOC for severe amebiases
Metronidazole IV
Tinidazole
Tetracycline
Dehydroemetine
DOC for hepatic abscess, ameboma, and other intestinal disease
Metronidazole & Dehydroemetine
It is characterized by the presence of a complex of special organelles at the apexes (tips) of their cells.
The organelles in these apical complexes contain enzymes that penetrate the host’s tissues
Apicomplexa
They have a complex life cycle that involves transmission between several hosts
Apicomplexans
They are not motile in their mature forms
APICOMPLEXA
Grows by sexual reproduction from female **Anopheles **mosquito
PLASMODIUM
Infective stage of Plasmodium. Carried by Anopheles
Sporozoite
Plasmodium that infects RED BLOOD CELL
Merozoites
young trophozoites of plasmodium where the nucleus and cytoplasm are visible.
Ring trophozoite
Male and female gametes cause no further damage but can be pick up by the Anopheles mosquito and begin their sexual cycle.
Gametes
Sporozoites undergo schizogony in liver cells and produce thousands of progeny called ?
Schizogony: multiple fission, results in multiple cells
Merozoites
The most common Plasmodium spp. That causes infection in humans
P. vivax
Plasmodium spp. that causes benign infection all over the world
P. malariae
Plasmodium spp. which is a less severe form of malaria
P. ovale
banana shaped Plasmodium spp. which is most dangerous, found in sub-Saharan Africa
P. falciparum
Itisa disease caused by parasites that infect red blood cells transmitted mainly by Ixodes scapularis ticks
Babesiosis
Carrier of Babesia microti
Ixodes scapularis ticks
Parasite that causes Babesiosis
Babesia microti
The life cycle of this parasite involves domestic cats. This parasite also causes congenital infection in the utero
Toxoplasma gondii
It reproduces sexually and asexually in an infected cat
under Toxoplasma gondii
tachyzoites
oocysts, each containing ____ sporozoites, are excreted with feces
under Toxoplasma gondii
8
- Lives inside the cells lining the small intestine and can be transmitted to humans through the feces of cows, rodents, dogs, and cats.
- Cause of the waterborne diarrhea epidemic in 1993
Crytosporidium spp
Major host of C. parvum
Cattles
These have cilia that are similar to but shorter than flagella
Cilates
The only ciliate that is a human parasite, which is the causative agent of a severe, though rare, type of dysentery.
Balantidium coli
Infective stage of E. histolytica
Quadrinucleate cyst
Parasite that causes hemolytic anemia that can lead to jaundice and dark urine in immunosuppressed individuals.
Babesia microti
