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Pathology And Pharamcology > Medically Important Arthropods - Micro > Flashcards

Medically Important Arthropods - Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Head lice, scabies mites and public lice are from what category

A

Ectoparasites - Do not transmit germs but live and feed permanently on exterior of the host

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2
Q

Mosquitoes, fleas, body lice, tsetsefly are examples of what?

A

Vectors - They actively transmit disease causing pathogens. By bite or feces of vector

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3
Q

Cockroaches, flies are categorized as what?

A

Mechanical transporters - Transmit disease passively by picking up pathogen in stool and then contaminating human food

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4
Q

What are “harmful” anthropods?

A

They cause nuisance, discomfort and blood loss through their bites. Mosquitoes, bugs, Fleas etc

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5
Q

Properties of anthropods ?

A
  1. Body is segmented bearing jointed appendages (jointed feet)
  2. Invertebrates, exoskeleton made of chitin
  3. Bilaterally symmetrical
  4. Tubular alimentary canal with mouth and Anus
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6
Q

Classification of anthropods?

A

Arachnida
Insecta
Crucataceans

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7
Q

Genus of Arachnida?

A

Acari - Tick, mice
Scorpiones - scorpion
Araneae - Spider

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8
Q

Genus of insecta ?

A

Anoplura - Lice
Siphonaptera - fleas
Hemiptera - bugs
Diptera - mosquitos and flies

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9
Q

Examples of crucataceans ?

A

Podocopida- Shrimps
Decapoda - crabs, crayfish
Cyclopoida - cyclops

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10
Q

What features differentiate insects from arachnids

A

Presence of antennae, wings, segmented abdomen in insecta
3 pairs of legs - Insecta and 4 pairs of legs - Arachnida
Three distinct body (head, thorax abdomen) - Insecta
Two distinct body (cephalothorax and abdomen) - Arachnids

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11
Q

Crustaceans features?

A

They have 2 pairs of antennae (Insects have 1)
Three pairs of chewing appendages
Varied number of legs
Legs on their abdomen and also on thorax (different from insecta)

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12
Q

Arachnids features ?

A

Four pairs of legs are attached to the cephalothorax
Adapted to kill prey using poisonous glands, fangs or stingers
A pair of pedipalp which aid in chewing and chelicerae is attached to the cephalothorax
They undergo incomplete metamorphosis

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13
Q

Medical importance of scorpions?

A

Compounds found in scorpion venom can be used to produce new drugs
Black mamba venom has power painkiller potential

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14
Q

Pathogenicity of scorpion bite ? Pain swelling inflammation at bite site

A
  • Pain, swelling, inflammation at bite site
  • Severe cases; muscular spasm, respiratory failure, pulmonary edema and shock
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15
Q

Most dangerous spider species?

A

Black widow spider
- Venom is neurotoxic affecting the CNS.
- Can cause cramps in legs, arm and chest
- symptoms; Headache, fever, nausea, tremor and stuttering

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16
Q

Medical importance of Ticks ?

A

Tick paralysis; progressive flaccid paralysis due to failure of release of ACH at NMJ
Tick Toxins - produce a block in motor nerve fibers

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17
Q

Hard bodied ticks carry what ?

A

Carriers of Rickettsia, spirochetal, viral, bacteria and protozoan disease

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18
Q

Soft Bodied ticks ?

A

Vectors for endemic relapsing fever and Q fever

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19
Q

Diseases associated with mites are ?

A
  • Scabies
  • Scrub typhus
  • Rickettsial Pox

Body is oval shaped, convex dorsally and flattened ventrally

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20
Q

The developmental change in the lifecycle of insect is called ?

A

Metamorphosis

21
Q

Complete metamorphosis consists of what? And incomplete consists of what ?

A

Complete - Egg, Larva, pupa and adult
Incomplete - Egg, Nymph and adult (three stages)

Note- Nymph is similar but smaller to adult form and size is proportional to its age

22
Q

Types of vectors in insects ?

A

1)Biochemical vectors; Acquire pathogen via feeding, agent multiplies, propagate and develops inside the arthropods body.
2) Mechanical Vector; they transmit pathogens by way of secretions and contaminated external body surfaces. Pathogens do not multiply in them

23
Q

*^Wingless** insects with short legs are called?

A

Lice
- Dorsoventrally flattened body with segmented abdomen
- Average life span of 30days
- Has three pairs of clawed legs

24
Q

The head louse is called?

A

Pediculus humanus capitis

  • Elongated body and narrow anterior mouthparts
  • Feeds on human blood from the scalp
  • Female louse produce sticky substance that firmly attaches each egg to the base of hair shaft less than 1/4inch (5mm) from scalp
25
Q

Body lice causes which disease?

A
  • Epidemic fever
  • Trench fever
  • Relapsing fever
  • Pubic louse
  • Pthrius pubis
26
Q

What causes PTHrius pubis?

A

Body lice

27
Q

Fleas …?

A
  • Wingless insects with tough cuticle
  • Cuticle - contains spines called Ctenidia
  • Feeds exclusively on mammals (humans and birds)
28
Q

Common diseases caused by fleas are ?

A

Tungiasis
Bubonic plaque
Endemic typhus
Chiggerosis
Hymenolpsis diminuta

29
Q

Hymenolpsis diminuta is caused by?

A

Fleas

30
Q

Chiggerosis and Tungiasis are caused by??

A

Fleas
(tungiasis affects the toenails)

31
Q

Diseases caused by Mosquitoes include?

A

Malaria
Filiariasis
Viral hemorrhagic fever
Viral encephalitis
Zika Virus

32
Q

Viral hemorrhagic fevers include?

A

Dengue Fever, West Nile fever and Yellow fever

33
Q

Head of mosquito is specialized for ?

A

Acquiring sensory information and for feeding

One pair of Antennae is long and many-segmented

34
Q

Housefly ..?

A
  • 5 -7mm long
  • Female usually larger than male
  • Reddish eyes and sponging mouthparts
  • Thorax bears four narrow black stripes
    There’s a sharp upward bend in the fourth longitudinal wing vein
35
Q

Medically important diseases of houseflies include?

A

Thyphoid
Dysentery
Diarrhea
Cholera
Gastroenteritis
Amoebiasis

36
Q

Medical important disease of cyclops

A

Guinea work
Fish tapeworm

37
Q

Crabs and crayfish are associated with what disease ?

A

Paragonimiasis

38
Q

Environmental control of Arthropods ?

A
  • Elimination of breeding places
  • Proper disposal of wastes
  • Health education
  • Provision of pipe water system
  • Filling and drainage operation
  • Cleanliness in and around the homes
39
Q

Genetic control of arthropods

A
  • Sterile male techniques
  • Chromosomal distortion
  • Sex distortion
  • Gene replacement
40
Q

Examples of insecticides in Chemical control of arthropods

A

Organochlorine compounds; DDT BHC, Lindane
Organophosphorus compounds - Malathion
Carbamate compounds - Carbaryl

41
Q

Carbaryl belongs to what group of insecticides

A

Carbamate compounds

42
Q

DDT and BHC belongs to what group of insecticides

A

Organochlorine coumpounds

43
Q

Lindane is to …….? As Malathion is to …….? Insecticides

A

Lindane - Organochlorine compound
Malathion - **Organophosphorus compound **

44
Q

Management of Athropodal disease infestation?

A
  • Ticks are carefully removed with forceps
  • Improved personal hygiene
  • Washing of clothings and bed linen
  • Washing of hands
  • Wearing personal protective equipments
  • Use of insects and mosquito repellant
45
Q

Secondary prevention of Arthropoda Infestation, disease

A

Treatment of infected people, their households and sexual contact

46
Q

Drugs used in scabies infestation??

A

Lindane
5% permethrin
Benzyl Benzoate
Ivermectin

47
Q

Drugs used on helminthic infection ??

A

Praziquantel and Niclosamide

48
Q

Drugs used in Trypanosome infection??

A

Suramin
Melarsoprol
Nifurtimox
Benznidazole

Pathology And Pharamcology (7 decks)

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