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Medical Terminology Unit 8(Digestive System) > Medical Vocabulary > Flashcards

Medical Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal Ultrasound

A

A method of using sound waves to generate an image of abdominal organs; often used to diagnose liver cysts, gallstones, tissue abscesses, and abdominal organ enlargement

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2
Q

Absorption

A

The process by which valuable nutrients leave the digestive tract and enter the blood supply

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3
Q

Acid blocker

A

A group of drugs that block acid production in the stomach

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4
Q

Amylase

A

An enzyme that aids in the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates

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5
Q

Amylase blood test

A

A blood test used to detect elevated levels of an enzyme common in pancreatic disorders

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6
Q

Anal fistula

A

An abnormal, tube - like passageway that forms between the anas and the skin near the anus

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of or no appetite

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8
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

A condition involving self - deprivation of food and pathological weight loss

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9
Q

Antibiotic

A

A drug that fights or prevents bacterial infections

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10
Q

Antiemetic

A

A drug that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

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11
Q

Antiviral

A

A drug used to treat viral infections

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12
Q

Anus

A

The opening of the lower end of the digestive tract, through which fecal waste is eliminated

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13
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix; caused by a blockage that results in infection

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14
Q

Appendix

A

An organ that hangs from the lowest part of the cecum and which has no known function within the digestive system

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15
Q

Ascending colon

A

The part of the colon that extends upward from the cecum

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16
Q

Ascites

A

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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17
Q

Bariatric Surgery

A

A term that encompasses the surgical treatments available for morbid obesity, including lap bands, gastric bypasses, and other similar procedures to reduce the size of the stomach or digestive tract

18
Q

Barium enema; lower gastrointestinal (LGI) series

A

A special X - ray of the large intestine, including the rectum, using barium as a contrast medium

19
Q

Bile

A

A yellowish brown or green fluid secreted by the liver bank to break down fatty boods

20
Q

Borborygmus

A

The movement of gas and/or fluid through the digestive tract, producing grumbling noises

21
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating that is followed by induced vomiting, use of laxatives, and/or excessive exercise; often abbreviated to bulimia

22
Q

Capsule Endoscopy

A

The visual examination in which a tiny, wireless camera is used to take pictures of the digestive tract

23
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

A ring - like muscle at the end of the esophagus that controls that flow of substances between the esophagus and the stomach

24
Q

Cecum

A

A pouch that connects to the ileum and forms the first part of the colon

25
Q

Celiac Disease

A

A malabsorption syndrome (condition of faulty absorption) characterized by weight loss and diarrhea, thought to be caused by foods containing gluten, a protein found in wheat

26
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

27
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder

28
Q

Chyme

A

A pulpy substance that results when acidic gastric juices mix with partially digested food in the stomach

29
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Scarring of the liver due to alcohol, drugs, or a virus such as hepatitis

30
Q

Colon

A

The large intestine, which connects to the ileum and continues to the anus

31
Q

Colon Cancer

A

Malignant tumor of glandular tissues in the colon, rectum, or both

32
Q

Colonooscopy

A

The visual examination of the colon (large intestine) using a scope

33
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

A routing test that involves counting the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the blood

34
Q

Constipation

A

The difficult elimination of stools

35
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

A chronic disease that causes inflammation in the digestive tract

36
Q

Crown

A

That part of a tooth that protrudes above the gum line

37
Q

Crown

A

That part of a tooth that protrudes above the gum line

38
Q

Deglutition

A

The act of swallowing

39
Q

Dehydration

A

A condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake

40
Q

Dental Caries

A

Tooth decay or cavity; an infection that destroys the enamel or dentin of the tooth

Medical Terminology Unit 8(Digestive System) (2 decks)

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