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Medical terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Polydipsia

A

Polydipsia is a medical name for the feeling of extreme thirstiness.

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2
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive Urine Production

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3
Q

Hypoglycemia (hypo)

A

low blood glucose, low blood sugar

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4
Q

Hyperglycaemia

A

medical term for a high blood sugar

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5
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

Rarely has noticeable symptoms. But if untreated, it increases your risk of serious problems such as heart attacks and strokes.

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6
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure is a reading of less than 90/60mmHg.

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7
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

A severe and potentially life-threatening reaction to a trigger such as an allergy.

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8
Q

Angina

A

Angina is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. It’s not usually life threatening, but it’s a warning sign that you could be at risk of a heart attack or stroke.

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9
Q

Anosmia

A

Lost or changed sense of smell

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10
Q

Biopsy

A

A biopsy is a medical procedure that involves taking a small sample of body tissue so it can be examined under a microscope.

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11
Q

Cyanosis

A

Cyanosis is where your skin or lips turn blue. It can be a sign of a serious problem.

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12
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Cirrhosis is scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by long-term liver damage. The scar tissue prevents the liver working properly.

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13
Q

Colostomy

A

A colostomy is an operation to divert one end of the colon (part of the bowel) through an opening in the tummy.

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14
Q

Stoma

A

The opening is called a stoma. A pouch can be placed over the stoma to collect stools.

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15
Q

Echocardiogram

A

An echocardiogram, or “echo”, is a scan used to look at the heart and nearby blood vessels.

It’s a type of ultrasound scan, which means a small probe is used to send out high-frequency sound waves that create echoes when they bounce off different parts of the body.

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16
Q

Hypothermia

A

Hypothermia is a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35C (normal body temperature is around 37C). It’s a medical emergency

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17
Q

Ileostomy

A

An ileostomy is where the small bowel (small intestine) is diverted through an opening in the tummy (abdomen)

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18
Q

Psoriasis

A

Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales.

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19
Q

Sepsis

A

Sepsis is a life-threatening reaction to an infection.

It happens when your immune system overreacts to an infection and starts to damage your body’s own tissues and organs.

You cannot catch sepsis from another person.

Sepsis is sometimes called septicaemia or blood poisoning.

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20
Q

Urinary catheter

A

A urinary catheter is a flexible tube used to empty the bladder and collect urine in a drainage bag.

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21
Q

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

A

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can affect different parts of your urinary tract, including your bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis) or kidneys (kidney infection). Most UTIs can be easily treated with antibiotics.

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22
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease

The study of changes in the way the body works that result from disease

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23
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

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24
Q

Facilitated transport

A

The protein-mediated transport of a compound across a biomembrane that is not ion-driven;

25
Q

Micturition

A

Micturition is a process where urine is expelled from the body.

26
Q

Eczema

A

Atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) is the most common form of eczema, a condition that causes the skin to become itchy, dry and cracked.

It’s usually a long-term (chronic) condition, although it can improve significantly, or even clear completely, in some children as they get older.

27
Q

Physiology

A

NOUN
the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

the way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.

28
Q

PTLD - Post transplant lymphoproliferate disease

A

This is a rare, but well known complication of solid organ transplants. It involves the immune system and causes white blood cells called lymphocytes to multiply out of control.
There are four main types of PTLD
1) early lesions which often go away if your doctor can lower the dose of immunesuppressive drugs.
2) Polymorphic PTLD, has a mix of different cells
3) Monomorphic PTLD, has 1 type of cell and is the most common type of PTLD
4) Other types, which are rare such as Hodgkin’s disease.

29
Q

MRO Multi resistant organisms

A

are bacteria that have become resistant to the antibiotics normally used in their treatment.

30
Q

VRE Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

A

Antibiotic resistance occurs when germs no longer respond to antibiotics designed to kill them. If these germs develop resistance to vanncomycin, anantibiotic that is used to treat some drug resistant infections, they become Vancomycin-resistant enterococci VRE.

31
Q

ESBL Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase

A

Some germs, such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella, produce an enzyme called extended spectrum Beta-Lactamase ESBL. This enzyme makes the germ harder to treat with antibiotics. ESBL can cause a variety of illnesses, including urinary tract infections UTI’s.

32
Q

Cholangitis

A

is the inflammation of the bile duct system. The bile duct system carries bile from your liver and gallbladder into the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum). In most cases this is caused by a bacterial infection and often happens suddenly.

33
Q

LFT’s Liver Function tests

A

LFT’s look at how well the liver is functioning and can indicate whether there is any damage or inflammation inside the liver.

34
Q

Fistula

A

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway that connects two organs or vessels that do not usually connect.

35
Q

TPN Total Parenteral nutrition

A

TPN is the medical term for infusing a specialized form of food through a vein (intravenously).

36
Q

Neutropenic

A

is when a person has a low level of neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. All white blood cells help fight infection. Neutrophils fight infection by destroying harmfull bacteria and fungi (yeast) that invade the body.

37
Q

CD’s

A

Controlled drugs

38
Q

Sam 1

Sam 2

A

Sam 1 Self administered drugs - patient has assisatnce.

Sam 2 Self administered drugs - patient does them by themselves

39
Q

PCA Patient controlled analgesia

A

PCA is a method of allowing a person to administer their own pain relief.

40
Q

Cholecystitis

A

is inflammation of the gall bladder. The gall bladder is a small pear shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, beneather the liver. The gall bladder holds a digestive fluid that is released into your small intestine.

41
Q

Diverticular disease

A

When diverticular cause symptoms such as pain in the lower tummy it is called diverticular disease. If the diverticular become inflammed or infected causing more severe symptoms it is called diverticulitus. You are more likely to get diverticular disease if you do not get enough fibfre in your diet.

42
Q

OGD Oesophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy

A

It is a camera test where the doctor looks at the upper parts of the digestive system or upper gastrointestinal tract. This is an examination of the oesophagus, stomach and small bowel called the duodenum.

43
Q

Jej tube

A

A jejunostomy (Jej) tube is a thin tube which is placed during surgery into your jejunum (small bowel). This tube allows you to be given enough nourishment and fluids until you are able to eat & drink normally again. Some medicines can also be given through the Jej..

44
Q

CT or CAT scan (Computed tomography)

A

uses computers and rotating x ray machines to create cross sectional images of the body. They can show the soft tissues, blood vessels and bones.

45
Q

Encephalopathy

A

means damage or disease that affects the brain. It happens when there has been a change in the way your brain works or a change in the body that affects your brain. These changes lead to an altered mental state, leaving you confused and not acting like you usually do.

46
Q

OPAT

A

Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy. An OPAT team manage the delivery of intravenous antibiotics to patients who are medically stable, within their own homes.

47
Q

ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

ERCP is a procedure to diagnose and treat problems in the liver , gallbladder, bile ducts and pancreas. It combines X-ray and the use of an endoscope (a long, flexible, lighted tube).

48
Q

Nephrostomy

A

is an opening between the kidney and the skin. A nephrostomy tube is a thin plastic tube that is passed from the back, through the skin and then through the kidney.

49
Q

MRCP

A

MRCP is a special type of magnetic resonance (MRI) exam that produces detailed images of the hepetobillary and pancreatic systems, including then gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas and pancreatic duct.

50
Q

Septic shower

A

is the body’s reaction to the removal of some form of infection -e.g incision and drainage. It is the accumulation of immune factors at the site being released into the body upon removal or washout of the infection.

51
Q

Endoscopy

A

is a procedure where organs inside your body are looked at using an instrument called an endoscope. An endoscope is a long, thin tube that has a light and a camera at one end.

52
Q

DOT

A

Diabetes Outreach Team

53
Q

ATG Anti-thymocyte globulin

A

Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is an infusion of horse or rabbit-derived antibodies against human T cells and their precursors (thymocytes), which is used in the prevention and treatment of acute rejection in organ transplantation and therapy of aplastic anemia.

54
Q

Non-blanchable erythema

A

skin redness that does not turn white when pressed– is an important skin change.

55
Q

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

A Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is an operation to remove stones from the kidney. It is a form of keyhole surgery so is performed through a small cut in the skin.

56
Q

nephrostomy

A

A nephrostomy is an opening that is made between the kidney and the skin on your back. It lets urine drain from the kidney. A thin, flexible tube (catheter) goes through the opening and into your kidney. This is called a nephrostomy tube.

57
Q

fistula

A

A fistula is an abnormal opening between two parts of the body or a part of the body and the skin.

58
Q

urostomy

A

A urostomy is a stoma formed to divert the normal flow of urine from the kidneys and ureters.

A urostomy/ileal conduit is the creation of a new exit route for the passage of urine from the body via a stoma and pouch. The surgical construction of such a pathway through which the urine may travel without interference will allow the kidneys to function at their optimum efficiency.

59
Q

SBO

A

Small bowel obstruction: An obstruction of the small intestine that prevents the free passage of material;

Medical terms (1 decks)

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