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Anatomy & Physiology - Lesson 1 > medical terms > Flashcards

medical terms Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure

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2
Q

Malignant hypertension

A

An accelerated, severe form of hypertension with vascular damage and a diastolic pressure of 130mmHg or greater

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3
Q

Benign hypertension

A

Mild or controlled hypertension and no damage to the vascular system or organs

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4
Q

Unspecified hypertension

A

This is not specified as benign or malignant in the diagnosis or medical record

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5
Q

Collagen

A

structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue

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6
Q

Melanin

A

major skin pigment

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7
Q

Lipocyte

A

a fat cell

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8
Q

Macule

A

discolored, flat lesion (freckles, tattoo marks)

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9
Q

Polyp

A

benign growth extending from the surface of the mucous membrane

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10
Q

Fissure

A

groove or crack like sore

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11
Q

Nodule

A

solid, round or oval elevated lesion more than 1 cm in diameter

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12
Q

Ulcer

A

open sore on the skin or mucous membranes

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13
Q

Vesicle

A

small collection of clear fluid; blister

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14
Q

Wheal

A

smooth, slightly elevated, edematous (swollen) area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin

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15
Q

Alopecia

A

absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

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16
Q

Gangrene

A

death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

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17
Q

Impetigo

A

bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by lesion, pustules and vesicles

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18
Q

Extension

A

to increase the angle of a joint

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19
Q

Flexion

A

to decrease the angle of a joint

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20
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline

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21
Q

Supination

A

turning the palm or foot upward

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22
Q

Pronation

A

turning the palm or foot downward

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23
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

raising the foot, pulling the toes toward the shin

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24
Q

Plantar flexion

A

lowering the foot, pointing the toes away from the shin

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25
Q

Eversion

A

turning outward

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26
Q

Inversion

A

turning inward

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27
Q

Protraction

A

moving a part of the body forward

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28
Q

Retraction

A

moving a part of the body backward

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29
Q

Rotation

A

revolving a bone around its axis

30
Q

Fracture

A

A fracture is a broken bone

31
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

The bone is crushed and or shattered

32
Q

Compression Fracture

A

The fractured area of bone collapses on itself

33
Q

Colles Fracture

A

The break of the distal end of the radius at the epiphysis often occurs when the patient has attempted to break his or her fall.

34
Q

Complicated Fracture

A

The bone is broken and pierces an internal organ

35
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

The bone is broken and the ends are driven into each other

36
Q

Hairline Fracture

A

A minor fracture appears as a thin line on x-ray and may not extend completely through the bone.

37
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

The bone is partially bent and partially broken; this is a common fracture in children because their bones are still soft.

38
Q

Pathologic Fracture

A

Any fracture occurring spontaneously as a result of disease

39
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture

A

A fracture of the epiphyseal plate in children

40
Q

Sprain

A

A traumatic injury to a joint involving the soft tissue

41
Q

Neoplasm

A

new and abnormal growth or formation of tissue

42
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues related to internal organs.

43
Q

Carcinoma in situ (CIS)

A

cancer that is localized and has not spread to surrounding tissue or base membranes. This term is often used when the neoplasm has not yet formed a tumor (lump) and is more like a lesion (lies flat). However, this is often considered a precursor to malignant neoplasm (and is often referred to as pre-cancerous or pre-invasive cancer) as it often leads to malignancy if left untreated.

44
Q

Uncertain behavior (of neoplasm)

A

It is uncertain whether benign or malignant; borderline malignancy.

45
Q

Unspecified nature (of neoplasm)

A

A neoplasm (or abnormal formation of tissue) is identified; however, no nature of the growth is documented in the diagnosis or medical record.

46
Q

Sarcoma

A

Cancer that originates in the soft tissues, bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. They are quite rare.

47
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood.

48
Q

Lymphoma

A

Cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system and relate to the Lymphatic system.

49
Q

Myeloma

A

Cancer that forms in the plasma cells, which are part of the immune system. Most plasma cells reside in bone marrow, and the large bones of the body contain the most marrow.

50
Q

Atria (Atrium)

A

The two upper chambers of the heart

51
Q

Ventricles

A

The two lower chambers of the heart

52
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Large vein carrying de-oxygenated blood from the head and upper body back to the Right Atrium of the heart.

53
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

The largest vein in the body; it is responsible for carrying de-oxygenated blood from the legs and lower torso back to the Right Atrium of the heart.

54
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Artery carrying blood that is poor in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs; it is the only artery that transports de-oxygenated blood. (Arteries carry blood away from the heart)

55
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

These blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium of the heart. (Veins carry blood back in to the heart)

56
Q

Aorta

A

This is the body’s main artery and is the largest blood vessel in the body. It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle in the heart, and branches out to the entire body.

57
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

This heart valve separates the Right Atrium from the Right Ventricle.

58
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of functional changes associated with disease and injury

59
Q

Etiology

A

The study of the origins and causes of diseases

60
Q

Manifestation

A

Obvious evidence or display of characteristic signs and symptoms of an illness or disorder; specific evidence that a disease is present

61
Q

Syndrome

A

Set of signs and symptoms occurring together as part of a specific disease

62
Q

Screening

A

Testing for asymptomatic or potential diseases or injuries.

63
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of sources, properties, and uses of drugs

64
Q

surface anatomy

A

studies the surface of the body as well as structures that are visible underneath the surface, such as
the kneecaps.

65
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

subdivides the body into systems

66
Q

Regional anatomy

A

the different structures in a certain region, such as the shoulder or hip

67
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

how our body evolved and developed over time or during our time from conception to birth

68
Q

Coronal plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

69
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

70
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into left and right portions.

71
Q

structural (organic) diseases

A

structural changes to organs or tissues, which
are called lesions

72
Q

Hyperplasia and neoplasms

A

caused by an abnormal growth of tissues. Neoplasms are divided into benign and malignant neoplasms, which are usually called cancers

Anatomy & Physiology - Lesson 1 (10 decks)

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