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RNSG 1125 > Medical Terminology Wk 1 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Wk 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abscess

A

Enclosed collection of liquefied tissue, known as pus, somewhere in the body due to the body’s defensive reaction to foreign material.

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2
Q

Abrasion

A

A rubbed or scraped area on skin or mucous membrane

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3
Q

Acute

A

Having severe symptoms and a short course.

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4
Q

Adduction

A

To draw inward toward the median axis of the body or toward an adjacent part or limb.

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5
Q

Adverse reaction

A

Any harmful, unintended effect of a medication, diagnostic test, or therapeutic intervention.

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6
Q

Alkalosis

A

Abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues

A condition of the blood and other body fluids in which the bicarbonate concentration is above normal, tending toward alkalinity.

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7
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a body part away from the median/midline plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits).

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8
Q

Allergic reaction

A

Occurs when a person’s immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.

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9
Q

Alopecia

A

Loss of hair; baldness.

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10
Q

Ampule

A
  1. A hermetically sealed vial made of glass or plastic that contains a sterile medicinal solution or a powder that is usually made into a solution for subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection.
  2. A sealed glass or plastic bulb containing a solution for hypodermic injection.
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11
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

A sudden, usually systemic allergic reaction, characterized by:

1) vasodilation resulting in decreased blood pressure
2) smooth muscle contraction resulting in shortness of breath
3) hives, caused by hypersensitivity

…induced by a secondary exposure to a foreign substance, such as a drug or protein, after an initial sensitizing exposure.

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12
Q

Antipyretic

A
  1. Reducing or tending to reduce fever.

2. A medication that reduces fever.

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13
Q

Antiseptic

A

A substance that prevents infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents.

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14
Q

Anuria

A

The absence of urine formation. Also called anuresis.

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15
Q

Anemia

A

A reduction in the hemoglobin of red blood cells with consequent deficiency of oxygen in the blood, leading to weakness and pallor.

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16
Q

Aneurysm

A

A sac formed by abnormal dilation of the weakened wall of a blood vessel

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17
Q

Anus

A

The opening at the lower end of the digestive tract (alimentary canal) through which solid waste is eliminated from the body.

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18
Q

Apex

A

A narrowed or pointed end of an anatomical structure

i.e. Apex of the heart

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19
Q

Aphagia

A

Loss of the ability to swallow.

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20
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary absence or cessation of breathing.

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21
Q

Ascites

A

An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity.

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22
Q

Asepsis

A

The process of removing or protecting against infection of pathogenic microorganisms

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23
Q

Aseptic

A

Free of pathogenic microorganisms

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24
Q

Assessment

A

An evaluation of a condition.

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25
Q

Ataxia

A

Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement.

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26
Q

Atelectasis

A

The absence of gas from all or part of the lung, due to failure of expansion of the alveoli; partial or complete collapse of the lung

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27
Q

Atresia

A

The absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular passage such as the anus, intestine, or external ear canal.

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28
Q

Atrophy

A

A wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use

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29
Q

Auditory

A

Of or relating to hearing, the organs of hearing, or the sense of hearing.

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30
Q

Auscultation

A

The act of listening for sounds made by internal organs to aid in the diagnosis of certain disorders.

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31
Q

Axillary

A

Of, relating to, or near the armpit

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32
Q

Benign

A

Having little or no detrimental effect; harmless

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33
Q

Bolus

A

A round soft mass of chewed food within the mouth or digestive tract.

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34
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slowness of the heart rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in an adult human.

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35
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormal slowness of respiration.

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36
Q

Bruit

A

An abnormal sound heard in auscultation.

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37
Q

Buccal

A

Of or relating to the cheeks or the mouth cavity.

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38
Q

Bullae

A

A large blister or vesicle.

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39
Q

Cannula

A

A flexible tube, usually containing a trocar at one end, that is inserted into a bodily cavity, duct, or vessel to drain fluid or administer a substance such as a medication.

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40
Q

Canthus

A

The angle formed by the meeting of the upper and lower eyelids at either side of the eye.

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41
Q

Carcinoma

A

Any of various types of malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial cells, chiefly glandular (adenocarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma); skin cancer; the most commonly occurring kind of cancer.

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42
Q

Catheter

A

A hollow flexible tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow the passage of fluids or distend a passageway.

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43
Q

Cellulitis

A

inflammation of any of the tissues of the body, characterized by fever, pain, swelling, and redness of the affected area

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44
Q

Chronic

A

Lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence

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45
Q

Circumduction

A

The circular movement of a limb such that the distal end of the limb delineates an arc.

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46
Q

Colostomy

A

Surgical construction of an artificial excretory opening from the colon.

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47
Q

Congenital

A

Of or relating to a condition that is present at birth, as a result of either heredity or environmental influences

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48
Q

Contact Precautions

A

guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for reducing the risk of transmission of epidemiologically important microorganisms by direct or indirect contact.

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49
Q

Contracture

A

abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to stretching

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50
Q

Contralateral

A

pertaining to, situated on, or affecting the opposite side.

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51
Q

Contusion

A

injury to tissues with skin discoloration and without breakage of skin; called also bruise.

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52
Q

Crepitus

A

a grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone.

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53
Q

Cyanosis

A

physical sign causing bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.

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54
Q

Cyst

A

an abnormal closed epithelium-lined sac in the body that contains a liquid or semisolid substance

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55
Q

Cystectomy

A

Excision of the bladder, gallbladder (cholecystectomy), or cyst

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56
Q

Debride

A

The removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, esp. in a wound.

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57
Q

Defecation

A

elimination of wastes and undigested food, as feces, from the rectum.

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58
Q

Dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin.

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59
Q

Dialysis

A

Filtration of blood to rid the body of harmful wastes, extra salt, and water.

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60
Q

Diaphoresis

A

ex-cessive sweating; may be associated with exercise or with emotional, physical, and mental stress, or medically induced

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61
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

the intracardiac pressure during diastolic relaxation of a cardiac chamber; the lowest arterial blood pressure reached during any given ventricular cycle.

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62
Q

Distal

A

Situated away from the center of the body, or from the point of origin

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63
Q

Diuresis

A

increased excretion of urine

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64
Q

Doff

A

To take off; remove: doff one’s clothes.

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65
Q

Don

A

To put on

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66
Q

Dorsal

A

directed toward or situated on the back surface, as opposed to ventral

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67
Q

Drainage

A

systematic withdrawal of fluids and discharges from a wound, sore, or cavity.

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68
Q

Droplet Precaustions

A

guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for reducing the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents.

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69
Q

Dyspnea

A

Breathlessness or shortness of breath

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70
Q

Ecchymosis

A

a hemorrhagic spot, larger than a petechia, in the skin or mucous membrane, forming a flat, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch.

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71
Q

Eczema

A

Any superficial inflammatory process involving primarily the epidermis, marked early by redness, itching, minute papules and vesicles, weeping, oozing, and crusting, and later by scaling, lichenification, and often pigmentation.

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72
Q

Edema

A

condition of abnormally large fluid volume in the circulatory system or in tissues between the body’s cells (interstitial spaces).

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73
Q

Embolus

A

a clot or other plug, usually part or all of a thrombus, brought by the blood from another vessel and forced into a smaller one, thus obstructing circulation

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74
Q

Emesis

A
  1. Synonym(s): vomiting

2. Combining form, used in the suffix position, for vomiting.

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75
Q

Enema

A

The injection of liquid into the rectum through the anus for cleansing, for stimulating evacuation of the bowels, or for other therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.

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76
Q

Enteral

A

Within, or by way of, the intestine or gastrointestinal tract

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77
Q

Epigastric

A

pertaining to the epigastrium, the area above the stomach.

78
Q

Epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose, usually due to rupture of small vessels overlying the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum.

79
Q

Erythema

A

redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin

80
Q

Eschar

A

a dry, dark scab or falling away of dead skin

81
Q

Eupnea

A

normal respiration

82
Q

Excoriation

A

a scratch or abrasion of the skin.

83
Q

Expectorate

A

To spit; to eject saliva, mucus, or other fluid from the mouth.

84
Q

Extremity

A
  1. the distal or terminal portion of elongated or pointed structures.
  2. limb.
85
Q

Exudate

A

a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation.

86
Q

Febrile

A
  1. pertaining to fever.

2. characterized by fever; called also feverish, pyrectic, and pyretic.

87
Q

Feces

A

Body waste discharge from the intestines

88
Q

Fissure

A

A deep furrow, cleft, or slit.

89
Q

Fistula

A

permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and the exterior of the body.

90
Q

Flatus

A
  1. gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract.

2. gas or air expelled through the anus.

91
Q

Flora

A

the bacteria and fungi, both normally occurring and pathological, found in or on an organ.

92
Q

Fracture

A
  1. the breaking of a part, especially a bone.

2. a break in continuity of bone

93
Q

Friction

A
  1. The act of rubbing the surface of an object against that of another.
94
Q

Flexion

A
  1. the act of bending or the condition of being bent.
95
Q

Gait

A

Manner or style of walking.

96
Q

Gastrointestinal

A

pertaining to the stomach and intestine.

97
Q

Gastrostomy

A

a surgical procedure for inserting a tube through the abdomen wall and into the stomach for feeding and drainage.

98
Q

Genitourinary

A

Relating to the organs of reproduction and urination collectively.

99
Q

Glycosuria

A

the presence of glucose in the urine.

100
Q

Gross

A

coarse or large; visible to the naked eye.

101
Q

Guaiac

A

A wood resin and reagent used in testing for occult blood.

102
Q

Gynecomastia

A

strictly a male disease and is any growth of the adipose (fatty) and glandular tissue in a male breast; Not always abnormal, but excess growth.

103
Q

Hematoma

A

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

104
Q

Hematuria

A

the discharge of blood in the urine

105
Q

Hygiene

A

conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness.

106
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

the swelling of the kidneys when urine flow is obstructed in any or part of the urinary tract.

107
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Abnormally increased arterial carbon dioxide tension.

108
Q

Hyperplasia

A

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer.

109
Q

Hypertension

A

HBP; High Blood Pressure

110
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in volume of a tissue or organ produced entirely by enlargement of existing cell

111
Q

Hypotension

A

low blood pressure

112
Q

Hypoxemia

A

inadequate oxygenation of the blood

113
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues.

114
Q

Idiosyncratic Reaction

A

an uncommon response to a drug because of a genetic predisposition. (IDR)

115
Q

Ileostomy

A

surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin. Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy and is collected in an external pouching system stuck to the skin

116
Q

Incontinence

A

Lack of moderation or self-control

117
Q

Intradermal

A

ID; within the dermis

118
Q

Intramuscular

A

IM; within the muscle

119
Q

Intravenous

A

IV; within the vein

120
Q

Integument

A

a tough outer protective layer; the skin

121
Q

Keloid

A

A raised scar after an injury has healed.

122
Q

Laceration

A

a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.

123
Q

Lateral

A

of, at, toward, or from the side or sides.

124
Q

Lumen

A

the cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, as a blood vessel or the intestine.

125
Q

Maceration

A

the softening of a solid by soaking

126
Q

Malignant

A

(of a disease) very virulent or infectious

127
Q

Medial

A

pertaining to or situated toward the midline

128
Q

Melanoma

A

a tumor arising from the melanocytic system of the skin and other organs

129
Q

Micturition

A

the act of passing urine; urination.

130
Q

Murmur

A

a recurring sound heard in the heart through a stethoscope in auscultation that is usually a sign of disease or damage.

131
Q

Narcotic

A

a chemical agent that induces stupor, coma, or insensibility to pain

132
Q

Nebulizer

A

a drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs

133
Q

Necrosis

A

Pathologic death of one or more cells, or of a portion of tissue or organ, resulting from irreversible damage

134
Q

Neuropathy

A

A disease or abnormality of the nervous system

135
Q

Nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

136
Q

Nosocomial

A

pertaining to or originating in a hospital

137
Q

Oliguria

A

diminished urine secretion in relation to fluid intake

138
Q

Opthalmic

A

of, relating to, or resembling the eye

139
Q

Orifice

A

An opening, especially to a cavity or passage of the body; a mouth or vent.

140
Q

Orthopnea

A

shortness of breath while lying flat

141
Q

Orthostatic Hypertension

A

a medical condition consisting of a sudden increase in blood pressure when a person stands up

142
Q

Otoscope

A

a medical device which is used to look into the ears

143
Q

Oximetry

A

measurement of oxygen saturation of the blood using an oximeter

144
Q

Oxygen Saturation

A

the concentration of oxygen in the blood

145
Q

Pallor

A

an unhealthy pale appearance

146
Q

Palpation

A

method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination

147
Q

Papule

A

a small, raised, solid pimple or swelling, often forming part of a rash on the skin and typically inflamed but not producing pus

148
Q

Paradoxical Reaction

A

an effect of medical treatment, usually a drug, opposite to the effect which would normally be expected

149
Q

Parenteral

A

some route other than through the alimentary canal, such as by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrasternal, or intravenous injection

150
Q

Patent

A

open, unobstructed, not closed, apparent, evident.

151
Q

Peristalsis

A

The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation

152
Q

Petechiae

A

Minute hemorrhagic spots, of pinpoint to pinhead size, in the skin, which are not blanched by pressure

153
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

154
Q

Phlebotomy

A

the practice of drawing blood from patients and taking the blood specimens to the laboratory to prepare for testing

155
Q

Polypharmacy

A

the use of four or more medications by a patient

156
Q

Polyuria

A

production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine

157
Q

Prone

A

With the front (or ventral) surface downward. To lie prone is to lie face downward. Prone is as opposed to supine.

158
Q

Proteinuria

A

The presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine, which may indicate damage to the kidneys.

159
Q

Proximal

A

situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.

160
Q

Pruritus

A

Severe itching of the skin, as a symptom of various ailments.

161
Q

Psoriasis

A

A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches.

162
Q

Pulse

A

The rhythmic dilation of an artery that results from beating of the heart.

163
Q

Pulse Deficit

A

the absence of palpable pulse waves in a peripheral artery for one or more heart beats, as is often seen in atrial fibrillation

164
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure readings

165
Q

Purulent

A

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus.

166
Q

Pus

A

a protein-rich liquid inflammation product made up of leukocytes, cellular debris, and a thin fluid called liquor puris.

167
Q

Respirations

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells

168
Q

Sclera

A

A portion of the fibrous layer forming the outer envelope of the eyeball, except for its anterior sixth, which is the cornea.

169
Q

Sepsis

A

a bacterial infection in the bloodstream or body tissues; result of septicemia

170
Q

Septicemia

A

the presence of infective agents or their toxins in the bloodstream, popularly known as blood poisoning

171
Q

Serous

A

pertaining to serum; thin and watery, like serum released by serous glands filling the body cavity, enriched with protein and water.

172
Q

Sputum

A

a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract

173
Q

Standard Precautions

A

guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for reducing the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens in hospitals

174
Q

Stasis

A

Stagnation of the blood or other fluids.

175
Q

Stenosis

A

an abnormal narrowing or contraction of a duct or canal

176
Q

Sterile

A

Free from all live bacteria or other microorganisms and their spores; inability to reproduce

177
Q

Stoma

A

an incised mouth like opening that is kept open for drainage or other purposes,

178
Q

Stool

A

A discharging of the bowels.

179
Q

Supine

A

lying with the face upward, or on the dorsal surface; as opposed to prone

180
Q

Tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid heart rate, usually taken to be over 100 beats per minute

181
Q

Tachypnea

A

very rapid respiration

182
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein with blood clot formation inside the vein at the site of the inflammation

183
Q

Transfusion

A

process of transferring whole blood or blood components from one person (donor) to another (recipient)

184
Q

Umbilicus

A

the (usually) depressed scar marking the site where the umbilical cord entered the fetus; called also navel

185
Q

Urostomy

A

Surgical construction of an artificial excretory opening from the urinary tract.

186
Q

Urticaria

A

A skin condition characterized by welts that itch intensely, caused by an allergic reaction, an infection, or a nervous condition. Also called hives, nettle rash.

187
Q

Vertigo

A

A sensation of irregular or whirling motion, either of oneself or of external objects, often caused by inner ear disease.

188
Q

Vital Signs

A

The rates or values indicating an individual’s pulse, temperature, respiration, and blood pressure

189
Q

Void

A

To evacuate urine or feces; excrete

190
Q

Vomitus

A

Vomited matter.

RNSG 1125 (2 decks)

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