Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology Final Exam > Medical Terminology Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chapter 13 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acr/o

A

extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

glyc/o

A

glucose, sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gonad/o

A

gonad, sex glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

-ism

A

condition, state of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pineal/o

A

pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

poly-

A

many

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

somat/o

A

body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acromegaly

A

rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

addison’s disease

A

occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflammation of the adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

aldosteronism

A

abnormality of the electrolyte balance that is caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland, helps control blood pressure by reducing amount of water excreted through kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

calcitonin

A

produced by thyroid gland, hormone that works with parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in bones and teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

disorder of the adrenal glands that is caused by excessive production of aldosterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cortisol

A

hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory action. Helps regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cretinism

A

congenital form of hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cushing’ syndrome

A

caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

uncommon disorder caused by an insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone ADH or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

most common endocrine system disease, group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in body’s production of insulin or ability to use it properly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

electrolytes

A

mineral substances- calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium- found in blood and other bodily fluids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenaline, stiumates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear.

31
Q

estrogen

A

hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle.

32
Q

exophthalmos

A

an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

33
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in the ovaries of the female and sperm in testicles

34
Q

fructosamine test

A

form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies.

35
Q

gigantism

A

abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty.

36
Q

glucagon

A

hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose in bloodstream. Increased glucose level by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose for release into bloodstream.

37
Q

glucose

A

blood sugar, basic form of energy used by body

38
Q

Graves’ disease

A

disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone.

39
Q

growth hormone

A

regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues. (somatotropic hormone)

40
Q

gynecomastia

A

condition of excessive mammary development in the male.

41
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland.

42
Q

hypercalcemia

A

abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in bones and teeth.

43
Q

hyperglycemia

A

abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

44
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

condition of excessive secretion of insulin in bloodstream

45
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism

46
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

thyrotoxicosis, overproduction of thyroid hormones

47
Q

hypoglycemia

A

abnormally low concentrations of glucose in the blood

48
Q

hypothyroidism

A

underactive thyroid caused by deficiency of thyroid secretion

49
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream

50
Q

insulinoma

A

benign tumor of the pancreas that cause hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin

51
Q

ketosis

A

normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking

52
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands.

53
Q

leptin

A

protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite

54
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

stimulates ovulation in female and secretion of testosterone in male.

55
Q

myxedema

A

adult hypothyroidism, caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion

56
Q

norepinephrine

A

both a hormone and neurohormone

57
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

58
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

59
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

surgical removal of one or more parathyroid gland to control hyperparathyroidism

60
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

pituitary tumor

61
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirsty

62
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

63
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

64
Q

prediabetes

A

condition in which the blood glucose level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes.

65
Q

progesterone

A

hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary.

66
Q

prolactinoma

A

benign tumor of the pituitary gland

67
Q

puberty

A

process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing.

68
Q

radioactive iodine treatment

A

oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells. Used to treat thyroid cancer and chronic hyperthyroid disorders such as Graves’ disease.

69
Q

steroids

A

large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat soluble chemical structure

70
Q

testosterone

A

steroid hormone secreted by testicles and adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics.

71
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical removal of the thymus gland

72
Q

thymitis

A

Inflammation of the thymus gland.

73
Q

thymosin

A

an important part of immune system stimulates maturation of lymphocytes into T cells.

74
Q

thyroxine

A

one of primary hormones secreted by thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect growth and rate of function in other body systems.

Medical Terminology Final Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions