Medical Terminology Chapter 13 Flashcards
acr/o
extremities
adren/o
adrenal glands
crin/o
secrete
-dipsia
thirst
glyc/o
glucose, sugar
gonad/o
gonad, sex glands
-ism
condition, state of
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
parathyroid glands
pineal/o
pineal gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
poly-
many
somat/o
body
thym/o
thymus gland
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
acromegaly
rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities
addison’s disease
occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.
adrenalitis
inflammation of the adrenal glands
aldosteronism
abnormality of the electrolyte balance that is caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone
secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland, helps control blood pressure by reducing amount of water excreted through kidneys.
calcitonin
produced by thyroid gland, hormone that works with parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in bones and teeth.
Conn’s syndrome
disorder of the adrenal glands that is caused by excessive production of aldosterone.
cortisol
hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory action. Helps regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
cretinism
congenital form of hypothyroidism
Cushing’ syndrome
caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
diabetes insipidus
uncommon disorder caused by an insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone ADH or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone.
diabetes mellitus
most common endocrine system disease, group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in body’s production of insulin or ability to use it properly.
diabetic retinopathy
occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina.
electrolytes
mineral substances- calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium- found in blood and other bodily fluids.
epinephrine
adrenaline, stiumates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear.
estrogen
hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle.
exophthalmos
an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
follicle-stimulating hormone
stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in the ovaries of the female and sperm in testicles
fructosamine test
form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies.
gigantism
abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty.
glucagon
hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose in bloodstream. Increased glucose level by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose for release into bloodstream.
glucose
blood sugar, basic form of energy used by body
Graves’ disease
disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone.
growth hormone
regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues. (somatotropic hormone)
gynecomastia
condition of excessive mammary development in the male.
Hashimoto’s disease
chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland.
hypercalcemia
abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in bones and teeth.
hyperglycemia
abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
hyperinsulinism
condition of excessive secretion of insulin in bloodstream
hyperpituitarism
excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
hyperthyroidism
thyrotoxicosis, overproduction of thyroid hormones
hypoglycemia
abnormally low concentrations of glucose in the blood
hypothyroidism
underactive thyroid caused by deficiency of thyroid secretion
insulin
hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream
insulinoma
benign tumor of the pancreas that cause hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin
ketosis
normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands.
leptin
protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite
luteinizing hormone
stimulates ovulation in female and secretion of testosterone in male.
myxedema
adult hypothyroidism, caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion
norepinephrine
both a hormone and neurohormone
oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
parathyroidectomy
surgical removal of one or more parathyroid gland to control hyperparathyroidism
pituitary adenoma
pituitary tumor
polydipsia
excessive thirsty
polyphagia
excessive hunger
polyuria
excessive urination
prediabetes
condition in which the blood glucose level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes.
progesterone
hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary.
prolactinoma
benign tumor of the pituitary gland
puberty
process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing.
radioactive iodine treatment
oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells. Used to treat thyroid cancer and chronic hyperthyroid disorders such as Graves’ disease.
steroids
large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat soluble chemical structure
testosterone
steroid hormone secreted by testicles and adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics.
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus gland
thymitis
Inflammation of the thymus gland.
thymosin
an important part of immune system stimulates maturation of lymphocytes into T cells.
thyroxine
one of primary hormones secreted by thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect growth and rate of function in other body systems.
