Medical terminology and planes Flashcards
Standard anatomical position
-A specific orientation used when describing anatomy
-Standing upright
-Arms down by side
-Palms/forearms facing forward
-Soles of feet on floor
-Can also be considered when lying on back (supine position)
-Everything relates back to the normal anatomical position
-Planes of the body
-Relative location of structure
-Movements
-X-ray/patient positioning
-Essential to use appropriate and correct terminology to avoid confusion.
superior
above
inferior
below
anterior
in front of/ front of structure
posterior/ dorsal
behind/ back of structure
distal
further away from
cranial
towards head
medial
closer to the body
lateral
away from the body/ midline
caudal
towards the feet
palmer/ volar
palm/front surface of the hand
plantar
sole of foot
What is abduction?
movement away from the midline
What is adduction?
movement towards the midline
Rotation
turning around an axis
What is circumduction?
circular movement around a joint
What is flexion?
reducing angle of joint (bending)
What is extension?
Increasing angle at a joint (extending)
What is supination?
turning upwards (towards SAP)
What is pronation?
turning downwards (away from SAP)
What position is erect?
standing
What position is supine?
lying on back
What position is prone?
lying on the front
What position is left/right lateral recumbent/decubitus?
lying on the side (side is the one being layed on)
what does osteo- refer to?
Bone
What does pulmo- refer to?
Lung
What does haem- refer to?
Blood
What does cardi-o-myo refer to?
Heart muscle
