Medical Terminology and Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

toward the front of the body

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2
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

toward the back of the body

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3
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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4
Q

Lateral

A

toward the side of the body

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point

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6
Q

Distal

A

farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point

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7
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

above; toward the head

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8
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

below; toward the lower end of the spine

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9
Q

Superficial (external)

A

closer to the surface of the body

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10
Q

Deep (internal)

A

closer to the center of the body

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11
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

cuts through the midline of the body from front to back and divides the body into right and left sections

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12
Q

Frontal (coronal) Plane

A

cuts at a right angle to the midline cut, from side to side, and divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

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13
Q

Transverse (horizontal) (axial) Plane

A

cuts horizontally through the body and separates the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections

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14
Q

4 Categories of the Structures of the Human Body

A

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems

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15
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Forms the boundary of the cell

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Makes up the body of the cell

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17
Q

Nucleus

A

Small, round structure in the center of the cell

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18
Q

Chromosomes

A

Located in the nucleus; contain genes that determine hereditary characteristics

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19
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Found in the skin, lining of the blood vessels, respiratory, intestinal, urinary tracts, and other body systems

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20
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid- contained within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis

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21
Q

Mitosis

A

Cells divide and multiply to form two cells

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22
Q

Derm/o

A

skin (integumentary)

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23
Q

Dermat/o

A

skin (integumentary)

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24
Q

Hidr/o

A

sweat, perspiration (integumentary)

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25
Q

Kerat/o

A

keratin, horny layer of skin (integumentary)

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26
Q

Melan/o

A

dark, black, melanin (integumentary)

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27
Q

Onych/o

A

nail (integumentary)

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28
Q

Seb/o

A

sebum, sebaceous gland (integumentary)

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29
Q

Trich/o

A

Hair (integumentary)

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30
Q

Arthr/o

A

joint (musculoskeletal)

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31
Q

Burs/o

A

bursa, sac of fluid near joint (musculoskeletal)

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32
Q

Chondr/o

A

cartilage (musculoskeletal)

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33
Q

Erg/o

A

work (musculoskeletal)

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34
Q

Fasci/o

A

fascia (musculoskeletal)

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35
Q

in/o

A

fiber (musculoskeletal)

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36
Q

Kin/i, kinesi/o

A

movement (musculoskeletal)

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37
Q

Muscul/o

A

muscle (musculoskeletal)

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38
Q

My/o

A

muscle (musculoskeletal)

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39
Q

Meyl/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord (musculoskeletal)

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40
Q

Oste/o

A

bone (musculoskeletal)

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41
Q

Synov/i

A

synovial fluid, joint, or membrane (musculoskeletal)

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42
Q

Ten/o, tendin/o

A

tendon (musculoskeletal)

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43
Q

Ton/o

A

tone; pressure (musculoskeletal)

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44
Q

Bronch/o

A

bronchus (respiratory)

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45
Q

Laryng/o

A

larynx (respiratory)

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46
Q

Pharyng/o

A

pharynx (respiratory)

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47
Q

Phren/o

A

diaphragm (respiratory)

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48
Q

Phrenic/o

A

phrenic nerve (respiratory)

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49
Q

Pleur/o

A

pleura (respiratory)

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50
Q

Pneumon/o

A

lung (respiratory)

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51
Q

pneum/o, pneumat/o

A

air, gas; respiration, lung (respiratory)

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52
Q

Pulm/o, pulmon/o

A

lung (respiratory)

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53
Q

Rhin/o

A

nose (respiratory)

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54
Q

Spir/o

A

breathing (respiratory)

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55
Q

Trache/o

A

trachea (respiratory)

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56
Q

Angi/o

A

vessel (cardiovascular)

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57
Q

Aort/o

A

aorta (cardiovascular)

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58
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery (cardiovascular)

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59
Q

Arteriol/o

A

arteriole (cardiovascular)

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60
Q

Atri/o

A

Atrium (cardiovascular)

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61
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart (cardiovascular)

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62
Q

Phleb/o

A

vein (cardiovascular)

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63
Q

Valv/o, valvul/o

A

valve (cardiovascular)

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64
Q

Vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel, duct

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65
Q

Ven/o, ven/i

A

vein

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66
Q

Ventricul/o

A

cavity, ventricle

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67
Q

Erythr/o, erythrocyt/o

A

red blood cell (hemic and lymphatic system)

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68
Q

Hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood (hemic and lymphatic system)

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69
Q

Immun/o

A

immunity, immune system (hemic and lymphatic system)

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70
Q

Leuk/o, leukocyte/o

A

white blood cells (hemic and lymphatic system)

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71
Q

Lymph/o

A

lymph, lymphatic system (hemic and lymphatic system)

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72
Q

Lymphaden/o

A

lymph node (hemic and lymphatic system)

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73
Q

Lymphangi/o

A

lymphatic vessel (hemic and lymphatic system)

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74
Q

Splen/o

A

Spleen (hemic and lymphatic system)

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75
Q

Thromb/o

A

blood clot (hemic and lymphatic system)

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76
Q

Thrombocyt/o

A

platelet, thrombocyte (hemic and lymphatic system)

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77
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus gland (hemic and lymphatic system)

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78
Q

Tonsil/o

A

tonsil (hemic and lymphatic system)

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79
Q

Bucc/o

A

cheek (digestive system)

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80
Q

Chol/e, chol/o

A

bile, gall (digestive system)

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81
Q

Cholangi/o

A

bile duct (digestive system)

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82
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder (digestive system)

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83
Q

Choledoch/o

A

common bile duct (digestive system)

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84
Q

Enter/o

A

intestine (digestive system)

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85
Q

Gastr/o

A

stomach (digestive system)

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86
Q

Gloss/o

A

tongue (digestive system)

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87
Q

Hepat/o

A

liver (digestive system)

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88
Q

Labi/o

A

Lip (digestive system)

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89
Q

Lingu/o

A

tongue (digestive system)

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90
Q

Or/o

A

mouth (digestive system)

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91
Q

Proct/o

A

rectum (digestive system)

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92
Q

Sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct (digestive system)

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93
Q

Stoma, stomat/o

A

stomach (digestive system)

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94
Q

Uvul/o

A

uvula (digestive system)

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95
Q

Cali/o, calic/o

A

calyx (urinary system)

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96
Q

Cyst/o

A

urinary bladder (urinary system)

97
Q

Glomerul/o

A

glomerulus (urinary system)

98
Q

Nephr/o

A

kidney (urinary system)

99
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis (urinary system)

100
Q

Ren/o

A

kidney (urinary system)

101
Q

Ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract (urinary system)

102
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter (urinary system)

103
Q

Urethr/o

A

urethra (urinary system)

104
Q

Urin/o

A

urine

105
Q

Vesic/o

A

urinary bladder (urinary system)

106
Q

Epididym/o

A

Epididymis (male reproductive system)

107
Q

Orchi/o, orchid/o

A

testis (male reproductive system)

108
Q

Osche/o

A

Scrotum (male reproductive system)

109
Q

Prostat/o

A

Prostate (male reproductive system)

110
Q

semin/o

A

Semen (male reproductive system)

111
Q

Sperm/o, spermat/o

A

semen, spermatozoa (male reproductive system)

112
Q

Test/o

A

testis, testicle (male reproductive system)

113
Q

Vas/o

A

vas deferens, ductus deferens; also vessel; duct (male reproductive system)

114
Q

Vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicle (male reproductive system)

115
Q

Colp/o

A

vagina (female reproductive system)

116
Q

Episi/o

A

vulva (female reproductive system)

117
Q

Gyn/o, gynec/o

A

woman (female reproductive system)

118
Q

Hyster/o

A

uterus (female reproductive system)

119
Q

Mast/o

A

breast, mammary gland (female reproductive system)

120
Q

Men/o, metr/i

A

menstruation (female reproductive system)

121
Q

Metr/o, metr/i

A

uterus (female reproductive system)

122
Q

O/o

A

ovum, egg cell (female reproductive system)

123
Q

Oophor/o

A

ovary (female reproductive system)

124
Q

Ov/o, ovul/o

A

ovum, egg cell (female reproductive system)

125
Q

Salping/o

A

oviduct, tube (female reproductive system)

126
Q

Adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland, epinephrine (endocrine system)

127
Q

Adrenocortic/o

A

Adrenal Cortex (endocrine system)

128
Q

Endocrine/o

A

endocrine glands or system (endocrine system)

129
Q

Hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland, hypophysis (endocrine system)

130
Q

Insul/o

A

pancreatic islets (endocrine system)

131
Q

Parathyr/o, parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid gland (endocrine system)

132
Q

Pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland, hypophysis (endocrine system)

133
Q

Thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland (endocrine system)

134
Q

Cerebr/o

A

cerebrum (nervous system)

135
Q

Cortic/o

A

Cerebral cortex, outer portion (nervous system)

136
Q

Encephal/o

A

brain (nervous system)

137
Q

Gangli/o, ganglion/o

A

Ganglion (nervous system)

138
Q

Gli/o

A

Neuroglia cells (nervous system)

139
Q

Medull/o

A

medulla oblongata, medulla (inner section), middle, soft, marrow (nervous system)

140
Q

Mening/o, meninge/o

A

meninges (nervous system)

141
Q

Meyl/o

A

spinal cord (nervous system)

142
Q

Narc/o

A

stupor, numbness, sleep (nervous system)

143
Q

Neur/o, near/i

A

nervous system, nervous tissue, nerve (nervous system)

144
Q

Psych/o

A

mind (nervous system)

145
Q

Radicul/o

A

spinal nerve root (nervous system)

146
Q

Somn/o, somn/i

A

sleep (nervous system)

147
Q

Blephar/o

A

eyelid (special senses)

148
Q

Cochle/o

A

cochlea of inner ear (special senses)

149
Q

Corne/o

A

Cornea (special senses)

150
Q

Dacryocyst/o

A

lacrimal sac (special senses)

151
Q

Myring/o

A

Tympanic membrane (special senses)

152
Q

Ot/o

A

ear (special senses)

153
Q

Phak/o, phac/o

A

lens (special senses)

154
Q

Retin/o

A

retina (special senses)

155
Q

Salping/o

A

tube, Eustachian tube (special senses)

156
Q

Sclera/o

A

Sclera (special senses)

157
Q

Tympan/o

A

tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane (special senses)

158
Q

Location: Ec-, ecto-

A

Prefix: out; outside

159
Q

Location: End/o

A

Prefix: in, within

160
Q

Location: Mes/o

A

Prefix: middle

161
Q

Location: Dextr/o

A

Prefix: right

162
Q

Location: Ab-

A

Prefix: away from

163
Q

Location: Ad-

A

Prefix: Toward, near

164
Q

Location: Dia-

A

Prefix: through, complete

165
Q

Location: Per-

A

Prefix: through

166
Q

Location: Trans-

A

Prefix: through, across

167
Q

Time: Ante-

A

Prefix: before, forward

168
Q

Time: Pre-

A

Prefix: before, in front of

169
Q

Time: Pro-

A

Prefix: before, in front of

170
Q

Time: Post-

A

Prefix: after, behind

171
Q

Number: Mon/o

A

Prefix: one, single

172
Q

Number: Bi-

A

Prefix: two, twice

173
Q

Number: Tri-

A

Prefix: three

174
Q

Number: Quadri-

A

Prefix: four

175
Q

Number: Poly-

A

Prefix: many, much

176
Q

-gram

A

Suffix: a record of data

177
Q

-graph

A

Suffix: instrument for recording date

178
Q

-graphy

A

Suffix: act of recording date

179
Q

-meter

A

Suffix: instrument for measuring

180
Q

-scope

A

Suffix: instrument for viewing or examining

181
Q

-scopy

A

Suffix: examination of

182
Q

-centesis

A

puncture, tap

183
Q

-desis

A

binding, fusion

184
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

185
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

186
Q

-plasty

A

plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction

187
Q

-rraphy

A

surgical repair, suture

188
Q

-stomy

A

surgical creation of an opening

189
Q

-tome

A

instrument for incising (cutting)

190
Q

-tomy

A

incision, cutting

191
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

192
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Inside the skull, or cranium; contains the brain

193
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Inside the Spinal Column contains the spinal cord.

194
Q

Combined cranial and spinal cavities

A

Known as the Dorsal Cavity

195
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

AKA: chest cavity. Contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and thymus

196
Q

Abdominal Caivty

A

Contains the lower portion of the esophagus, the stomach, the intestines (excluding sigmoid colon and rectum), kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters

197
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

contains the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the rectum

198
Q

5 Types of Membranes

A

Mucous Serous Synovial Meninges Cutaneous

199
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

Line the interior walls of organs and tubes that open to the outside of the body. Digestive, Respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems Involved in absorption and secretion

200
Q

Serous Membranes

A

Line cavities thoracic cavity, internal organs. Hinder the spread of infection

201
Q

Synovial Membranes

A

Line joint cavities secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity lubricate the ends of the bones

202
Q

Meninges

A

wishing the dorsal cavity and serve as protective covering for: brain and spinal cord Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

203
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

outer covering of the body. think outer layer of squamous epithelium attached to a thicker underlying layer of connective tissue skin

204
Q

Connective Tissue

A

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

205
Q

Purpose of Integumentary System

A

Protection from injury, fluid loss, and microorganisms temp regulation fluid balance- excretion sensation

206
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

horny layer- outermost layer of the skin

207
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

on the palms and soles- clear layer

208
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Layer of granular cells ( 3rd layer)

209
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

composed of prickle cells (4th layer)

210
Q

Stratum Basale

A

deepest of the five layers, made up of basal cells

211
Q

Stratum Papillare

A

dermis: thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis

212
Q

Stratum Reticulare

A

dermis: thick layer of connective tissue

213
Q

Purpose of the Dermis

A

contains the vessels carrying blood and lymph contains nerve and nerve endings contains glands contains hair follicles

214
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

hypodermis. not layer of skin. made up of adipose- fatty tissue and areolar tissue. prevents loss of body heat anchors the skin to the musculature

215
Q

Cutaneous

A

pertaining to the skin

216
Q

Decubitus

A

pressure ulcer/bedsore

217
Q

Ecchymosis

A

condition in which blood seeps into the skin causing discoloration (bruising)

218
Q

Hypodermic

A

pertaining to the under the skin

219
Q

Intradermal

A

pertaining to within the skin

220
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowness of skin

221
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment that gives color to the skin

222
Q

Melanoma

A

Pigmented tumor of the skin

223
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation with Lice

224
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Pertaining to below the skin

225
Q

Tinea

A

Ringworm (fungal infection of the skin)

226
Q

6 parts of the nail

A

Root (beneath the skin behind the fingernail, produces most of the volume of the nail) Nail bed (white crescent shaped structure; contains the blood vessels, nerves, melanocytes) nail plate (actual fingernail made of keratin) Eponychium (cuticle) (between the skin of the finger and the nail bed Perionychium (skin overlying the nail plate on the edges; where hangnails, ingrown nails, and paronychia’s occur) Hyponychium (junction at the free edge of the nail and skin)

227
Q

Alopecia

A

Loss of hair

228
Q

follicles

A

specialized structures for nail growth

229
Q

Hair follicles

A

Sacs that hold the root of hair fibers

230
Q

Lunula

A

Little moon area of the nail

231
Q

Nail Body

A

visible part of the nail

232
Q

Nail bed

A

skin below the nail- epidermis and dermis

233
Q

Onychitis

A

inflammation of the nail matrix (nail bed)

234
Q

Purpose of the Bones

A

form the skeleton provide chief means of support for the body provide the mechanism for motion protect vital organs produce blood cells store calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium salts

235
Q

Long (Tubular) Bones

A

bones longer than they are wide. found in limbs. ex: femur and humerus

236
Q

Short (Cuboidal) Bones

A

roughly cubed shaped bones such s the bones of the wrist and ankle

237
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

Shaped like sesame seed. short bones formed within the tendons. Patella is the largest

238
Q

Flat Bones

A

consist of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. Have marrow, but lack bone marrow cavity. Ex: Skull and ribs

239
Q

Irregular Bones

A

bones that don’t fit into the other categories. found in face: zygoma. also vertebrae…