Medical Terminology and Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Anterior (ventral)
A
toward the front of the body
2
Q
Posterior (dorsal)
A
toward the back of the body
3
Q
Medial
A
Toward the midline of the body
4
Q
Lateral
A
toward the side of the body
5
Q
Proximal
A
Nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point
6
Q
Distal
A
farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point
7
Q
Superior (cranial)
A
above; toward the head
8
Q
Inferior (caudal)
A
below; toward the lower end of the spine
9
Q
Superficial (external)
A
closer to the surface of the body
10
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Deep (internal)
A
closer to the center of the body
11
Q
Sagittal Plane
A
cuts through the midline of the body from front to back and divides the body into right and left sections
12
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Frontal (coronal) Plane
A
cuts at a right angle to the midline cut, from side to side, and divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.
13
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Transverse (horizontal) (axial) Plane
A
cuts horizontally through the body and separates the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections
14
Q
4 Categories of the Structures of the Human Body
A
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems
15
Q
Cell Membrane
A
Forms the boundary of the cell
16
Q
Cytoplasm
A
Makes up the body of the cell
17
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Nucleus
A
Small, round structure in the center of the cell
18
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Chromosomes
A
Located in the nucleus; contain genes that determine hereditary characteristics
19
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Epithelial Tissue
A
Found in the skin, lining of the blood vessels, respiratory, intestinal, urinary tracts, and other body systems
20
Q
RNA
A
Ribonucleic acid- contained within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis
21
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Mitosis
A
Cells divide and multiply to form two cells
22
Q
Derm/o
A
skin (integumentary)
23
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Dermat/o
A
skin (integumentary)
24
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Hidr/o
A
sweat, perspiration (integumentary)
25
Kerat/o
keratin, horny layer of skin (integumentary)
26
Melan/o
dark, black, melanin (integumentary)
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Onych/o
nail (integumentary)
28
Seb/o
sebum, sebaceous gland (integumentary)
29
Trich/o
Hair (integumentary)
30
Arthr/o
joint (musculoskeletal)
31
Burs/o
bursa, sac of fluid near joint (musculoskeletal)
32
Chondr/o
cartilage (musculoskeletal)
33
Erg/o
work (musculoskeletal)
34
Fasci/o
fascia (musculoskeletal)
35
in/o
fiber (musculoskeletal)
36
Kin/i, kinesi/o
movement (musculoskeletal)
37
Muscul/o
muscle (musculoskeletal)
38
My/o
muscle (musculoskeletal)
39
Meyl/o
bone marrow, spinal cord (musculoskeletal)
40
Oste/o
bone (musculoskeletal)
41
Synov/i
synovial fluid, joint, or membrane (musculoskeletal)
42
Ten/o, tendin/o
tendon (musculoskeletal)
43
Ton/o
tone; pressure (musculoskeletal)
44
Bronch/o
bronchus (respiratory)
45
Laryng/o
larynx (respiratory)
46
Pharyng/o
pharynx (respiratory)
47
Phren/o
diaphragm (respiratory)
48
Phrenic/o
phrenic nerve (respiratory)
49
Pleur/o
pleura (respiratory)
50
Pneumon/o
lung (respiratory)
51
pneum/o, pneumat/o
air, gas; respiration, lung (respiratory)
52
Pulm/o, pulmon/o
lung (respiratory)
53
Rhin/o
nose (respiratory)
54
Spir/o
breathing (respiratory)
55
Trache/o
trachea (respiratory)
56
Angi/o
vessel (cardiovascular)
57
Aort/o
aorta (cardiovascular)
58
arter/o, arteri/o
artery (cardiovascular)
59
Arteriol/o
arteriole (cardiovascular)
60
Atri/o
Atrium (cardiovascular)
61
Cardi/o
Heart (cardiovascular)
62
Phleb/o
vein (cardiovascular)
63
Valv/o, valvul/o
valve (cardiovascular)
64
Vas/o, vascul/o
vessel, duct
65
Ven/o, ven/i
vein
66
Ventricul/o
cavity, ventricle
67
Erythr/o, erythrocyt/o
red blood cell (hemic and lymphatic system)
68
Hem/o, hemat/o
blood (hemic and lymphatic system)
69
Immun/o
immunity, immune system (hemic and lymphatic system)
70
Leuk/o, leukocyte/o
white blood cells (hemic and lymphatic system)
71
Lymph/o
lymph, lymphatic system (hemic and lymphatic system)
72
Lymphaden/o
lymph node (hemic and lymphatic system)
73
Lymphangi/o
lymphatic vessel (hemic and lymphatic system)
74
Splen/o
Spleen (hemic and lymphatic system)
75
Thromb/o
blood clot (hemic and lymphatic system)
76
Thrombocyt/o
platelet, thrombocyte (hemic and lymphatic system)
77
Thym/o
Thymus gland (hemic and lymphatic system)
78
Tonsil/o
tonsil (hemic and lymphatic system)
79
Bucc/o
cheek (digestive system)
80
Chol/e, chol/o
bile, gall (digestive system)
81
Cholangi/o
bile duct (digestive system)
82
Cholecyst/o
gallbladder (digestive system)
83
Choledoch/o
common bile duct (digestive system)
84
Enter/o
intestine (digestive system)
85
Gastr/o
stomach (digestive system)
86
Gloss/o
tongue (digestive system)
87
Hepat/o
liver (digestive system)
88
Labi/o
Lip (digestive system)
89
Lingu/o
tongue (digestive system)
90
Or/o
mouth (digestive system)
91
Proct/o
rectum (digestive system)
92
Sial/o
saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct (digestive system)
93
Stoma, stomat/o
stomach (digestive system)
94
Uvul/o
uvula (digestive system)
95
Cali/o, calic/o
calyx (urinary system)
96
Cyst/o
urinary bladder (urinary system)
97
Glomerul/o
glomerulus (urinary system)
98
Nephr/o
kidney (urinary system)
99
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis (urinary system)
100
Ren/o
kidney (urinary system)
101
Ur/o
urine, urinary tract (urinary system)
102
ureter/o
ureter (urinary system)
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Urethr/o
urethra (urinary system)
104
Urin/o
urine
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Vesic/o
urinary bladder (urinary system)
106
Epididym/o
Epididymis (male reproductive system)
107
Orchi/o, orchid/o
testis (male reproductive system)
108
Osche/o
Scrotum (male reproductive system)
109
Prostat/o
Prostate (male reproductive system)
110
semin/o
Semen (male reproductive system)
111
Sperm/o, spermat/o
semen, spermatozoa (male reproductive system)
112
Test/o
testis, testicle (male reproductive system)
113
Vas/o
vas deferens, ductus deferens; also vessel; duct (male reproductive system)
114
Vesicul/o
seminal vesicle (male reproductive system)
115
Colp/o
vagina (female reproductive system)
116
Episi/o
vulva (female reproductive system)
117
Gyn/o, gynec/o
woman (female reproductive system)
118
Hyster/o
uterus (female reproductive system)
119
Mast/o
breast, mammary gland (female reproductive system)
120
Men/o, metr/i
menstruation (female reproductive system)
121
Metr/o, metr/i
uterus (female reproductive system)
122
O/o
ovum, egg cell (female reproductive system)
123
Oophor/o
ovary (female reproductive system)
124
Ov/o, ovul/o
ovum, egg cell (female reproductive system)
125
Salping/o
oviduct, tube (female reproductive system)
126
Adren/o, adrenal/o
adrenal gland, epinephrine (endocrine system)
127
Adrenocortic/o
Adrenal Cortex (endocrine system)
128
Endocrine/o
endocrine glands or system (endocrine system)
129
Hypophys/o
pituitary gland, hypophysis (endocrine system)
130
Insul/o
pancreatic islets (endocrine system)
131
Parathyr/o, parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland (endocrine system)
132
Pituitar/o
pituitary gland, hypophysis (endocrine system)
133
Thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland (endocrine system)
134
Cerebr/o
cerebrum (nervous system)
135
Cortic/o
Cerebral cortex, outer portion (nervous system)
136
Encephal/o
brain (nervous system)
137
Gangli/o, ganglion/o
Ganglion (nervous system)
138
Gli/o
Neuroglia cells (nervous system)
139
Medull/o
medulla oblongata, medulla (inner section), middle, soft, marrow (nervous system)
140
Mening/o, meninge/o
meninges (nervous system)
141
Meyl/o
spinal cord (nervous system)
142
Narc/o
stupor, numbness, sleep (nervous system)
143
Neur/o, near/i
nervous system, nervous tissue, nerve (nervous system)
144
Psych/o
mind (nervous system)
145
Radicul/o
spinal nerve root (nervous system)
146
Somn/o, somn/i
sleep (nervous system)
147
Blephar/o
eyelid (special senses)
148
Cochle/o
cochlea of inner ear (special senses)
149
Corne/o
Cornea (special senses)
150
Dacryocyst/o
lacrimal sac (special senses)
151
Myring/o
Tympanic membrane (special senses)
152
Ot/o
ear (special senses)
153
Phak/o, phac/o
lens (special senses)
154
Retin/o
retina (special senses)
155
Salping/o
tube, Eustachian tube (special senses)
156
Sclera/o
Sclera (special senses)
157
Tympan/o
tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane (special senses)
158
Location: Ec-, ecto-
Prefix: out; outside
159
Location: End/o
Prefix: in, within
160
Location: Mes/o
Prefix: middle
161
Location: Dextr/o
Prefix: right
162
Location: Ab-
Prefix: away from
163
Location: Ad-
Prefix: Toward, near
164
Location: Dia-
Prefix: through, complete
165
Location: Per-
Prefix: through
166
Location: Trans-
Prefix: through, across
167
Time: Ante-
Prefix: before, forward
168
Time: Pre-
Prefix: before, in front of
169
Time: Pro-
Prefix: before, in front of
170
Time: Post-
Prefix: after, behind
171
Number: Mon/o
Prefix: one, single
172
Number: Bi-
Prefix: two, twice
173
Number: Tri-
Prefix: three
174
Number: Quadri-
Prefix: four
175
Number: Poly-
Prefix: many, much
176
-gram
Suffix: a record of data
177
-graph
Suffix: instrument for recording date
178
-graphy
Suffix: act of recording date
179
-meter
Suffix: instrument for measuring
180
-scope
Suffix: instrument for viewing or examining
181
-scopy
Suffix: examination of
182
-centesis
puncture, tap
183
-desis
binding, fusion
184
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
185
-pexy
surgical fixation
186
-plasty
plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction
187
-rraphy
surgical repair, suture
188
-stomy
surgical creation of an opening
189
-tome
instrument for incising (cutting)
190
-tomy
incision, cutting
191
-tripsy
crushing
192
Cranial Cavity
Inside the skull, or cranium; contains the brain
193
Spinal Cavity
Inside the Spinal Column contains the spinal cord.
194
Combined cranial and spinal cavities
Known as the Dorsal Cavity
195
Thoracic Cavity
AKA: chest cavity. Contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and thymus
196
Abdominal Caivty
Contains the lower portion of the esophagus, the stomach, the intestines (excluding sigmoid colon and rectum), kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters
197
Pelvic Cavity
contains the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the rectum
198
5 Types of Membranes
Mucous Serous Synovial Meninges Cutaneous
199
Mucous Membranes
Line the interior walls of organs and tubes that open to the outside of the body. Digestive, Respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems Involved in absorption and secretion
200
Serous Membranes
Line cavities thoracic cavity, internal organs. Hinder the spread of infection
201
Synovial Membranes
Line joint cavities secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity lubricate the ends of the bones
202
Meninges
wishing the dorsal cavity and serve as protective covering for: brain and spinal cord Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
203
Cutaneous Membrane
outer covering of the body. think outer layer of squamous epithelium attached to a thicker underlying layer of connective tissue skin
204
Connective Tissue
connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood
205
Purpose of Integumentary System
Protection from injury, fluid loss, and microorganisms temp regulation fluid balance- excretion sensation
206
Stratum Corneum
horny layer- outermost layer of the skin
207
Stratum Lucidum
on the palms and soles- clear layer
208
Stratum Granulosum
Layer of granular cells ( 3rd layer)
209
Stratum Spinosum
composed of prickle cells (4th layer)
210
Stratum Basale
deepest of the five layers, made up of basal cells
211
Stratum Papillare
dermis: thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis
212
Stratum Reticulare
dermis: thick layer of connective tissue
213
Purpose of the Dermis
contains the vessels carrying blood and lymph contains nerve and nerve endings contains glands contains hair follicles
214
Subcutaneous tissue
hypodermis. not layer of skin. made up of adipose- fatty tissue and areolar tissue. prevents loss of body heat anchors the skin to the musculature
215
Cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
216
Decubitus
pressure ulcer/bedsore
217
Ecchymosis
condition in which blood seeps into the skin causing discoloration (bruising)
218
Hypodermic
pertaining to the under the skin
219
Intradermal
pertaining to within the skin
220
Jaundice
Yellowness of skin
221
Melanin
Pigment that gives color to the skin
222
Melanoma
Pigmented tumor of the skin
223
Pediculosis
Infestation with Lice
224
Subcutaneous
Pertaining to below the skin
225
Tinea
Ringworm (fungal infection of the skin)
226
6 parts of the nail
Root (beneath the skin behind the fingernail, produces most of the volume of the nail) Nail bed (white crescent shaped structure; contains the blood vessels, nerves, melanocytes) nail plate (actual fingernail made of keratin) Eponychium (cuticle) (between the skin of the finger and the nail bed Perionychium (skin overlying the nail plate on the edges; where hangnails, ingrown nails, and paronychia's occur) Hyponychium (junction at the free edge of the nail and skin)
227
Alopecia
Loss of hair
228
follicles
specialized structures for nail growth
229
Hair follicles
Sacs that hold the root of hair fibers
230
Lunula
Little moon area of the nail
231
Nail Body
visible part of the nail
232
Nail bed
skin below the nail- epidermis and dermis
233
Onychitis
inflammation of the nail matrix (nail bed)
234
Purpose of the Bones
form the skeleton provide chief means of support for the body provide the mechanism for motion protect vital organs produce blood cells store calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium salts
235
Long (Tubular) Bones
bones longer than they are wide. found in limbs. ex: femur and humerus
236
Short (Cuboidal) Bones
roughly cubed shaped bones such s the bones of the wrist and ankle
237
Sesamoid Bones
Shaped like sesame seed. short bones formed within the tendons. Patella is the largest
238
Flat Bones
consist of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. Have marrow, but lack bone marrow cavity. Ex: Skull and ribs
239
Irregular Bones
bones that don't fit into the other categories. found in face: zygoma. also vertebrae...
