Medical Terminology and Anatomy Flashcards
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
toward the back of the body
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral
toward the side of the body
Proximal
Nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point
Distal
farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point
Superior (cranial)
above; toward the head
Inferior (caudal)
below; toward the lower end of the spine
Superficial (external)
closer to the surface of the body
Deep (internal)
closer to the center of the body
Sagittal Plane
cuts through the midline of the body from front to back and divides the body into right and left sections
Frontal (coronal) Plane
cuts at a right angle to the midline cut, from side to side, and divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.
Transverse (horizontal) (axial) Plane
cuts horizontally through the body and separates the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections
4 Categories of the Structures of the Human Body
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems
Cell Membrane
Forms the boundary of the cell
Cytoplasm
Makes up the body of the cell
Nucleus
Small, round structure in the center of the cell
Chromosomes
Located in the nucleus; contain genes that determine hereditary characteristics
Epithelial Tissue
Found in the skin, lining of the blood vessels, respiratory, intestinal, urinary tracts, and other body systems
RNA
Ribonucleic acid- contained within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis
Mitosis
Cells divide and multiply to form two cells
Derm/o
skin (integumentary)
Dermat/o
skin (integumentary)
Hidr/o
sweat, perspiration (integumentary)
Kerat/o
keratin, horny layer of skin (integumentary)
Melan/o
dark, black, melanin (integumentary)
Onych/o
nail (integumentary)
Seb/o
sebum, sebaceous gland (integumentary)
Trich/o
Hair (integumentary)
Arthr/o
joint (musculoskeletal)
Burs/o
bursa, sac of fluid near joint (musculoskeletal)
Chondr/o
cartilage (musculoskeletal)
Erg/o
work (musculoskeletal)
Fasci/o
fascia (musculoskeletal)
in/o
fiber (musculoskeletal)
Kin/i, kinesi/o
movement (musculoskeletal)
Muscul/o
muscle (musculoskeletal)
My/o
muscle (musculoskeletal)
Meyl/o
bone marrow, spinal cord (musculoskeletal)
Oste/o
bone (musculoskeletal)
Synov/i
synovial fluid, joint, or membrane (musculoskeletal)
Ten/o, tendin/o
tendon (musculoskeletal)
Ton/o
tone; pressure (musculoskeletal)
Bronch/o
bronchus (respiratory)
Laryng/o
larynx (respiratory)
Pharyng/o
pharynx (respiratory)
Phren/o
diaphragm (respiratory)
Phrenic/o
phrenic nerve (respiratory)
Pleur/o
pleura (respiratory)
Pneumon/o
lung (respiratory)
pneum/o, pneumat/o
air, gas; respiration, lung (respiratory)
Pulm/o, pulmon/o
lung (respiratory)
Rhin/o
nose (respiratory)
Spir/o
breathing (respiratory)
Trache/o
trachea (respiratory)
Angi/o
vessel (cardiovascular)
Aort/o
aorta (cardiovascular)
arter/o, arteri/o
artery (cardiovascular)
Arteriol/o
arteriole (cardiovascular)
Atri/o
Atrium (cardiovascular)
Cardi/o
Heart (cardiovascular)
Phleb/o
vein (cardiovascular)
Valv/o, valvul/o
valve (cardiovascular)
Vas/o, vascul/o
vessel, duct
Ven/o, ven/i
vein
Ventricul/o
cavity, ventricle
Erythr/o, erythrocyt/o
red blood cell (hemic and lymphatic system)
Hem/o, hemat/o
blood (hemic and lymphatic system)
Immun/o
immunity, immune system (hemic and lymphatic system)
Leuk/o, leukocyte/o
white blood cells (hemic and lymphatic system)
Lymph/o
lymph, lymphatic system (hemic and lymphatic system)
Lymphaden/o
lymph node (hemic and lymphatic system)
Lymphangi/o
lymphatic vessel (hemic and lymphatic system)
Splen/o
Spleen (hemic and lymphatic system)
Thromb/o
blood clot (hemic and lymphatic system)
Thrombocyt/o
platelet, thrombocyte (hemic and lymphatic system)
Thym/o
Thymus gland (hemic and lymphatic system)
Tonsil/o
tonsil (hemic and lymphatic system)
Bucc/o
cheek (digestive system)
Chol/e, chol/o
bile, gall (digestive system)
Cholangi/o
bile duct (digestive system)
Cholecyst/o
gallbladder (digestive system)
Choledoch/o
common bile duct (digestive system)
Enter/o
intestine (digestive system)
Gastr/o
stomach (digestive system)
Gloss/o
tongue (digestive system)
Hepat/o
liver (digestive system)
Labi/o
Lip (digestive system)
Lingu/o
tongue (digestive system)
Or/o
mouth (digestive system)
Proct/o
rectum (digestive system)
Sial/o
saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct (digestive system)
Stoma, stomat/o
stomach (digestive system)
Uvul/o
uvula (digestive system)
Cali/o, calic/o
calyx (urinary system)