Medical Terminology, Anatomy, & Lifespan Development Flashcards
Terms that describe shape, size, color, and function
Descriptive
Terms that honor the person who first discovered or described an anatomical structure, procedure, or instrument
Eponym
Stomato
Mouth
Dento
Teeth
Glosso/Linguo
Tongue
Gingivo
Gums
Encephalo
Brain
Gastro
Stomach
Entero
Intestine
Colo
Large intestine
Procto
Anus/rectum
Hepato
Liver
Nephro/Rene
Kidney
Orchido
Testis
Oophoro
Ovary
Hystero
Uterus
Dermo
Skin
Masto/Mammo
Breast
Osteo
Bones
Cardio
Heart
Cysto
Bladder
Rhino
Nose
Phlebo/Veno
Veins
Pneumo/Pulmo
Lung
Hemo/Emia
Blood
Arterio-
Artery
Brady-
Slow
Cardio-
Heart
Hemo-
Blood
Hyper-
Over, above, beyond
Hypo-
Below, under
Naso-
Nose
Neuro-
Nerve
Oro-
Mouth
Tachy-
Rapid
Thermo-
Heat
Vaso-
Blood vessel
-ectomy
To cut out, remove
-graphy/graph
Recording an image
-gram
The image
-itis
Inflammation
-ology/ologist
To study, specialize in
-osis
Abnormal condition
-ostomy
To make an opening
-otomy
To cut into
-scopy/scopic
To look, observe
-emia
Blood
The location of injuries, signs, and symptoms
Anatomy
When describing anything anatomical, it is assumed that the patient is in the ___
Anatomical Position
Anatomical position
The patient is standing upright, facing forward with arms down at the sides, with the palm of the hands turned forward
Right and left are described from ___
The patient’s perspective
Anterior
The front of the body
Posterior
The back of the body
Midline
Imaginary vertical line that divides the body into right and left halves
Anything towards the midline is ___
Medial
Anything away from the midline is ___
Lateral
Toward the top of the head is ___
Superior
Toward the feet is ___
Inferior
You cannot say something is inferior or superior unless you are ___
Comparing at least two points of reference
Superior and inferior are usually reserved for structures in the ___
Head, neck, and torso
The closest point to the torso is said to be ___
Proximal
The furthest point from the torso is said to be ___
Distal
Proximal and distal must have ___
Two points of reference and two structures that can be compared
Proximal and distal usually describe anatomy related to the ___
Limbs
Supine
Lying face up
Prone
Lying face down
Recovery position
Lying on one’s side
Recovery position is also referred to as ___
Lateral recumbent
Semi-Fowler’s position
Sitting up at an angle
Trendelenburg position
Supine at an angle with feet elevated
The function of the body and its many systems
Physiology
How many major body cavities are there?
4
What are the major body cavities?
Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Houses the brain and its specialized membranes
Cranial cavity
Enclosed by the ribs, holds and protects the lungs, heart, aorta, vena cava, and part of the esophagus
Thoracic cavity
Separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Lies between the chest cavity and the pelvic cavity. Contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, and most of the large intestine
Abdominal cavity
The abdominal cavity is different because it is ___
Not surrounded by bones
Contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs
Pelvic cavity
The pelvic cavity is protected by ___
The bones of the pelvic girdle
The ___ is the main point of reference when describing the abdomen
Navel or umbilicus
When describing the abdomen, it is divided into ___
Quadrants
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Contains most of the liver, the gallbladder, and part of the small and large intestines
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Contains most of the stomach, the spleen, part of the small and large intestines, and part of the liver
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Contains the appendix and part of the small and large intestines
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Contains part of the small and large intestines
Palpate
Examine by feeling with one’s hands
When assessing a patient’s abdominal area, be sure to ___
Palpate the soft areas rear of the abdomen on each side
The soft areas on the abdominal area are located ___
On the flank (posterior), just above (superior) to the pelvic bones
The soft areas on the abdominal area contain the ___
Kidneys
The kidneys are special because ___
They are not contained in the abdominal cavity because they are located behind a membrane that lines the cavity
Any pain or ache in the ___ may involve the kidneys
Back
Most of the ___ are located behind the posterior abdominal cavity membrane
Pancreas, abdominal aorta, and kidneys
The supply of well-oxygenated blood and nutrients to all body systems, especially the vital organs, and the removal of waste
Perfusion
To function properly, all body systems must have adequate ___
Perfusion
The abnormal function of the body or one of its systems due to disease or injury
Pathophysiology
Primary structures associated with the respiratory system
Nose (nasopharynx), mouth (oropharynx), trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and associated muscles related to breathing
Primarily responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
Also warms, filters, and moisturizes the air as it enters the body
Respiratory system
Minimize the possibility of aspiration by blocking off the trachea when we swallow
Epiglottis
The respiratory system is divided into ___
The upper and lower airway tract
The lower airway tract is made of the ___
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, ad the connective tissues that make up the lungs
The upper airway tract is made of the ___
Nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx
Primary muscle of respiration and contracts and relaxes to move air in and out of the lungs
Diaphragm muscle
Respiration is normally controlled by the ___
Automatic nervous system through signals originating deep within the brain stem
___ measure the level of CO2
Specialized receptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries
When the body detects higher levels of CO2 it will ___
Cause the respiratory rate to increase
After air enters the body through the nose and mouth, it passes down the ___ and enters the lungs through the ___. From there the air passes through small passages called ___ and eventually ends up at the ___.
Trachea
Left and right bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
The exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place ___
Deep within the lungs at the alveoli
Good perfusion can be adversely affected if the patient is not able to ___
Take in adequate O2 or eliminate CO2
Primary structures of the circulatory system
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
Carries oxygenated blood to the body
Arterial system
Returns unoxygenated blood to the heart and lungs
Venous system
The main job of the circulatory system
Carry well-oxygenated blood and other nutrients to the body’s cells and assist with the removal of wastes and CO2 from the cells
Receive unoxygenated from the venous system
Atria
Pump oxygenated blood out of the heart
Ventricles
The ___ receives unoxygenated blood from the body
Right atrium
From the right ventricle blood moves to ___
The right ventricle
From the right ventricle blood is pumped to ___
The lungs to pick up O2 and pass off CO2
From the lungs, blood is moved to the ___
Left atrium
From the left atrium, blood is pumped to ___
Left ventricle
Largest strongest chamber in the heart
Left ventricle
Pumps blood to the body
Left ventricle
The heart muscle is called ___
Myocardium
The heart receives blood by way of the ___
Coronary arteries
When the coronary arteries become blocked a ___ can occur
Heart attack
Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is called an ___
Artery
___ have strong muscular walls and are very elastic
Arteries
Arteries can change their ___ depending on the circumstances
Diameter
The smallest arteries are called ___
Arterioles
Any blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart is referred to as a ___
Vein
The walls of veins are not as ___ as those of arteries
Thick or elastic
Some veins have ___ to prevent the backward flow of blood
Valves
The smallest veins are called ___
Venules
Primary structures of the musculoskeletal system include ___
Bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments
The main function of the musculoskeletal system
Provide structure, support, and protection for the body and internal organs and allow for body movement
___ is responsible for the production of disease-fighting white blood cells
Musculoskeletal system
Where are white blood cells created?
Deep within the bone
Number of bones in the adult body
206
Two divisions of the skeletal system
Axial and appendicular skeletons
The axial skeleton comprises the ___
Skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and sternum
The appendicular skeleton comprises the ___
Upper and lower extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdles
Whenever two or more bones come together it is called ___
A joint
Tough fibrous tissues that keep the bones of a joint together
Ligaments
Three types of muscle tissue found in the body
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
The tissues of the muscular system constitute ___ of the body’s weight
40%-50%
The skeletal muscles of the body are ___
Voluntary muscles
Number of separate skeletal muscles
501
Provide for contractions for movement, coordinated support for posture, and heat production
Skeletal muscles
Muscles connect to the bones by way of ___
Tendons
___ exhibit the properties of excitability, will react to nerve stimulus
Skeletal muscles
Once stimulated, ___ are quick to contract and relax, and can instantaneously be ready for another contraction
Skeletal muscles
Primary structures of the nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Main function of the nervous system
Control movement, interpret sensations, regulate body activities, and generate memory and thought
