Medical Terminology, Anatomy, & Lifespan Development Flashcards
1
Q
Terms that describe shape, size, color, and function
A
Descriptive
2
Q
Terms that honor the person who first discovered or described an anatomical structure, procedure, or instrument
A
Eponym
3
Q
Stomato
A
Mouth
4
Q
Dento
A
Teeth
5
Q
Glosso/Linguo
A
Tongue
6
Q
Gingivo
A
Gums
7
Q
Encephalo
A
Brain
8
Q
Gastro
A
Stomach
9
Q
Entero
A
Intestine
10
Q
Colo
A
Large intestine
11
Q
Procto
A
Anus/rectum
12
Q
Hepato
A
Liver
13
Q
Nephro/Rene
A
Kidney
14
Q
Orchido
A
Testis
15
Q
Oophoro
A
Ovary
16
Q
Hystero
A
Uterus
17
Q
Dermo
A
Skin
18
Q
Masto/Mammo
A
Breast
19
Q
Osteo
A
Bones
20
Q
Cardio
A
Heart
21
Q
Cysto
A
Bladder
22
Q
Rhino
A
Nose
23
Q
Phlebo/Veno
A
Veins
24
Q
Pneumo/Pulmo
A
Lung
25
Hemo/Emia
Blood
26
Arterio-
Artery
27
Brady-
Slow
28
Cardio-
Heart
29
Hemo-
Blood
30
Hyper-
Over, above, beyond
31
Hypo-
Below, under
32
Naso-
Nose
33
Neuro-
Nerve
34
Oro-
Mouth
35
Tachy-
Rapid
36
Thermo-
Heat
37
Vaso-
Blood vessel
38
-ectomy
To cut out, remove
39
-graphy/graph
Recording an image
40
-gram
The image
41
-itis
Inflammation
42
-ology/ologist
To study, specialize in
43
-osis
Abnormal condition
44
-ostomy
To make an opening
45
-otomy
To cut into
46
-scopy/scopic
To look, observe
47
-emia
Blood
48
The location of injuries, signs, and symptoms
Anatomy
49
When describing anything anatomical, it is assumed that the patient is in the ___
Anatomical Position
50
Anatomical position
The patient is standing upright, facing forward with arms down at the sides, with the palm of the hands turned forward
51
Right and left are described from ___
The patient's perspective
52
Anterior
The front of the body
53
Posterior
The back of the body
54
Midline
Imaginary vertical line that divides the body into right and left halves
55
Anything towards the midline is ___
Medial
56
Anything away from the midline is ___
Lateral
57
Toward the top of the head is ___
Superior
58
Toward the feet is ___
Inferior
59
You cannot say something is inferior or superior unless you are ___
Comparing at least two points of reference
60
Superior and inferior are usually reserved for structures in the ___
Head, neck, and torso
61
The closest point to the torso is said to be ___
Proximal
62
The furthest point from the torso is said to be ___
Distal
63
Proximal and distal must have ___
Two points of reference and two structures that can be compared
64
Proximal and distal usually describe anatomy related to the ___
Limbs
65
Supine
Lying face up
66
Prone
Lying face down
67
Recovery position
Lying on one's side
68
Recovery position is also referred to as ___
Lateral recumbent
69
Semi-Fowler's position
Sitting up at an angle
70
Trendelenburg position
Supine at an angle with feet elevated
71
The function of the body and its many systems
Physiology
72
How many major body cavities are there?
4
73
What are the major body cavities?
Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
74
Houses the brain and its specialized membranes
Cranial cavity
75
Enclosed by the ribs, holds and protects the lungs, heart, aorta, vena cava, and part of the esophagus
Thoracic cavity
76
Separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
77
Lies between the chest cavity and the pelvic cavity. Contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, and most of the large intestine
Abdominal cavity
78
The abdominal cavity is different because it is ___
Not surrounded by bones
79
Contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs
Pelvic cavity
80
The pelvic cavity is protected by ___
The bones of the pelvic girdle
81
The ___ is the main point of reference when describing the abdomen
Navel or umbilicus
82
When describing the abdomen, it is divided into ___
Quadrants
83
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Contains most of the liver, the gallbladder, and part of the small and large intestines
84
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Contains most of the stomach, the spleen, part of the small and large intestines, and part of the liver
85
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Contains the appendix and part of the small and large intestines
86
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Contains part of the small and large intestines
87
Palpate
Examine by feeling with one's hands
88
When assessing a patient's abdominal area, be sure to ___
Palpate the soft areas rear of the abdomen on each side
89
The soft areas on the abdominal area are located ___
On the flank (posterior), just above (superior) to the pelvic bones
90
The soft areas on the abdominal area contain the ___
Kidneys
91
The kidneys are special because ___
They are not contained in the abdominal cavity because they are located behind a membrane that lines the cavity
92
Any pain or ache in the ___ may involve the kidneys
Back
93
Most of the ___ are located behind the posterior abdominal cavity membrane
Pancreas, abdominal aorta, and kidneys
94
The supply of well-oxygenated blood and nutrients to all body systems, especially the vital organs, and the removal of waste
Perfusion
95
To function properly, all body systems must have adequate ___
Perfusion
96
The abnormal function of the body or one of its systems due to disease or injury
Pathophysiology
97
Primary structures associated with the respiratory system
Nose (nasopharynx), mouth (oropharynx), trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and associated muscles related to breathing
98
Primarily responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
99
Also warms, filters, and moisturizes the air as it enters the body
Respiratory system
100
Minimize the possibility of aspiration by blocking off the trachea when we swallow
Epiglottis
101
The respiratory system is divided into ___
The upper and lower airway tract
102
The lower airway tract is made of the ___
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, ad the connective tissues that make up the lungs
103
The upper airway tract is made of the ___
Nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx
104
Primary muscle of respiration and contracts and relaxes to move air in and out of the lungs
Diaphragm muscle
105
Respiration is normally controlled by the ___
Automatic nervous system through signals originating deep within the brain stem
106
___ measure the level of CO2
Specialized receptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries
107
When the body detects higher levels of CO2 it will ___
Cause the respiratory rate to increase
108
After air enters the body through the nose and mouth, it passes down the ___ and enters the lungs through the ___. From there the air passes through small passages called ___ and eventually ends up at the ___.
Trachea
Left and right bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
109
The exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place ___
Deep within the lungs at the alveoli
110
Good perfusion can be adversely affected if the patient is not able to ___
Take in adequate O2 or eliminate CO2
111
Primary structures of the circulatory system
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
112
Carries oxygenated blood to the body
Arterial system
113
Returns unoxygenated blood to the heart and lungs
Venous system
114
The main job of the circulatory system
Carry well-oxygenated blood and other nutrients to the body's cells and assist with the removal of wastes and CO2 from the cells
115
Receive unoxygenated from the venous system
Atria
116
Pump oxygenated blood out of the heart
Ventricles
117
The ___ receives unoxygenated blood from the body
Right atrium
118
From the right ventricle blood moves to ___
The right ventricle
119
From the right ventricle blood is pumped to ___
The lungs to pick up O2 and pass off CO2
120
From the lungs, blood is moved to the ___
Left atrium
121
From the left atrium, blood is pumped to ___
Left ventricle
122
Largest strongest chamber in the heart
Left ventricle
123
Pumps blood to the body
Left ventricle
124
The heart muscle is called ___
Myocardium
125
The heart receives blood by way of the ___
Coronary arteries
126
When the coronary arteries become blocked a ___ can occur
Heart attack
127
Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is called an ___
Artery
128
___ have strong muscular walls and are very elastic
Arteries
129
Arteries can change their ___ depending on the circumstances
Diameter
130
The smallest arteries are called ___
Arterioles
131
Any blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart is referred to as a ___
Vein
132
The walls of veins are not as ___ as those of arteries
Thick or elastic
133
Some veins have ___ to prevent the backward flow of blood
Valves
134
The smallest veins are called ___
Venules
135
Primary structures of the musculoskeletal system include ___
Bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments
136
The main function of the musculoskeletal system
Provide structure, support, and protection for the body and internal organs and allow for body movement
137
___ is responsible for the production of disease-fighting white blood cells
Musculoskeletal system
138
Where are white blood cells created?
Deep within the bone
139
Number of bones in the adult body
206
140
Two divisions of the skeletal system
Axial and appendicular skeletons
141
The axial skeleton comprises the ___
Skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and sternum
142
The appendicular skeleton comprises the ___
Upper and lower extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdles
143
Whenever two or more bones come together it is called ___
A joint
144
Tough fibrous tissues that keep the bones of a joint together
Ligaments
145
Three types of muscle tissue found in the body
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
146
The tissues of the muscular system constitute ___ of the body's weight
40%-50%
147
The skeletal muscles of the body are ___
Voluntary muscles
148
Number of separate skeletal muscles
501
149
Provide for contractions for movement, coordinated support for posture, and heat production
Skeletal muscles
150
Muscles connect to the bones by way of ___
Tendons
151
___ exhibit the properties of excitability, will react to nerve stimulus
Skeletal muscles
152
Once stimulated, ___ are quick to contract and relax, and can instantaneously be ready for another contraction
Skeletal muscles
153
Primary structures of the nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
154
Main function of the nervous system
Control movement, interpret sensations, regulate body activities, and generate memory and thought
