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EMR > Medical Terminology, Anatomy, & Lifespan Development > Flashcards

Medical Terminology, Anatomy, & Lifespan Development Flashcards

1
Q

Terms that describe shape, size, color, and function

A

Descriptive

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2
Q

Terms that honor the person who first discovered or described an anatomical structure, procedure, or instrument

A

Eponym

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3
Q

Stomato

A

Mouth

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4
Q

Dento

A

Teeth

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5
Q

Glosso/Linguo

A

Tongue

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6
Q

Gingivo

A

Gums

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7
Q

Encephalo

A

Brain

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8
Q

Gastro

A

Stomach

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9
Q

Entero

A

Intestine

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10
Q

Colo

A

Large intestine

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11
Q

Procto

A

Anus/rectum

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12
Q

Hepato

A

Liver

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13
Q

Nephro/Rene

A

Kidney

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14
Q

Orchido

A

Testis

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15
Q

Oophoro

A

Ovary

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16
Q

Hystero

A

Uterus

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17
Q

Dermo

A

Skin

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18
Q

Masto/Mammo

A

Breast

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19
Q

Osteo

A

Bones

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20
Q

Cardio

A

Heart

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21
Q

Cysto

A

Bladder

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22
Q

Rhino

A

Nose

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23
Q

Phlebo/Veno

A

Veins

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24
Q

Pneumo/Pulmo

A

Lung

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25
Q

Hemo/Emia

A

Blood

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26
Q

Arterio-

A

Artery

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27
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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28
Q

Cardio-

A

Heart

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29
Q

Hemo-

A

Blood

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30
Q

Hyper-

A

Over, above, beyond

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31
Q

Hypo-

A

Below, under

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32
Q

Naso-

A

Nose

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33
Q

Neuro-

A

Nerve

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34
Q

Oro-

A

Mouth

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35
Q

Tachy-

A

Rapid

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36
Q

Thermo-

A

Heat

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37
Q

Vaso-

A

Blood vessel

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38
Q

-ectomy

A

To cut out, remove

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39
Q

-graphy/graph

A

Recording an image

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40
Q

-gram

A

The image

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41
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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42
Q

-ology/ologist

A

To study, specialize in

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43
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

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44
Q

-ostomy

A

To make an opening

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45
Q

-otomy

A

To cut into

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46
Q

-scopy/scopic

A

To look, observe

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47
Q

-emia

A

Blood

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48
Q

The location of injuries, signs, and symptoms

A

Anatomy

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49
Q

When describing anything anatomical, it is assumed that the patient is in the ___

A

Anatomical Position

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50
Q

Anatomical position

A

The patient is standing upright, facing forward with arms down at the sides, with the palm of the hands turned forward

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51
Q

Right and left are described from ___

A

The patient’s perspective

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52
Q

Anterior

A

The front of the body

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53
Q

Posterior

A

The back of the body

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54
Q

Midline

A

Imaginary vertical line that divides the body into right and left halves

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55
Q

Anything towards the midline is ___

A

Medial

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56
Q

Anything away from the midline is ___

A

Lateral

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57
Q

Toward the top of the head is ___

A

Superior

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58
Q

Toward the feet is ___

A

Inferior

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59
Q

You cannot say something is inferior or superior unless you are ___

A

Comparing at least two points of reference

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60
Q

Superior and inferior are usually reserved for structures in the ___

A

Head, neck, and torso

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61
Q

The closest point to the torso is said to be ___

A

Proximal

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62
Q

The furthest point from the torso is said to be ___

A

Distal

63
Q

Proximal and distal must have ___

A

Two points of reference and two structures that can be compared

64
Q

Proximal and distal usually describe anatomy related to the ___

A

Limbs

65
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up

66
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

67
Q

Recovery position

A

Lying on one’s side

68
Q

Recovery position is also referred to as ___

A

Lateral recumbent

69
Q

Semi-Fowler’s position

A

Sitting up at an angle

70
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Supine at an angle with feet elevated

71
Q

The function of the body and its many systems

A

Physiology

72
Q

How many major body cavities are there?

A

4

73
Q

What are the major body cavities?

A

Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

74
Q

Houses the brain and its specialized membranes

A

Cranial cavity

75
Q

Enclosed by the ribs, holds and protects the lungs, heart, aorta, vena cava, and part of the esophagus

A

Thoracic cavity

76
Q

Separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

77
Q

Lies between the chest cavity and the pelvic cavity. Contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

A

Abdominal cavity

78
Q

The abdominal cavity is different because it is ___

A

Not surrounded by bones

79
Q

Contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs

A

Pelvic cavity

80
Q

The pelvic cavity is protected by ___

A

The bones of the pelvic girdle

81
Q

The ___ is the main point of reference when describing the abdomen

A

Navel or umbilicus

82
Q

When describing the abdomen, it is divided into ___

A

Quadrants

83
Q

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A

Contains most of the liver, the gallbladder, and part of the small and large intestines

84
Q

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

Contains most of the stomach, the spleen, part of the small and large intestines, and part of the liver

85
Q

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

Contains the appendix and part of the small and large intestines

86
Q

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

Contains part of the small and large intestines

87
Q

Palpate

A

Examine by feeling with one’s hands

88
Q

When assessing a patient’s abdominal area, be sure to ___

A

Palpate the soft areas rear of the abdomen on each side

89
Q

The soft areas on the abdominal area are located ___

A

On the flank (posterior), just above (superior) to the pelvic bones

90
Q

The soft areas on the abdominal area contain the ___

A

Kidneys

91
Q

The kidneys are special because ___

A

They are not contained in the abdominal cavity because they are located behind a membrane that lines the cavity

92
Q

Any pain or ache in the ___ may involve the kidneys

A

Back

93
Q

Most of the ___ are located behind the posterior abdominal cavity membrane

A

Pancreas, abdominal aorta, and kidneys

94
Q

The supply of well-oxygenated blood and nutrients to all body systems, especially the vital organs, and the removal of waste

A

Perfusion

95
Q

To function properly, all body systems must have adequate ___

A

Perfusion

96
Q

The abnormal function of the body or one of its systems due to disease or injury

A

Pathophysiology

97
Q

Primary structures associated with the respiratory system

A

Nose (nasopharynx), mouth (oropharynx), trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and associated muscles related to breathing

98
Q

Primarily responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory system

99
Q

Also warms, filters, and moisturizes the air as it enters the body

A

Respiratory system

100
Q

Minimize the possibility of aspiration by blocking off the trachea when we swallow

A

Epiglottis

101
Q

The respiratory system is divided into ___

A

The upper and lower airway tract

102
Q

The lower airway tract is made of the ___

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, ad the connective tissues that make up the lungs

103
Q

The upper airway tract is made of the ___

A

Nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx

104
Q

Primary muscle of respiration and contracts and relaxes to move air in and out of the lungs

A

Diaphragm muscle

105
Q

Respiration is normally controlled by the ___

A

Automatic nervous system through signals originating deep within the brain stem

106
Q

___ measure the level of CO2

A

Specialized receptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries

107
Q

When the body detects higher levels of CO2 it will ___

A

Cause the respiratory rate to increase

108
Q

After air enters the body through the nose and mouth, it passes down the ___ and enters the lungs through the ___. From there the air passes through small passages called ___ and eventually ends up at the ___.

A

Trachea
Left and right bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

109
Q

The exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place ___

A

Deep within the lungs at the alveoli

110
Q

Good perfusion can be adversely affected if the patient is not able to ___

A

Take in adequate O2 or eliminate CO2

111
Q

Primary structures of the circulatory system

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

112
Q

Carries oxygenated blood to the body

A

Arterial system

113
Q

Returns unoxygenated blood to the heart and lungs

A

Venous system

114
Q

The main job of the circulatory system

A

Carry well-oxygenated blood and other nutrients to the body’s cells and assist with the removal of wastes and CO2 from the cells

115
Q

Receive unoxygenated from the venous system

A

Atria

116
Q

Pump oxygenated blood out of the heart

A

Ventricles

117
Q

The ___ receives unoxygenated blood from the body

A

Right atrium

118
Q

From the right ventricle blood moves to ___

A

The right ventricle

119
Q

From the right ventricle blood is pumped to ___

A

The lungs to pick up O2 and pass off CO2

120
Q

From the lungs, blood is moved to the ___

A

Left atrium

121
Q

From the left atrium, blood is pumped to ___

A

Left ventricle

122
Q

Largest strongest chamber in the heart

A

Left ventricle

123
Q

Pumps blood to the body

A

Left ventricle

124
Q

The heart muscle is called ___

A

Myocardium

125
Q

The heart receives blood by way of the ___

A

Coronary arteries

126
Q

When the coronary arteries become blocked a ___ can occur

A

Heart attack

127
Q

Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is called an ___

A

Artery

128
Q

___ have strong muscular walls and are very elastic

A

Arteries

129
Q

Arteries can change their ___ depending on the circumstances

A

Diameter

130
Q

The smallest arteries are called ___

A

Arterioles

131
Q

Any blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart is referred to as a ___

A

Vein

132
Q

The walls of veins are not as ___ as those of arteries

A

Thick or elastic

133
Q

Some veins have ___ to prevent the backward flow of blood

A

Valves

134
Q

The smallest veins are called ___

A

Venules

135
Q

Primary structures of the musculoskeletal system include ___

A

Bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments

136
Q

The main function of the musculoskeletal system

A

Provide structure, support, and protection for the body and internal organs and allow for body movement

137
Q

___ is responsible for the production of disease-fighting white blood cells

A

Musculoskeletal system

138
Q

Where are white blood cells created?

A

Deep within the bone

139
Q

Number of bones in the adult body

A

206

140
Q

Two divisions of the skeletal system

A

Axial and appendicular skeletons

141
Q

The axial skeleton comprises the ___

A

Skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and sternum

142
Q

The appendicular skeleton comprises the ___

A

Upper and lower extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdles

143
Q

Whenever two or more bones come together it is called ___

A

A joint

144
Q

Tough fibrous tissues that keep the bones of a joint together

A

Ligaments

145
Q

Three types of muscle tissue found in the body

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

146
Q

The tissues of the muscular system constitute ___ of the body’s weight

A

40%-50%

147
Q

The skeletal muscles of the body are ___

A

Voluntary muscles

148
Q

Number of separate skeletal muscles

A

501

149
Q

Provide for contractions for movement, coordinated support for posture, and heat production

A

Skeletal muscles

150
Q

Muscles connect to the bones by way of ___

A

Tendons

151
Q

___ exhibit the properties of excitability, will react to nerve stimulus

A

Skeletal muscles

152
Q

Once stimulated, ___ are quick to contract and relax, and can instantaneously be ready for another contraction

A

Skeletal muscles

153
Q

Primary structures of the nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

154
Q

Main function of the nervous system

A

Control movement, interpret sensations, regulate body activities, and generate memory and thought

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