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Acute Care > Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

ORIF

A

Open reduction internal fixation: Surgery to fix severely broken bones as opposed to cast or splint

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2
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis: formation of a blood clot in a deep vein

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3
Q

SCD

A

sequential compression device: improves blood flow in the legs to prevent blood clots

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4
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease: osteoarthritis of the spine, occurs when cartilage and discs stiffen and shrink

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5
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass grafting: procedure to improve poor blood flow to the heart

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6
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack: temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain

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7
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease: occurs when kidneys cease functioning and require long-term dialysis or a kidney transplant

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8
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease: condition in which painful sores or ulcers develop in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum)

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9
Q

R/O

A

ruled out

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10
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure: condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs; common causes are CAD, HTN, and diabetes

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11
Q

AFO

A

ankle foot orthotic

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12
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging: provides more detailed information about soft tissues than CT scans

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13
Q

THR/THA

A

total hip replacement or total hip arthroplasty

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14
Q

CHI

A

closed head injury/concussion

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15
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

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16
Q

SCI

A

spinal cord injury

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17
Q

CT scan

A

computed tomography: uses radiation (X-rays), quicker than MRI scans

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18
Q

ET tube

A

endotracheal tube

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19
Q

TBI

A

traumatic brain injury

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20
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism: condition in which one or more of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs become blocked

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21
Q

PEG

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: long G-tube placed endoscopically; often used as the initial G-tube

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22
Q

PVD

A

peripheral vascular disease: blood circulation disorder that causes blood vessels (arteries or veins) outside the heart and brain to narrow, block or spasm; causes pain and fatigue

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23
Q

PCA

A

patient-controlled analgesia: patient controls the amount of pain medicine/analgesia they receive

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24
Q

TLSO/LSO

A

thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthosis/lumbar-sacral orthosis

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25
Q

PTX

A

pneumothorax: a collapsed lung; occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, pushes on the outside of the lung and makes it collapse

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26
Q

PMV

A

prolonged mechanical ventilation

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27
Q

displaced

A

pulled out of normal alignment

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28
Q

closed vs open

A

closed or simple fracture: doesn’t break the skin

open or compound fracture: skin is torn

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29
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgery to remove tension or pressure; commonly used to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle such as with compartment syndrome

30
Q

metastatic

A

spread to a different body part from where it started

31
Q

DKA

A

diabetic ketoacidosis: body starts breaking down fat at a rate that is much too fast

32
Q

PLIF/TLIF

A

posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF): two types of spinal fusion that utilize a posterior (back area incision) approach to fuse the lumbar spine bones together

33
Q

hydronephrosis

A

swelling of kidney 2/2 build-up of urine; happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction

34
Q

radiculopathy vs myeloradiculopathy

A

radiculopathy: condition due to a compressed nerve in the spine that can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness
myeloradiculopathy: disease of the spinal cord and nerve roots

35
Q

Rankin score

A

stroke

36
Q

RASS

A

Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (typically see patients 2 to -2)

37
Q

thrombus vs embolus

A

thrombus: blood clot forms in the vein
embolus: anything that moves through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass; often a small piece of a blood clot that breaks off (thromboembolus)

38
Q

ischemia

A

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles (myocardial ischemia)

39
Q

CAD/CHD

A

coronary artery disease or coronary heart disease: happens when the arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed

40
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

41
Q

infarction

A

obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or region of tissue, typically by a thrombus or embolus, causing local death of the tissue

42
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spaces within your spine which can put pressure on the nerves;

43
Q

TVR

A

tricuspid valve replacement

44
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications

45
Q

pneumonia

A

infection and inflammation of air sacs in your lungs

46
Q

anemia

A

condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body’s tissues

47
Q

cirrhosis

A

condition that causes scar tissue to gradually replace your healthy liver cells

48
Q

hemiarthroplasty

A

surgical procedure that involves replacing half of the hip joint

49
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs

50
Q

laminectomy

A

a surgical operation to remove the back of one or more vertebrae, usually to give access to the spinal cord or to relieve pressure on nerves

51
Q

hematoma

A

area of blood that collects outside of the larger blood vessels

52
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

tool to assess LOC following TBI

53
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

common complication of TBI

54
Q

osteoarthritis

A

when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time

55
Q

CBC

A

(Complete Blood Count): A count of the various types of cells present in the blood, chiefly: red cells (for carrying oxygen), white cells (for fighting infection), and platelets (for prevention of bleeding).

56
Q

Central Catheter or Broviac

A

a thin, flexible tube (catheter) placed in a larger vein or artery to deliver medications or necessary fluids and nutrients to the body. Broviac catheters are usually placed in the upper chest and tunnel under the skin to enter the vena cava, the large blood vessel in the center of the body carrying blood to the heart. PICC lines (percutaneously inserted central catheters) are usually threaded through a vein in the arm to the vena cava

57
Q

PICC

A

percutaneously inserted central catheters) are usually threaded through a vein in the arm to the vena cava

58
Q

vena cava

A

The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava are very large veins that bring deoxygenated blood to your heart to get oxygen

59
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Leakage of air from the normal passageways of the lung into the space surrounding the lung inside the chest wall, causing a partial or complete collapse of the lung.

60
Q

Pleural effusion

A

A buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and the chest. Fluid can accumulate around the lungs due to poor pumping by the heart or by inflammation.

61
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure - a form of ventilator assistance which helps to keep the baby’s lungs properly expanded. CPAP does not breathe for the baby, but allows the baby to breathe into a “wind.”

62
Q

Echocardiogram

A

A test done to look at the heart using soundwaves through the chest wall. This is much like an ultrasound done during pregnancy and is neither harmful nor painful.

63
Q

IVH

A

Intraventricular hemorrhage: A collection of blood in and around the ventricles (hollow portions) of the brain

64
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellow coloration of the skin and eyes caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a break-down product of red blood cells; it is processed and excreted by the liver. Treatments for jaundice include phototherapy (“bili-lights”) and (rarely) exchange transfusion. Phototherapy helps bilirubin to be excreted into the intestine.

65
Q

Meningitis

A

Infection of the fluid that cushions and surrounds the brain and spinal cord

66
Q

NEC

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis: An infection of the wall of the intestines, which may spread to the blood

67
Q

TPN

A

Total parenteral nutrition: Protein and sometimes fats given along with sugars and salts by vein when the baby cannot tolerate complete feedings by nipple or gavage

68
Q

PDA

A

Patent ductus arteriosus: A small vessel which allows blood to bypass the lungs. This vessel is open while the baby is in the womb, but normally closes shortly after delivery. If the vessel fails to close on its own, special medication or surgery may be needed.

69
Q

RDS

A

Respiratory distress syndrome: A common breathing problem of premature infants caused by insufficient surfactant in the baby’s lung (makes the lungs flexible and keeps them from collapsing)

70
Q

Meningitis

A

Infection of the fluid that cushions and surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

71
Q

Tracheostomy

A

A surgical opening in the trachea, below the larynx (voice box) to allow air to enter the lungs; usually done to by-pass a narrowing in the area immediately below the larynx.

Acute Care (1 decks)

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