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Medical Informatics- AMC PA > Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ab

A

antibody

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2
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas

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3
Q

AC

A

acetyl; actinium

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4
Q

AD

A

to; toward

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5
Q

ad lib.

A

as desired

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6
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacilli

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7
Q

AFP

A

Alfa-fetoprotein

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8
Q

AMA

A

Americal Medical Association

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9
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardial infarction

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10
Q

AP view

A

antero-posterolateral view

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11
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

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12
Q

AS

A

arteriosclerosis

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13
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

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14
Q

ASHD

A

arteriosclerotic heart disease

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15
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

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16
Q

B.I.D., b.i.d.

A

bis in die, twice a day

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17
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

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18
Q

BMR

A

basal metabolic rate

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19
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

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20
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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21
Q

C.

A

contraction, concentration, carbon

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22
Q

CA

A

carcinoma cancer

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23
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

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24
Q

CCU

A

critical care unit

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25
Q

CDC

A

center for disease control

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26
Q

CEA

A

carcinoembryonic antigen; carotid endarterectomy

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27
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

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28
Q

cm.

A

centimeter

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29
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

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30
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstrictive pulmonary disease

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31
Q

CPD

A

cephalopelvic disproportion

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32
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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33
Q

C-section

A

cesarean section

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34
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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35
Q

CT scan

A

computed tornography scan

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36
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

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37
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle

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38
Q

CXR

A

Chest X-ray

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39
Q

D&C

A

Dilation and curettage - procedure in which the neck of the womb (cervix) is expanded and the lining of the uterus is scraped to remove pregnancy tissue or abnormal tissue.

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40
Q

DES

A

diethylstillbestrol - A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogenic compound. Sometimes used as a postcoital antipregnancy agent to prevent implantation of the fertilized oocyte. The first demonstrated transplacental carcinogen responsible for a delayed clear cell vaginal carcinoma in female offspring of mothers who took the drug during pregnancy when the drug was erroneously thought to prevent threatened abortion

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41
Q

diff

A

Differential

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42
Q

DM

A

dopamine - An intermediate in tyrosine metabolism and precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine; neurotransmitter is the peripheral and central nervous systems; depletion of dopamine produces Parkinson disease.

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43
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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44
Q

DO

A

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine

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45
Q

DOB

A

Date of Birth

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46
Q

DOE

A

dyspnea on exertion

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47
Q

DPT

A

diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine).

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48
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

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49
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

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50
Q

EBV

A

epstein-barr virus associated with mononucleosis

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51
Q

ECG

A

electrocardiogram

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52
Q

EKG

A

electrocardiogram

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53
Q

EDC

A

expired date of confinement

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54
Q

EEG

A

elctroencephalogram - record obtained by means of the electroencephalogram

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55
Q

EENT

A

Eye, ear, nose and throat

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56
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram - graphic respresentation of electric currents associated with muscular action

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57
Q

ENT

A

Ears, nose, and throat

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58
Q

EOMI

A

extraocular movements intact ( see eye movement )

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59
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate, electron spine resonance

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60
Q

F.

A

fluorine/function

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61
Q

FACP

A

Fellow of American College of Physicans (ACP)- your doctor provides high quality health care

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62
Q

FACS

A

fluoresence-activated cell sorter - A machine that can separate and analyze cells, such as lymphocytes, which are labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated antibody, by their fluorescence and light scattering patterns.

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63
Q

FDA

A

Food and drug administration of the US Dept of Health and Human Services

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64
Q

FUO

A

fever of unknown origin

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65
Q

FVC

A

forced vital capacity

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66
Q

GC

A

gonorrhea - A contagious catarrhal inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, transmitted chiefly by coitus and due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae; may involve the lower or upper genital tract, especially the urethra, endocervix, and uterine tubes, or spread to the peritoneum and rarely to the heart, joints, or other structures by way of the bloodstream.

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67
Q

GI

A

gingival index / gastrointestinal

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68
Q

gm.

A

gram - Avoid using this obsolete abbreviation. Former abbreviation for gram

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69
Q

gtt.

A

glucose tolerance test

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70
Q

HCG

A

human chorionic genoadotropin

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71
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein

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72
Q

Hg

A

mercury

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73
Q

h.s.

A

before sleep / at bedtime

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74
Q

Hct

A

hemocrit - percentage of volume of a blood sample

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75
Q

ICU

A

intensive care unit

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76
Q

I & D

A

incision and drainage

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77
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

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78
Q

I.V.

A

intervenous

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79
Q

IVP

A

intervenous pyelography or pyelogram

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80
Q

kg.

A

kilogram or 1000grams

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81
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder; archaic term for plain frontal supine radiograph of the abdomen but still used

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82
Q

LAT, lat.

A

lateral

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83
Q

lb.

A

pound

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84
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein

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85
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

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86
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period; left mentoposterior position (cephalif presentation of fetus with chin pointing in this direction)

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87
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

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88
Q

LPN

A

licensed practical nurse

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89
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

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90
Q

mcg.

A

microgram

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91
Q

MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin- the hemoglobin content of the average red blood cell(RBC), calculated from the hemoglobin therein and the RBC count, in RBC indices.

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92
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

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93
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume- the average volume of red cells, calculated from the hematocrit and the red cell count, in erythrocyte indices.

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94
Q

MPV

A

mean platelet volume- average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as part of the CBC

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95
Q

M.D.

A

medical doctor

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96
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

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97
Q

NPO

A

non per os or nil per os, nothing by mouth

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98
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, under drug, aspirin ibuprofen

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99
Q

OA

A

occpitoanterior position

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100
Q

OB

A

obstetrics - speciality of medicine concerned with care of women during pregnancy, parturition and the puerperium

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101
Q

OC

A

oral contraceptive

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102
Q

OD

A

right eye; Doctor of optometry, officer of the day, or overdose, or optic density

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103
Q

OR

A

operating room

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104
Q

Ortho

A

straight or erect (teeth bones)

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105
Q

OS

A

left eye

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106
Q

OU

A

eye

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107
Q

P

A

pupil/probability/protein/phosphorous

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108
Q

PAP

A

Papanicolaou smear

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109
Q

P.E.

A

pulmonary embolism

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110
Q

pH

A

symbol of negative decadic logarithm of H+ ion concentration

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111
Q

PKU

A

phenylketonuria - Autosomal recessively inherited inborn error of metabolism of phenylalanine characterized by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase

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112
Q

PMN

A

polymorphonuclear lekocyte

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113
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, postnasal drip

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114
Q

P.O.

A

per os. by mouth

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115
Q

poly

A

many

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116
Q

p.r.n.

A

L. pro re nata, as the occasion arises, as necessary

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117
Q

PT

A

phsyical therapy

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118
Q

P.T.

A

physical therapist

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119
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

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120
Q

q. 2 hours

A

every 2 hours

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121
Q

qns

A

quantity not sufficient

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122
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell, red blood cell count

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123
Q

REM

A

rapid eye movements, under movement

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124
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant (of abdomen)

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125
Q

R.N.

A

registered nurse

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126
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid

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127
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

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128
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

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129
Q

Rx

A

prescription

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130
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus - an inflammatory connective tissue disease with variable features, frequently including fever, weakness and fatigability, joint pains or arthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis, diffuse erythematous skin lesions on the face, neck, or upper extremities, with liquefaction degeneration of the basal layer and epidermal atrophy, lymphadenopathy, pleurisy or pericarditis, glomerular lesions, anemia, hyperglobulinemia, and a positive LE cell test result, with serum antibodies to nuclear protein and sometimes to double-stranded DNA and other substances

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131
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

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132
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

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133
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

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134
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

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135
Q

t.i.d.

A

times a day

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136
Q

tntc

A

too numerous to count

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137
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition - nutrition maintained entirely by central intravenous injection or other nongastrointestinal route.

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138
Q

TPR

A

total peripheral resistance - the total resistance to flow of blood in the systemic circuit; the quotient produced by dividing the mean arterial pressure by the cardiac minute-volume

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139
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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140
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

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141
Q

UGI

A

upper gastroinestinal series

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142
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

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143
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

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144
Q

UV

A

ultraviolet - denotating electromagnetic rays at higher frequence than the vilet end of visible spectrum

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145
Q

VA

A

ventriculoatrial

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146
Q

VLDL

A

very low desnity lipoprotein

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147
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

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148
Q

WBC

A

whice blood count

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149
Q

Wt.

A

weight

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150
Q

abduct/abductor

A

to move away from the median plane

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151
Q

adduct/ adductor

A

to move toward the median plane

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152
Q

afebrile

A

without fever

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153
Q

amniocentesis

A

transabdominal aspriation of fluid from amniotic sac

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154
Q

anaerobic

A

living without dioxygen

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155
Q

anesthesia

A

loss of bodily sensation resulting from pharmacologic depression of nerve function or from neurogenic

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156
Q

anesthetic

A

a drug that causes temporary loss of bodily sensations

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157
Q

angiogram

A

an X-ray representation of blood vessels made after the injection of a radiopaque substance

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158
Q

angioplasty

A

an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or unblock a coronary artery

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159
Q

antipyretic

A

any medicine that lowers body temperature to prevent or alleviate fever

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160
Q

aphasia

A

inability to use or understand language (spoken or written

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161
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of the vermiform appendix

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162
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

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163
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

sclerosis of the arterial walls

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164
Q

atrophy

A

a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse

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165
Q

bacteremia

A

transient presence of bacteria in circuting blood

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166
Q

biopsy

A

process of removing tissue from patients for diagnostic examination

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167
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heartbeat

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168
Q

carcinogenic

A

causing or tending to cause cancer

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169
Q

carcinoma

A

any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer

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170
Q

cardiologist

A

a specialist in cardiology; a specialist in the structure and function and disorders of the heart

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171
Q

cardiomegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of the heart

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172
Q

cephalic

A

of or relating to the head

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173
Q

colostomy

A

a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus

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174
Q

cryptorchidism

A

failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops

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175
Q

cutaneous

A

relating to or existing on or affecting the skin

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176
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

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177
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters

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178
Q

dermatologist

A

a doctor who specializes in the physiology and pathology of the skin

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179
Q

dermatome

A

he area of skin supplied by cutaneous branches of a single cranial or spinal nerve; neighboring dermatomes can overlap

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180
Q

diplopia

A

visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects

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181
Q

dysphagia

A

condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful

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182
Q

ectopic

A

Out of place; said of an organ not in its proper position, or of a pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus

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183
Q

edema

A

swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells

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184
Q

electroencephalogram

A

a graphical record of electrical activity of the brain; produced by an electroencephalograph

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185
Q

emesis

A

the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth

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186
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis’ is no longer in scientific use

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187
Q

encephalotomy

A

diessction or incision of the brain

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188
Q

erythrocyte

A

a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus

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189
Q

erythrocytosis

A

increase in the number of circulating red cells above the gender-specific normal level.

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190
Q

euthyroid

A

normal thyroid function

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191
Q

excision

A

The act of cutting out; the surgical removal of part or all of a structure or organ.

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192
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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193
Q

hemolysis

A

lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin

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194
Q

hemophilia

A

congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son

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195
Q

hemophiliac

A

someone who has hemophilia and is subject to uncontrollable bleeding

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196
Q

hemorrhage

A

the flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel

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197
Q

hernia

A

rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes

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198
Q

histology

A

the branch of biology that studies the microscopic structure of animal or plant tissues

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199
Q

hyperglycemia

A

abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes

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200
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis

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201
Q

hypersecretion

A

excessive secretion

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202
Q

hyperthermia

A

abnormally high body temperature; sometimes induced (as in treating some forms of cancer

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203
Q

hypocalcemia

A

abnormally low level of calcium in the blood; associated with hypoparathyroidism or kidney malfunction or vitamin D deficiency

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204
Q

hypoglycemia

A

abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet

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205
Q

hypopara- thyroidism

A

eficiency of parathyroid hormone in the body also : the resultant abnormal state marked by low serum calcium and a tendency to chronic tetany.

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206
Q

hyposecretion

A

production of a bodily secretion at an abnormally slow rate or in abnormally small quantities

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207
Q

hypothyroidism

A

an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones

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208
Q

incontinence

A

involuntary urination or defecation

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209
Q

inflammation

A

a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat

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210
Q

intradermal

A

relating to areas between the layers of the skin

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211
Q

intramuscular

A

within a muscle

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212
Q

intravenous

A

within or by means of a vein

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213
Q

leukemia

A

malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer

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214
Q

leukocyte

A

blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body’s defense system

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215
Q

lipoma

A

a tumor consisting of fatty tissue

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216
Q

lithiasis

A

the formation of stones (calculi of biliart or urinary)

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217
Q

lithotripsy

A

The crushing of a stone in the renal pelvis, calyces, ureter, or bladder, by mechanical force, laser, or focused sound energy.

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218
Q

lumpectomy

A

surgical removal of a tumor without removing much of the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes; performed in some cases of breast cancer

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219
Q

lymphatic

A

of or relating to or produced by lymph

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220
Q

malabsorption

A

abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract

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221
Q

malignant

A

dangerous to health; characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor

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222
Q

mammography

A

a diagnostic procedure to detect breast tumors by the use of X rays

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223
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor

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224
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of a breast (or udder

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225
Q

melanoma

A

any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) malignant neoplasm, derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin

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226
Q

mononuclear

A

having only one nucleus

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227
Q

mucoid

A

any of several glycoproteins similar to mucin

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228
Q

mucus

A

protective secretion of the mucous membranes; in the gut it lubricates the passage of food and protects the epithelial cells; in the nose and throat and lungs it can make it difficult for bacteria to penetrate the body through the epithelium

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229
Q

necrosis

A

the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply

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230
Q

neonatology

A

that branch of pediatric medicine concerned with the newborn; the diagnosis and treatment of neonates

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231
Q

neoplasm

A

An abnormal tissue that grows by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal and continues to grow after the stimuli that initiated the new growth cease. Neoplasms show partial or complete lack of structural organization and functional coordination with the normal tissue, and usually form a distinct mass of tissue that may be either benign

232
Q

nephrotic

A

relating to, caused by, or similar to nephrosis

233
Q

neural

A

of or relating to the nervous system

234
Q

neuralgia

A

acute spasmodic pain along the course of one or more nerves

235
Q

neurologist

A

a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it

236
Q

neurosis

A

a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction

237
Q

nullipara

A

a woman who has never borne a child

238
Q

oophorosalphitis

A

inflammation of ovary and oviduct

239
Q

hysterecomy

A

removal of the uterus

240
Q

ophthalmic

A

of or relating to ophthalmology

241
Q

ophthalmologist

A

a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye

242
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

medical instrument for examining the retina of the eye

243
Q

orthopnea

A

form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris

244
Q

osteoarthritis

A

chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age

245
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D

246
Q

otic/ otitis

A

relating to the ear

247
Q

otoscope

A

medical instrument consisting of a magnifying lens and light; used for examining the external ear (the auditory meatus and especially the tympanic membrane

248
Q

pathogenic

A

able to cause disease

249
Q

peritoneal

A

of or relating to or affecting the peritoneum

250
Q

pheresis

A

a procedure in which blood is drawn and separated into its components by dialysis; some are retained and the rest are returned to the donor by transfusion

251
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein (usually in the legs

252
Q

photophobia

A

intolerance of light, abnormal fear of light

253
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction

254
Q

postpartum

A

occurring immediately after birth

255
Q

prepartum

A

before child birth

256
Q

prerenal

A

anterior to the kidney

257
Q

primigravida

A

pre pregnancy

258
Q

proteinuria

A

the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin

259
Q

psychogenic

A

of or relating to the psychological cause of a disorder

260
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle paralysis and weakness

261
Q

pyogenic

A

producing pus

262
Q

pyromaniac

A

a person with a mania for setting things on fire

263
Q

quadriplegic

A

a person who is paralyzed in both arms and both legs

264
Q

sclerosis

A

any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue in intestines

265
Q

subcutaneous

A

relating to or located below the epidermis

266
Q

syndrome

A

combination of symptoms resulting from a single cause or commonly occuring together to constitute a clinical picture

267
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute

268
Q

tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy

269
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils (especially the palatine tonsils

270
Q

tracheostomy

A

operation to make an opening into the trachea

271
Q

tracheotomy

A

operation of incising the trachea, usually intended to be temporary

272
Q

tricuspid

A

having three cusps or points (especially a molar tooth) valve in heart on right side between atrium and ventricle

273
Q

unilateral

A

involving only one part or side

274
Q

xanthosis

A

A yellowish discoloration of degenerating tissues, especially seen in malignant neoplasms.

275
Q

abrasion

A

an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off

276
Q

adrenal

A

either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney

277
Q

anemia

A

a deficiency of red blood cells

278
Q

anterior

A

In human anatomy, denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another, i.e., situated nearer the front part of the body.

279
Q

anterolateral

A

in front and away from middle line

280
Q

anteromedian

A

in front and in the central line

281
Q

anteroposterior

A

in both front and rear

282
Q

anterosuperior

A

in both front and above

283
Q

antibody

A

any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes

284
Q

anticoagulant

A

medicine that prevents or retards the clotting of blood

285
Q

anuria

A

inability to urinate

286
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity

287
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelids characterized by redness and swelling and dried crusts

288
Q

blepharospasm

A

spasm of the eyelid muscle resulting in closure of the eye

289
Q

caudad

A

in a direction towards the tail;situated nearer the tail;

290
Q

centrifuge

A

an apparatus that uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a suspension

291
Q

cephalic

A

of or relating to the head

292
Q

coagulation

A

the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid; clotting

293
Q

contusion

A

an injury that doesn’t break the skin but results in some discoloration breaking capillaries of skin

294
Q

cranial

A

of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain

295
Q

dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of the lacrimal sac causing obstruction of the tube draining tears into the nose

296
Q

dacryolithiasis

A

creation of dacryoliths: which are => Concretions found in the lacrimal apparatus, in the puncta or canaliculi which it may occlude. The concretions are usually composed of epithelial cells, lipid, nonspecific debris as well as calcium.

297
Q

dactylography

A

study of fingerprints

298
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from point of attachment or origin

299
Q

dorsal

A

belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface of an animal or organ or part

300
Q

erythropoietin

A

a glycoprotein secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells

301
Q

exocrine

A

a gland that secretes externally through a duct

302
Q

hematuria

A

the presence of blood in the urine; often a symptom of urinary tract disease

303
Q

hemodialysis

A

dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure

304
Q

homeostasis

A

state if equilibrium

305
Q

hydrocephalus

A

an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain; in infants it can cause abnormally rapid growth of the head and bulging fontanelles and a small face; in adults the symptoms are primarily neurological

306
Q

immunocompromised

A

unable to develop a normal immune response usually because of malnutrition or immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive therapy

307
Q

immunodeficiency

A

immunological disorder in which some part of the body’s immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced

308
Q

incision

A

a depression scratched or carved into a surface

309
Q

inferior

A

situated below or directed downward

310
Q

interstitial

A

relating to spaces or interstices in any structure, tissue or organ but not body cavities

311
Q

intracellular

A

located or occurring within a cell or cells

312
Q

lacrimal

A

of or relating to tears, their secretion, the secretory glands, and the draining apparatus

313
Q

lacrimation

A

secretion of tears, especially in excess

314
Q

laparoscope

A

a slender endoscope inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall in order to examine the abdominal organs or to perform minor surgery

315
Q

lateral

A

on the side, farther from the median

316
Q

leukocytosis

A

an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia

317
Q

leukopenia

A

an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count

318
Q

lymph

A

a clear, transparent, sometimes faintly yellow and slightly opalescent fluid that is collected from the tissues throughout the body, flows in the lympathic vessels and is eventually added to the venous blood circulation

319
Q

medial

A

nearer to the midline of the body

320
Q

midsagittal plane

A

flat surface determined by the position of three points in space => obsolete term, please use median plane

321
Q

mucolytic

A

capable of dissolving, digesting, or liquefying mucus

322
Q

onychomycosis

A

very common fungus infections of the nails, causing thickening, roughness, and splitting often caused by trichophyton rubum

323
Q

pallor

A

unnatural lack of color in the skin (as from bruising or sickness or emotional distress

324
Q

peritoneum

A

a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera

325
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

326
Q

phagocyte

A

a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms

327
Q

plasma

A

the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells

328
Q

platelets

A

tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood; essential for blood clotting

329
Q

posterior

A

denoting the back surface of the body

330
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest to point of attachment or origin

331
Q

retro

A

backward or behind

332
Q

sialography

A

radiography of the salivary glands and ducts after the introduction of contrast medium in the ducts

333
Q

thoracentesis

A

removal of fluid from the chest by centesis for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

334
Q

thoracic/thorax

A

relating to thorax, upper part of trunk between neck and the abdomen

335
Q

thoracotomy

A

surgical incision into the chest walls opening up the pleural cavity

336
Q

thrombopenia

A

a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood

337
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin

338
Q

thrombosis

A

the formation or presence of a thrombus (a clot of coagulated blood attached at the site of its formation

339
Q

umbilical

A

membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta; relating to the umbilicus

340
Q

ventral

A

toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal

341
Q

arthritis / arthralgia

A

inflammation of a joint or state characterized by inflammation of the joint

342
Q

arthrocentesis

A

removal of fluid from a joint by centesis / needle puncture

343
Q

arthrodynia

A

pain in a joint

344
Q

arthroscopy

A

a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint; the surgeon examines the joint with an arthroscope while making repairs through a small incision

345
Q

articulation

A

joint / joining or connecting together loosely to allow motion between parts

346
Q

bursa

A

closed sac or envolope lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid usually found or formed in areas subject to friction

347
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa; frequently in the shoulder

348
Q

carpal tunnel

A

the osseofibrous passage for the median nerve and flexor tendons

349
Q

cerebrospinal

A

of or relating to the brain and spinal cord

350
Q

cervical

A

relating to neck, cervix in any sense

351
Q

chondrocostal

A

relating to costal cartilages or ribs

352
Q

claudication

A

limping or walking with difficulty

353
Q

facial

A

cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles

354
Q

fascia

A

a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc

355
Q

femoral

A

of or relating to or near the femur or thigh

356
Q

fibula

A

the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle

357
Q

hematopoiesis

A

the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow

358
Q

herniated

A

denoating any structure protruded through a hernial opening

359
Q

hyperuricemia

A

enhanced blood concentration of uric acid

360
Q

iliac

A

of or relating to the ilium

361
Q

iliopubic

A

relating to iliopubic tract - thickened band of fibers curving over the external iliac vessels at the spot where they become femoral on the abdominal side of the inguinal ligaments

362
Q

inguinal

A

of or relating to or near the groin

363
Q

intercostal

A

muscles between the ribs; they contract during inspiration

364
Q

intervertebral

A

pertaining to the space between two vertebrae

365
Q

ischial

A

relating to or situated in the neighborhood of the ischium or hip

366
Q

ischium

A

one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium

367
Q

kyphosis

A

an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column

368
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae

369
Q

ligament

A

a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs

370
Q

lumbar

A

relating to the loins, or part of the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis

371
Q

metacarpal

A

any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers

372
Q

metacarpophalangeal

A

relating to the metacarpus and phalanges; denoting articulation between them

373
Q

metatarsal

A

any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes

374
Q

musculoskeletal

A

relating to muscles and skeleton

375
Q

myalgia

A

pain in a muscle or group of muscles

376
Q

myopathy

A

any abnormal condition or disease of the muscular tissues; commonly designates a disorder invovling skeletal muscle

377
Q

orthopedics

A

the branch of medical science concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and joints

378
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone as a consequence of infection or trauma or degeneration

379
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of a bone and its overlying articular cartilage

380
Q

osteomyelitis

A

an inflammation of bone and bone marrow (usually caused by bacterial infection

381
Q

osteoporosis

A

Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue; an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and loss of normal skeletal microarchitecture, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures.

382
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma

383
Q

patellofemoral

A

of relation to the patella or femur

384
Q

phalanges

A

any of the bones of the fingers or toes

385
Q

polyarthritis

A

simultaneous inflammation of several joints

386
Q

rheumatoid

A

of or pertaining to arthritis

387
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column

388
Q

sesamoid

A

denoting a small nodular bone embedded in a tendon or joint capsule.

389
Q

spondylarthritis

A

arthritis that affects one or more of the intervertebral joints in the spine

390
Q

sprain

A

a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments

391
Q

sternocostal

A

relating to sternum and the ribs

392
Q

strain

A

to make an effort to limit of one’s strength

393
Q

subarachnoid

A

underneath the arachnoid membrane

394
Q

substernal

A

deep to the sternum or below sternum

395
Q

synovial

A

relating to or secreting synovia relating to limb joints

396
Q

tarsal

A

relating to bones in the feet

397
Q

tendon

A

a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment

398
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

399
Q

thorax

A

the middle region of the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen

400
Q

tibia

A

the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle

401
Q

ulnar

A

pertaining to the ulna or to the ulnar (medial) aspect of the upper limb as compared tothe radial (lateral) aspect.

402
Q

vertebra

A

one of the bony segments of the spinal column

403
Q

aneurysm

A

a cardiovascular disease characterized by a saclike widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall

404
Q

angina pectoris

A

acute pain in the chest resulting from myocardial ischemia(decreased blood supply to the heart muscle); the condition has also been calledcardiac pain of effort and emotion because the pain is brought on by physical activityor emotional stress that places an added burden on the heart and increases the needfor blood being supplied to the myocardium. Some patients can predict the kinds ofevents that will precipitate an attack while others are unaware of any relationshipbetween onset of an attack and any particular situation in their lives.

405
Q

angiography

A

roentgenographic examination of blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium; produces an angiogram

406
Q

angioma

A

a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels

407
Q

aortic

A

Relating to the aorta or the aortic orifice of the left ventricle of the heart

408
Q

aortogram

A

The image or set of images resulting from aortography.

409
Q

arrhythmia

A

Loss or abnormality of rhythm; denoting especially an irregularity of the heartbeat. See also entries under rhythm. Cf.: dysrhythmia.

410
Q

arterial

A

relating to one or more arteries or the entire system of arteries

411
Q

arteriole

A

one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries which causes the body to get rid of excess water

412
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries; types generally recognized are: atherosclerosis, Mönckeberg arteriosclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis.

413
Q

arteritis

A

inflammation of an artery

414
Q

artery

A

a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

415
Q

atria

A

any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart

416
Q

atrioventricular

A

relating to or affecting the atria and ventricles of the heart

417
Q

atrium

A

any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart

418
Q

bicupid

A

having two cusps;

419
Q

bypass

A

To create new flow from one structure to another through a diversionary channel. ; shunt or auxillary flow

420
Q

capillaries

A

a tube of small internal diameter; holds liquid by capillary action

421
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the myocardium. As a disease classification, the term is used in several different senses, but is limited by the World Health Organization to: “Primary disease process of heart muscle in absence of a known underlying etiology” when referring to idiopathic cardiomyopathy.

422
Q

cardiopulmonary

A

of or pertaining to or affecting both the heart and the lungs and their functions

423
Q

cardiovascular

A

of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels

424
Q

cardioversion

A

Restoration of the heart’s rhythm to normal by electrical countershock or by medications (chemical cardioversion).

425
Q

cerebrovascular

A

of or relating to the brain and the blood vessels that supply it

426
Q

congenital

A

present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during fetal development

427
Q

coronary

A

Specifically, denoting the coronary blood vessels of the heart and, colloquially, coronary thrombosis.

428
Q

cuspid

A

having but one cusp

429
Q

defibrillation/defibrillator

A

The arrest of fibrillation of the cardiac muscle (atrial or ventricular) with restoration of the normal rhythm, if successful. / Any agent or measure, e.g., an electric shock, that arrests fibrillation of the ventricular muscle and restores the normal beat.

430
Q

dysrhythmia

A

disturbence of rhythm such as brain waves or heartbeat

431
Q

echocardiogram

A

a graphical image of the heart produced by an echocardiograph

432
Q

echocardiography

A

a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasound to study to structure and motions of the heart

433
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a graphical recording of the cardiac cycle produced by an electrocardiograph

434
Q

electrocardiograph

A

medical instrument that records electric currents associated with contractions of the heart

435
Q

embolus

A

a clot or other plug, usually part or all of a thrombus, brought by the blood from anothervessel and forced into a smaller one, thus obstructing circulation

436
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the endocardium and heart valves

437
Q

fibrillation

A

muscular twitching involving individual muscle fibers acting without coordination

438
Q

hemangioma

A

benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks

439
Q

hemorrhoids

A

venous swelling external or internal to the anal sphincter

440
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

presence of excess lipids in the blood

441
Q

hypertension

A

a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater

442
Q

hypertrophy

A

abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ

443
Q

hypotension

A

abnormally low blood pressure

444
Q

infarction

A

localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply

445
Q

ischemia

A

local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism

446
Q

anoxia

A

severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues

447
Q

anastomosis

A

a natural or surgical joining of parts or branches of tubular structures so as to make or become continuous

448
Q

antitussive

A

any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing

449
Q

apnea

A

transient cessation of respiration

450
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants) collapse of alveoli

451
Q

bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilation of bronchi or bronchioles as a sequel of inflammatory disease or obstruction often associated with heavy sputum production

452
Q

bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi.

453
Q

bronchodilator

A

a drug that relaxes and dilates the bronchial passageways and improves the passages of air into the lungs

454
Q

diaphragm

A

the musculomembranous partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.On its sides it is attached to the six lower ribs, at its front to the sternum, and at itsback to the spine. The esophagus, aorta, vena cava, and numerous nerves passthrough the diaphragm. When relaxed it is convex, but it flattens as it contracts duringinhalation, thereby enlarging the chest cavity and allowing for expansion of the lungs

455
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored respiration

456
Q

endotracheal

A

within the trachea

457
Q

hemopneumothorax

A

Accumulation of air and blood in the pleural cavity.

458
Q

hyperpnea

A

increased rate and depth of breathing

459
Q

hypoxia

A

Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest.

460
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing

461
Q

laryngoscopy

A

inspection of the larynx by means of larngoscope

462
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain

463
Q

orotracheal

A

pertaining to mouth and trachea

464
Q

orthopnea

A

form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris

465
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the fauces and pharynx

466
Q

pneumohemothorax

A

Accumulation of air and blood in the pleural cavity.

467
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lungs; caused by a virus or an allergic reaction

468
Q

pneumothorax

A

abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest

469
Q

rhinitis

A

an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose (usually associated with nasal discharge

470
Q

rhinoplasty

A

Reconstructive or cosmetic surgery of the nose to correct form or function.

471
Q

rhinorrhea

A

persistent watery mucus discharge from the nose (as in the common cold

472
Q

tracheostomy

A

a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes

473
Q

nasotracheal

A

pertaining to nose and trachea

474
Q

tachypnea

A

very rapid respirations, seen especially in high fever when the body attempts to rid itselfof excess heat. The rate of respiration increases at a ratio of about eight breaths perminute for every degree Celsius above normal. Other causes include pneumonia,compensatory respiratory alkalosis as the body tries to “blow off” excess carbon dioxide,respiratory insufficiency, lesions in the respiratory control center of the brain, andsalicylate poisoning.

475
Q

abscess

A

symptom consisting of a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

476
Q

asepsis

A

A condition in which living pathogenic organisms are absent; a state of sterility

477
Q

aspiration

A

Removal, by suction, of a gas, fluid, or tissue from a body cavity or organ from unusual accumulations, or from a container.

478
Q

bacteriostatic

A

inhibiting or retarding the multiplication of bacteria.

479
Q

bulla

A

A fluid-filled blister greater than 1 cm in diameter appearing as a circumscribed area of separation of the epidermis from the subepidermal structure (subepidermal bulla) or as a circumscribed area of separation of epidermal cells (intraepidermal bulla) caused by the presence of serum, or occasionally by an injected substance.

480
Q

cellulitis

A

Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial infection just below the skin surface. It is mostcommonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus.

481
Q

contusion

A

an injury that doesn’t break the skin but results in some discoloration

482
Q

debridement

A

surgical removal of foreign material and dead tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing

483
Q

furuncle

A

A localized pyogenic infection, most frequently by Staphylococcus aureus, originating deep in a hair follicle.

484
Q

hematoma

A

a localized swelling filled with blood

485
Q

icterus

A

yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin

486
Q

ichthyosis

A

any of several hereditary skin conditions characterized by the appearance ofdry, hyperkeratotic skin that closely resembles fish scales. The condition developsshortly after birth, but an acquired, uncommon type that accompanies multiplemyeloma or lymphoma may develop in adults. In some conditions, lactic acid orbath oils may provide temporary relief from symptoms.

487
Q

induration

A

any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue

488
Q

integument

A

an outer protective covering such as the skin of an animal or a cuticle or seed coat or rind or shell

489
Q

keloid

A

raised pinkish scar tissue at the site of an injury; results from excessive tissue repair

490
Q

macule

A

a patch of skin that is discolored but not usually elevated; caused by various diseases

491
Q

nodule

A

a small node in the skin of up to 1.0 cm in diameter, solid, with palpable depth; a pulmonary or pleural lesion seen on a radiograph image

492
Q

papule

A

A circumscribed, solid elevation up to 1 cm in diameter on the skin. A papule may be pedunculated, sessile, or filiform.

493
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice (Pediculus humanus

494
Q

petechiae

A

a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever

495
Q

plaque

A

A patch or small differentiated area on a body surface (e.g., skin, mucosa, or arterial endothelium) or on the cut surface of an organ such as the brain; in skin, a circumscribed, elevated, superficial, and solid area exceeding 1 cm in diameter.

496
Q

pustule

A

A circumscribed, superficial elevation of the skin, up to 1 cm in diameter, containing purulent material.

497
Q

sebaceous

A

Relating to sebum; oily; fatty.

498
Q

sebum

A

the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands; with perspiration it moistens and protects the skin

499
Q

ulcer

A

a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue

500
Q

urticaria

A

an itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-defined red margins; usually the result of an allergic response to insect bites or food or drugs

501
Q

vesicle

A

a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid

502
Q

xerosis

A

Pathologic dryness of the skin (xeroderma), the conjunctiva (xerophthalmia), or mucous membranes.

503
Q

adenoma

A

a benign epithelial tumor of glandular origin

504
Q

agoraphobia

A

a morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place

505
Q

akinesia

A

motionlessness attributable to a temporary paralysis ; Absence or loss of the power of voluntary movement, due to an extrapyramidal disorder.

506
Q

analgesic

A

a medicine used to relieve pain

507
Q

cephalalgia

A

pain in the head caused by dilation of cerebral arteries or muscle contractions or a reaction to drugs

508
Q

craniotomy

A

a surgical opening through the skull

509
Q

exophoria

A

Tendency of the eyes to deviate outward when fusion is suspended.

510
Q

euthyroid

A

having a normally functioning thyroid gland.

511
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyeball from the socket

512
Q

goiter

A

abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from underproduction or overproduction of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet

513
Q

ophthalmology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the eye and its diseases

514
Q

polyphagia

A

having a normally functioning thyroid gland.

515
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

516
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

Increased levels of insulin in the plasma due to increased secretion of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets; decreased hepatic removal of insulin is a cause in some patients, although hyperinsulinism usually is associated with insulin resistance and is commonly found in obesity in association with varying degrees of hyperglycemia.

517
Q

hyperopia

A

abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects

518
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones

519
Q

hypoglycemia

A

abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet

520
Q

albuminuria

A

the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin

521
Q

anorexia

A

a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite

522
Q

antiemetic

A

a drug that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting

523
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain

524
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gall bladder

525
Q

choledochal

A

relating to common bile duct

526
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

Presence of a stone in the common bile duct.

527
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Presence of concretions in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

528
Q

cholestasis

A

a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed

529
Q

colonoscopy

A

Visual examination of the inner surface of the colon by means of a colonoscope.

530
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of a diverticulum in the digestive tract (especially the colon

531
Q

dyspepsia

A

a disorder of digestive function characterized by discomfort or heartburn or nausea

532
Q

emetics

A

a medicine that induces nausea and vomiting

533
Q

hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it.

534
Q

hepatotoxic

A

toxic to the liver

535
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin

536
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow

537
Q

antepartum

A

occurring or existing before birth

538
Q

conization

A

Excision of a cone of tissue, e.g., mucosa of the cervix uteri.

539
Q

contraceptive

A

an agent or device intended to prevent pregnancy

540
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

541
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus

542
Q

implantation

A

Attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium, and its subsequent embedding in the compact layer, occurring 6-7 days after fertilization of the oocyte in humans.

543
Q

laparotomy

A

surgical incision into the abdominal wall; often done to examine abdominal organs

544
Q

menopause

A

the time in a woman’s life in which the menstrual cycle ends

545
Q

menorrhagia

A

abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged

546
Q

menses

A

the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause

547
Q

menstruation

A

the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause

548
Q

metrorrhagia

A

bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer

549
Q

oophorectomy

A

surgical removal of one of both ovaries

550
Q

orchidectomy

A

surgical removal of one or both testicles

551
Q

orchiditis

A

inflammation of testes

552
Q

orchiopexy

A

operation to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum

553
Q

prenatal

A

occurring or existing before birth

554
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland characterized by perineal pain and irregular urination and (if severe

555
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of a Fallopian tube (usually the result of infection spreading from the vagina or uterus

556
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina (usually associated with candidiasis

557
Q

vasectomy

A

surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization

558
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters

559
Q

cystoscopy

A

The inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of a cystoscope.

560
Q

cystourethrogram

A

a radiograph produced by cystourethrography. : radiography of the urinary bladder and urethra. chain cystourethrography that in which a sterile beaded metal chain is introduced via a modified catheter into the bladder and urethra; used in evaluating anatomical relationships of the bladder and urethra.

561
Q

diuresis

A

increased secretion of urine; if not due to increased liquid intake or to the action of a diuretic drug it can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus

562
Q

diuretic

A

any substance that tends to increase the flow of urine ; Promoting excretion of urine

563
Q

enuresis

A

inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination

564
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema

565
Q

glycosuria

A

presence of abnormally high sugar in the urine

566
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

the presence of kidney stones ; Presence of renal calculi.

567
Q

nephromalacia

A

Softening of the kidneys.

568
Q

nephrotoxic

A

toxic to the kidney ; toxic to renal cells

569
Q

oliguria

A

abnormally small production of urine; can be a symptom of kidney disease or obstruction of the urinary tract or edema or an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the body

570
Q

polyuria

A

renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes

571
Q

pyelogram

A

radiograph or series of radiographs of renal pelvis and ureter, injection of contrast medium

572
Q

pyuria

A

presence of white blood cells or pus in the urine; symptom of urinary tract infection

573
Q

proteinuria

A

the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin

574
Q

renal

A

of or relating to the kidneys

575
Q

uremia

A

An excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood.

Medical Informatics- AMC PA (1 decks)

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