Medical Terminology Flashcards
General: Total body swelling
Anasarca
General: Listening with the stethoscope
Auscultation
General: The normal state of being for each specific patient
Baseline
General: The diseases that a physician is considering as the reason for the patient’s sx
Differential Diagnosis
General: The bottom aperture of the internal surface of a hollow organ; often referring to the uterus or eye
Fundus
General: Excessive or profuse bleeding
Hemorrhage
General: Persistently high atrial blood pressure (typically >140/90)
Hypertension
General: Persistently low atrial blood pressure (typically
Hypotension
General: Area of dead tissue following prolonged ischemia
Infarct
General: Localized lack of blood supply to an area
Ischemia
General: Foul-smelling
Malodorous
General: Any body orifice
Os
General: Able to be touched or easily perceived
Palpable
General: Persistent thirst or frequent drinking of liquids; possibly indicative of diabetes
Polydipsia
General: The breaking-open of bodily structure
Rupture
General: Dangerous infection of the blood with pathological microorganisms or their toxins
Sepsis
General: A forcible pulling away of a part of structure
Avulsion
General: A crackling or grading sound usually of bones
Crepitus
General: A diagnosis of symptoms of two or more diseases by comparison
Differential Diagnosis
General: Escape of fluid into a cavity
Effusion
General: Tumor consisting of blood vessels
Hemangioma
General: Normal; of no danger to health
Benign
General: Star-shaped, radiating from the center
Stellate
Timing: New onset, likely concerning
Acute
Timing: New exacerbation of a chronic condition
Acute on chronic
Timing: Long-standing, constant
Chronic
Timing: Symptoms that are always present but changing in severity, never fully resolving
Fluctuating
Timing: Symptoms that completely serve at times, but continue to return repeatedly
Intermittent
Timing: Occasional, sporadic, transient
Paroxysmal
Timing: Gone, no longer existing
Resolved
Timing: Resolving spontaneously after onset
Transient
Kinesiology: Draws away from the midline
Abduction
Kinesiology: Draws towards the midline
Adduction
Kinesiology: Able to move about, not confined to a bed
Ambulatory
Kinesiology: To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
Anatomical Position
Kinesiology: Situated in front of or directed toward the front
Anterior
Kinesiology: Connection between bones; joint
Articulation
Kinesiology: Armpit
Axilla
Kinesiology: Toward the feet
Caudal
Kinesiology: Towards the head
Cephalad
Kinesiology: Pertaining to the neck or to the cervix of the uterus
Cervical
Kinesiology: Farther from the surface
Deep
Kinesiology: Spread out over a wide area
Diffuse
Kinesiology: Farther from the limb root
Distal
Kinesiology: Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot
Dorsiflexion
Kinesiology: Turned outward
Everted
Kinesiology: Straightening out
Extension
Kinesiology: Outside
External
Kinesiology: Bending or angulation
Flexion
Kinesiology: Divides body into anterior and posterior parts (2)
Frontal plane, Coronal plane
Kinesiology: Lower, rather from crown
Inferior
Kinesiology: Inside
Internal
Kinesiology: Turned inward
Inverted
Kinesiology: Farther from the midline
Lateral
Kinesiology: That which raises
Levator
Kinesiology: Nearer to the midline
Medial
Kinesiology: Divides body into left and right
Midline
Kinesiology: Palm side of hand or body (2)
Palmer, Volar
Kinesiology: Sole of foot
Plantar
Kinesiology: Rear or back (2)
Posterior, Dorsal
Kinesiology: That which turns palm of hand downward
Pronator
Kinesiology: Body position lying face down with forearms and hands turns palm side down
Prone
Kinesiology: Nearer to the limb root
Proximal
Kinesiology: Pertaining to the lateral side of the arm
Radial Aspect
Kinesiology: Nearer to the surface
Superficial
Kinesiology: Upper, nearer to the crown of head
Superior
Kinesiology: That which turns palm up hand up upward
Supinator
Kinesiology: Body position lying face up
Supine
Kinesiology: Right angles to long axis; divides the body into upper and lower parts
Transverse plane
Kinesiology: Pertaining to the medial side of the arm
Ulnar aspect
Constitutional: Without fever
Afebrile
Constitutional: Looking around, awake, attentive
Alert
Constitutional: The state of the patient’s body, often referring to obesity
Body Habitus
Constitutional: Extremely skinny, bony, malnourished
Cachectic
Constitutional: Aggressively uncooperative
Combative
Constitutional: The general appearance and nature of a patient
Constitutional
Constitutional: General appearance of lacking water; dry lips, dry mucosa
Dehydrated
Constitutional: A patient’s inability to tolerate their body-state, due to pain or respiratory failure
Distress
Constitutional: Appearing old
Elderly
Constitutional: Extremely thin and malnourished, wasting
Emaciated
Constitutional: Elevated body temperature, indicative of infection
Febrile
Constitutional: Not appearing healthy
Ill appearing
Constitutional: When an infant or baby cannot be made to stop crying
Inconsolable
Constitutional: Generalized feeling of discomfort or lack of well-being
Malaise
Constitutional: Poor nutritional state
Malnourished
Constitutional: Extremely overweight
Morbidly Obese
Constitutional: Appearing stable and at no risk of deterioration
Non-toxic
Constitutional: Appearing drowsy
Somnolent
Constitutional: The state of crying, or being about to cry
Tearful
Constitutional: Does not follow commands or go along with physician requests
Uncooperative
Constitutional: Poor self hygiene
Unkempt
Constitutional: Normal state of mental and body development
Well developed
Head: Normal external head inspection
Atraumatic/Normocephalic (ATNC)
Head: Bruising behind the ears, indicative of a basilar skull fracture
Battles sign
Head: Headache
Cephalgia
Head: Disease of the brain
Encephalopathy
Head: Swelling of the face often secondary to an allergic reaction
Facial angioedema
Head: Anatomical feature of an infant’s skull, the “soft-spot”
Fontanel
Head: The forehead and the anterior top of the skull
Frontal
Head: Infection of the membranes that contain the brain and spinal cord
Meningitis
Head: The membranes that contain the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Head: The most posterior part of the skull, the back of the head (2)
Occipital, Occiput
Head: Location across the posterior top of the skull
Parietal
Head: Bruising around the eyes, indicative of a basilar skull fracture
Raccoon eyes
Head: Infection of the sinuses, usually causing sinus pressure
Sinusitis
Head: The sides of the head
Temporal
Eyes: Unequal diameter of pupils
Anisocoria
Eyes: Thin outer lining of the eye and eyelid
Conjunctiva
Eyes: Pus in the eyes
Conjunctival exudate
Eyes: Transparent frontal aspect of the eye, covering both the iris and pupil
Cornea
Eyes: Diagnosis of double vision
Diplopia
Eyes: Normal function of eye muscles
Extra-ocular muscles intact (EOMI)
Eyes: Demonstrates the presence of a corneal abrasion
Fluorescein uptake
Eyes: Orange/yellow eyedrops used to detect corneal lesions, abrasions, or foreign bodies
Fluorescein
Eyes: The use of an ophthalmoscope to look through the pupil and examine the interior surface of the posterior eye
Fundoscopic exam
Eyes: Instrument used to look through the pull and examine the interior surface of the posterior eye
Ophthalmoscope
Eyes: Interior surface of eye
Fundus of the eye
Eyes: Blood in anterior chamber of the eye, as seen during the fundoscopic exam
Hyphema
Eyes: Referring to tears
Lacrimal
Eyes: Involuntary “shaking” eye movements, rather than normal continuous smooth motion
Nystagmus
Eyes: Pain in the eye
Ophthalmalgia
Eyes: Pale inner aspect of the eyelid most often due to anemia
Pale conjunctiva
Eyes: Swelling of optic disk due to increased intracranial pressure, seen fundoscopically
Papilledema
Eyes: Bruising around the eyes, indicative of trauma
Periorbital ecchymosis
Eyes: Light sensitivity
Photophobia
Eyes: Bruising around the eyes (indicates skull fracture)
Raccoon Eyes
Eyes: Dense, fibrous, opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea
Sclera
Eyes: Yellowing of the sclera due to jaundice
Scleral icterus
Eyes: Small infected bump on the eyelid, usually in between the eyelash hair (2)
Stye, Hordeolum
Eyes: Blood in the white part of the eye
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Eyes: Sign of dehydration
Sunken eyes
Ears: External portion of the ear
Auricle
Ears: Earwax
Cerumen
Ears: Infection of the deep inner ear, often causes vertigo
Labyrinthitis
Ears: The deep inner ear
Labyrinth
Ears: Ear ache
Otalgia
Ears: Outer ear infection
Otitis externa
Ears: Middle ear infection
Otitis media
Ears: “Ringing in the ears”, perception of ringing even with no external stimuli
Tinnitus
Ears: “Outpouching” of the eardrum, indicative of inflammation
TM bulging
Ears: Absence of light reflection, indicative of ear infection
TM dullness
Ears: Redness of the eardrum, often indicative of infection
TM erythema
Ears: Rupture of the eardrum
TM perforation
Ears: The clear membrane inside the ear
Tympanic membrane (TM)
Nose: Hemorrhage from the nose; nose bleeding
Epistaxis
Nose: Nostril (pl. nostrils) (2)
Naris (pl. Nares)
Nose: Clear nasal discharge
Rhinorrhea
Nose: Bruise/swelling of septum (sign of nose fracture)
Septal hematoma
Throat/Mouth: Indicative of decreased LOC or brainstem injury; Concern for airway protection
Decreased gag reflex
Throat/Mouth: Teeth
Dentition
Throat/Mouth: Dry tongue, mouth, and lips, indicating significant dehydration
Dry mucosa
Throat/Mouth: Without teeth
Edentulous
Throat/Mouth: Gums
Gingiva
Throat/Mouth: Referring to the tongue
Lingual
Throat/Mouth: Imperfect closure of opposing tech, indicative of trauma or jaw fracture
Malocclusion
Throat/Mouth: The far back of the nasal canal, where it joins the back of the throat
Nasopharynx
Throat/Mouth: Toothache
Odontalgia
Throat/Mouth: Painful swallowing
Odynophagia
Throat/Mouth: The back of the mouth, where it meets the throat
Oropharynx
Throat/Mouth: Collection of pus or fluid around the tonsil
Peritonsillar abscess
Throat/Mouth: Redness of the pharynx, indicating a throat infection
Pharyngeal erythema
Throat/Mouth: Throat infection
Pharyngitis
Throat/Mouth: Poor ability to handle secretions (saliva): drooping at the mouth and gagging
Secretion pooling
Throat/Mouth: Sticky tongue, mouth, and lips indicating early dehydration
Tacky mucosa
Throat/Mouth: Swelling of the tonsils, indicating infection
Tonsillar edema
Throat/Mouth: Pus on the tonsils, indicating infection of the tonsils
Tonsillar exudate
Throat/Mouth: Inability to fully open mouth due to inflamed jaw muscles
Trismus
Throat/Mouth: Uvula in normal position (not shifted)
Uvula midline
Neck: Neck pain elicited by flexing neck, hips and knees flex in response to the neck being flexed; sign of meningitis
Brudzinski
Neck: Vertebrae 1-7
Cervical spine
Neck: Turbulent blood flow heard with auscultation over the carotid artery (due to carotid narrowing or plaque)
Carotid bruit
Neck: sign of CHF
Jugular vein distension (JVD)
Neck: Neck pain elicited by flexing hip; Stiff hamstrings/inability to straighten the leg when hip is flexed; sign of meningitis
Kernigs
Neck: Enlarged lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
Neck: Stiff neck/Signs of meningitis
Meningismus
Neck: Tenderness of the muscles next to the vertebrae
Paraspinal tenderness
Neck: Flexible, free-moving, not-stiff
Supple
Neck: Enlarged thyroid
Thyromegaly
Neck: No deviation of trachea (deviates to unaffected side in pneumothorax)
Trachea midline
Neck: Bony tenderness directly over the vertebrae
Vertebral tenderness
Cardiovascular: Diagnosis of enlarged aorta; due to a weakened aortic wall
Aortic aneurysm
Cardiovascular: Diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart
Aortic dissection
Cardiovascular: Disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat
Arrhythmia
Cardiovascular: Diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection
Aortic rupture
Cardiovascular: Irregular beating of the atria; indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm
Atrial fibrillation
Cardiovascular: Irregular beating of the atria; often describes as “A-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block”
Atrial flutter
Cardiovascular: ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix
Atrial septal defect
Cardiovascular: Slow heart rate (HR
Bradycardia
Cardiovascular: Decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depressions on EKG
Cardiac ischemia
Cardiovascular: Enlarged heart
Cardiomegaly
Cardiovascular: Disease of the heart muscle
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular: Dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular: Extra beats of the heart heard during auscultation
Extra systoles
Cardiovascular: Described as grating, scratching sound of the heart indicative of pericarditis
Friction rub
Cardiovascular: Three or four sounds heard as part of heart rhythm
Gallop
Cardiovascular: Heart rhythm for anyone with Atrial Fibrillation
Irregularly irregular
Cardiovascular: sign of CHF
Jugular Vein Distension (JVD)
Cardiovascular: Abnormal heart sound rated on 1-6 scale
Murmur
Cardiovascular: Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Cardiovascular: Inflammation of the heart muscle
Myocarditis
Cardiovascular: A heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test
NSTEMI (Non ST segment elevation MI)
Cardiovascular: Diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally
Pericardial tamponade
Cardiovascular: Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation
Pericarditis
Cardiovascular: Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedis (DP), or posterior tibia (PT)
Pulse exam
Cardiovascular: An acute heart attack indicated by an EKG
STEMI (ST elevation MI)
Cardiovascular: Fast heart rate (HR>100)
Tachycardia
Cardiovascular: Irregular beating of the ventricles; this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion
Ventricular fibrillation
Cardiovascular: An infectious growth on the cardiac valves
Valvular vegetation
Cardiovascular: A hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the RV and LV
Ventricular septal defect (“A VSD”)
Cardiovascular: A blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarctions
Ventricular wall thrombus
Heart Anatomy: Artery carrying blood from the heart (LV) to the rest of the body
Aorta
Heart Anatomy: Heart valve between the LV and ascending aorta
Aortic valve
Heart Anatomy: Heart tissue that separates the RA from the LA
Atrial septum
Heart Anatomy: Receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricles: the right bundle and the left bundle
AV node (Atrioventricular node)
Heart Anatomy: Artery that supplies the heart with blood
Coronary artery
Heart Anatomy: Chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
Left Atrium (LA)
Heart Anatomy: Chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the LA
Left Ventricle (LV)
Heart Anatomy: Heart valve between LA and LV
Mitral valve
Heart Anatomy: Heart muscle
Myocardium
Heart Anatomy: The lining surrounding the heart
Pericardium
Heart Anatomy: Artery carrying blood from the heart (RV) to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Heart Anatomy: Vein carrying blood from the lungs to heart (LA)
Pulmonary vein
Heart Anatomy: Heart valve between the RV and pulmonary artery
Pulmonic valve
Heart Anatomy: Chamber in the heart that receives blood from the vena cava
Right Atrium (RA)
Heart Anatomy: Chamber in the heart that receives blood from the RA, sends it to the lungs
Right Ventricle (RV)
Heart Anatomy: Pacemaker of the heart
SA node (Sinoatrial node)
Heart Anatomy: Heart valve between RA and RV
Tricuspid valve
Heart Anatomy: Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart
Vena cava
Heart Anatomy: Heart tissue that separates the RV from the LV
Ventricular septum
Vasculature: Localized ballooning of a vessel due to a weakened vessel wall
Aneurysm
Vasculature: Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart; muscular, contractile
Artery
Vasculature: A whooshing sound heart during auscultation indicative of blockage or aneurysm
Bruit
Vasculature: Blood flow into the wall layers of an artery causing the arterial walls to split apart
Dissection
Vasculature: Deep clot in the extremity
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
Vasculature: Obstruction of blood vessel by a traveling clot of blood or foreign substance
Embolism
Vasculature: Tumor consisting of blood vessels
Hemangioma
Vasculature: Blood clot or blockage
Thrombus
Vasculature: Vessel carrying blood towards the heart; soft, compressible
Vein
Pulmonary: Struggling for breath using extra muscles in addition to the diaphragm
Accessory muscle use
Pulmonary: Constriction of the airway due to muscular contraction of the bronchioles
Asthma
Pulmonary: Collapse of the alveoli in the lungs due to disease or poor inspiration
Atelectasis
Pulmonary: Decreased respiratory rate
Bradypnea
Pulmonary: Inflammation/Infection of the bronchioles (smaller divisions of the bronchi)
Bronchiolitis
Pulmonary: Inflammation/Infection of the bronchi
Bronchitis
Pulmonar: Chronic lung disease typically seen in smokers
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Pulmonary: Viral infection of the upper airway with a barking cough and often stridor
Croup
Pulmonary: Fluid or mass under area being percussed
Dullness on percussion
Pulmonary: Difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath
Dyspnea
Pulmonary: Coughing up blood
Hemoptysis
Pulmonary: Blood fluid present in the pleural cavity
Hemothorax
Pulmonary: Breathing too fast, A.K.A. Behavioral breathlessness or Psychogenic dyspnea
Hyperventilation
Pulmonary: Enlargement of nostrils with breathing (sign of respiratory distress)
Nasal flaring
Pulmonary: Expiratory phase that is markedly longer than the inspiratory phase; heard in asthmatics
Prolonged expiration
Pulmonary: Blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to a translocated clot
Pulmonary Embolus
Pulmonary: General term for pain with breathing
Pleurisy
Pulmonary: Presence of air or gas in the pleural space; collapsed lung
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary: Infiltrate (infection) inside the lung tissue
Pneumonia
Pulmonary: Crackles; wet crackling heard in the lungs due to pneumonia or CHF
Rales
Pulmonary: Visible sinking in the area between the ribs and in the neck during inhalation (respiratory distress)
Retractions
Pulmonary: Sound of mucous rolling around in the lungs
Rhonchi
Pulmonary: Avoiding deep inspirations due to increased pain with breathing
Splinting
Pulmonary: Matter coughed up from the lower airways
Sputum
Pulmonary: Upper airway noise; common sign in croup
Stridor
Pulmonary: Increased respiratory rate; greater than 20 respirations per minute
Tachypnea
Pulmonary: High pitched sound heard with asthmatics or lung disease
Wheezing
Abdominal: Intestinal sounds heard from auscultating over the abdomen
Bowel sounds
Abdominal: Inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Abdominal: Production of gallstones
Cholelithiasis
Abdominal: Scarring of the liver tissue affecting the liver’s ability to function
Cirrhosis
Abdominal: 2 types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s, Colitis
Abdominal: Generalized; not localized to any specific location
Diffuse
Abdominal: Enlarged or swollen due to internal pressure
Distention
Abdominal: Acute inflammation of the pouches in the colon wall
Diverticulitis
Abdominal: Formation of pouches in the colon wall
Diverticulosis
Abdominal: Increased pain with coughing
Dunphy’s sign
Abdominal: Indigestion
Dyspepsia
Abdominal: Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
Abdominal: Vomiting
Emesis
Abdominal: Upper central region of the abdomen
Epigastric
Abdominal: General term for inflammation of the GI tract
Gastroenteritis
Abdominal: Tensing of abdominal wall muscles as to protect the internal organs indicative of true abdominal disease
Guarding
Abdominal: Vomiting of blood
Hematemesis
Abdominal: Bright red blood in the stool
Hematochezia
Abdominal: Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
Abdominal: Enlarged liver
Hepatomegaly
Abdominal: Contents of body cavity bulge out of the area where they are normally contained
Hernia
Abdominal: Lack of muscular contraction in the intestine leading to disruption of bowel passage air/fluid levels on abdominal x-ray
Ileus
Abdominal: Pertaining to the groin region
Inguinal
Abdominal: One portion of the intestine slides into the next, much like the pieces of a telescope
Intussusception
Abdominal: Any abdominal enlargement
Mass
Abdominal: RLQ point (⅓ of the way from the ASIS to the umbilicus) tenderness indicative of appendicitis
McBurney’s point
Abdominal: Black tarry stool indicative of a GI bleed
Melena
Abdominal: Pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration, indicative of cholecystitis
Murphy’s sign
Abdominal: RLQ on internal rotation of right thigh indicative of appendicitis
Obturator sign
Abdominal: Enlarged organ
Organomegaly
Abdominal: Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
Abdominal: Ulcers developing in the stomach causing pain and emesis
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Abdominal: Rebound tenderness, guarding, or rigidity indicative of acute abdominal inflammation
Peritoneal signs
Abdominal: Inflammation of the abdominal cavity
Peritonitis
Abdominal: Abdominal cavity
Peritoneal
Abdominal: RLQ pain with extension of right thigh indicative of appendicitis
Psoas sign
Abdominal: A larger than expected pulsating mass while palpating midline over the abdomen; indicates an aortic aneurysm
Prominent aortic pulsation
Abdominal: Strong pulse of midline abdomen, possible aortic aneurysm
Pulsatile mass
Abdominal: Pain when releasing hand from abdominal palpation
Rebound
Abdominal: Stiffness of the muscles of the abdomen
Rigidity
Abdominal: Pain in RLQ with palpation of LLQ indicative of appendicitis
Rovsing’s sign
Abdominal: Acute blockage of the small intestine
Small bowel obstruction (SBO)
Abdominal: Concave, sunken
Scaphoid
Abdominal: Enlarged spleen
Splenomegaly
Abdominal: Lower central region on the abdomen
Suprapubic
Abdominal: A bell-like noise when tapping the abdomen
Tympany
Genitourinary: Number of terminated pregnancies, spontaneous or induced
Abortions
Genitourinary: Appendages; in gynecology the ovaries and fallopian tubes
Adnexa
Genitourinary: Tenderness of the ovaries during the pelvic exam indicative of ovarian cyst or torsion
Adnexal tenderness
Genitourinary: Blood at the urethral opening of a male; sign of trauma or hematuria
Blood at the meatus
Genitourinary: The opening of the cervix; always will be closed unless passing tissue from the cervix
Cervical os
Genitourinary: Elicited by moving the cervix, often indicative of PID
Cervical Motion Tenderness (CMT)
Genitourinary: Tenderness over the kidneys
CVA tenderness (Costo-vertebral Angle tenderness)
Genitourinary: Painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
Genitourinary: Painful intercourse
Dyspareunia
Genitourinary: Painful urination
Dysuria
Genitourinary: Egg developing outside the uterus extremely dangerous due to risk of rupture
Ectopic pregnancy
Genitourinary: Presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
Endometriosis
Genitourinary: Inflammation of the epididymis
Epididymitis
Genitourinary: A tube inserted through the urethra to drain urine, often left in place
Foley catheter
Genitourinary: Urinating often
Frequency
Genitourinary: The state of being pregnant
Gravid
Genitourinary: Number of total pregnancies
Gravida
Genitourinary: Blood in the urine
Hematuria
Genitourinary: Swelling of the kidney due to acute blockage of the ureter
Hydronephrosis
Genitourinary: Pertaining to the groin area
Inguinal
Genitourinary: Kidney stones (2)
Nephrolithiasis, Renal calculi
Genitourinary: Twisting of the ovarian artery or vein
Ovarian torsion
Genitourinary: Number of viable offspring born by a woman
Para
Genitourinary: Inflammation of a woman’s reproductive organs
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Genitourinary: Tissue of an aborted fetus
Products of Conception (POC)
Genitourinary: Urinating large amounts
Polyuria
Genitourinary: Infection of the kidneys
Pyelonephritis
Genitourinary: Inability to urinate
Retention
Genitourinary: Passing very small amounts of blood from the vagina
Spotting
Genitourinary: A straight tube inserted to drain urine then immediately removed
Straight catheter
Genitourinary: Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular torsion
Genitourinary: The twisting of an organ on its own
Torsion
Genitourinary: Abrupt onset of urge to urinate
Urgency
Genitourinary: The interior of the vagina
Vaginal vault
Musculoskeletal: Pain in a joint
Arthralgia
Musculoskeletal: Inflammation of the joints
Arthritis
Musculoskeletal: Showing signs of tissue degradation or breakdown
Atrophic
Musculoskeletal: Fragment of bone chipped away from the main bone
Avulsion fracture
Musculoskeletal: Tenderness of the bone indicative of a fracture
Bony tenderness
Musculoskeletal: 5th metacarpal fracture
Boxer’s fracture
Musculoskeletal: Splintered and crushed bone broken into multiple fragments
Comminuted fracture
Musculoskeletal: Compression of the nerves and blood vessel
Compartment syndrome
Musculoskeletal: Open fracture; a fracture that penetrates the skin
Compound fracture
Musculoskeletal: Inflammation of the rib cartilage
Costochondritis
Musculoskeletal: Visual abnormality of a bone or anatomical structure
Deformity
Musculoskeletal: Disconnected joint; complete misalignment of the joint
Dislocation
Musculoskeletal: Fibrous membrane of connective tissue supporting and separating muscles and body organs
Fascia
Musculoskeletal: Broken bone
Fracture
Musculoskeletal: Type of arthritis; diagnosed by ordering a uric acid level
Gout
Musculoskeletal: Bone partially breaks and bends
Greenstick fracture
Musculoskeletal: Broken bone smashed into another bone
Impacted fracture
Musculoskeletal: Fracture at the proximal end of the femur
Intratrochanteric fracture
Musculoskeletal: Articulation or junction between two or more bones or cartilage
Joint
Musculoskeletal: Fibrous tissue binding bones together
Ligament
Musculoskeletal: Boney prominence on each side of the ankle
Malleollous
Musculoskeletal: Autoimmune disease affecting the brain and spinal cord
Multiple sclerosis
Musculoskeletal: Muscular pain
Myalgia
Musculoskeletal: Large boney projection of the ulna forming the point of the elbow
Olecranon
Musculoskeletal: Bone infection
Osteomyelitis
Musculoskeletal: Tenderness of the muscles beside the spine; not indicative of a fracture
Paraspinal tenderness
Musculoskeletal: Compressed nerve in the spine
Radiculopathy
Musculoskeletal: Compression of a nerve causing back pain with radiation to posterior leg
Sciatica
Musculoskeletal: Long, slender segment of a long bone
Shaft
Musculoskeletal: Maneuver testing for sciatica
Straight Leg Raises (SLR)
Musculoskeletal: Triangular indentation of the radial dorsal aspect of the hand
Snuff box
Musculoskeletal: Bone is broken in a twisting manner
Spiral fracture
Musculoskeletal: Misalignment of the spine indicative of a spinal fracture
Step-offs
Musculoskeletal: Partial dislocation
Subluxation
Musculoskeletal: Inflammation of the tendon sheath
Tenosynovitis
Musculoskeletal: Perpendicular break across the bone
Transverse fracture
Musculoskeletal: Tenderness directly over the spine (vertebrae), increased likelihood of fracture
Vertebral point-tenderness
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Scrape of the skin due to something coarse
Abrasion
Integumentary/Lymphatic: A collection of pus beneath the skin
Abscess
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Pimples
Acne
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Severe acne
Acne vulgaris
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Swelling of a lymph-node, usually indicative of an infection distally
Adenopathy
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Baldness
Alopecia
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Total body swelling
Anasarca
Integumentary/Lymphatic: A forcible pulling away of a part or structure
Avulsion
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Blue color of the skin due to lack of oxygen
Cyanosis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Removal of foreign matter or dead tissue from a wound
Debridement
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Splitting apart or separation of skin often used to describe a surgical wound that has re-opened
Dehiscence
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Tissue layer beneath the epidermis
Dermis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Sweating
Diaphoresis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Somewhat dark in color often indicative of poor circulation
Dusky
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Bruising
Ecchymosis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Inflammatory condition of the skin characterized by scaly and itchy rash; may include tiny vesicles with oozing and crusting
Eczema
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Dry, scaly skin consistent with eczema
Eczematous rash
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Skin swollen due to fluid collection
Edema
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Redness/Red
Erythema/Erythematous
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Fibrous membrane of connective tissue supporting and separating muscles and body organs
Fascia
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Palpable fluid beneath the skin indicative of infection/pus
Fluctuance
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Inflammation of the hair follicle
Folliculitis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Commonly used to describe a type of rash caused by fungus like tinea
Fungal rash
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Necrotic skin
Gangrene
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Raised area with underlying blood which occurs in tissue resulting from ruptured blood vessels
Hematoma
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Viral skin disease, often affecting the mouth or genital region
Herpes simplex
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Shingles; painful red blisters
Herpes zoster
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Hairy
Hirsute
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Darker than the surrounding skin
Hyperpigmented
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Lighter than the surrounding area
Hypopigmented
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Hardened area of tissue; soft tissue that becomes extremely firm
Induration
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Hypertrophic scar; raised scar
Keloid
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Cut in the skin due to trauma caused by sharp object
Laceration
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Thick skin with very deep lines
Lichenified
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Enlargement of a lymph node
Lymphadenopathy
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel; appears as red streaking
Lymphangitis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Skin softening breakdown often from being wet for a prolonged period
Macerated
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Flat, red spots on the skin
Macular
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Rash with a flat red area that also has raised bumps
Maculopapular rash
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Skin that is very poorly perfused due to poor blood circulation
Mottled
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Rapidly spreading inflammatory infection located in the deep fascia (presence of gas on x-ray)
Necrotizing fasciitis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Paleness
Pallor
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Raised bumps
Papular
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch (lighten) on applying pressure (a sign of meningitis)
Petechial rash
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Edema that retains an imprint when touched
Pitting edema
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Itchy
Pruritic
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Autoimmune skin disease; dry, scaly, red, itchy patches of skin
Psoriasis
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Containing pus; pus-like
Purulent
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Coarse, sandpaper texture rash (streptococcus infection)
Scarlatiniform rash
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Consisting of serum and blood
Serosanguinous
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Beneath nail
Subungual
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Slow return of the skin to its normal position after being pinched, a sign of either dehydration or aging, or both
Tenting
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Fungal infection of the skin
Tinea
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Skin elasticity
Turgor
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Hives; a red, raised, and often itchy rash consistent with allergic reactions
Urticarial rash
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Vesicles; fluid filled blisters (e.g. herpes)
Vesicular rash
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Depigmentation of patches of skin
Vitiligo
Integumentary/Lymphatic: Urticaria; red, raised rash, consistent with allergic reactions
Wheals
Neurological: An abnormal finding of dilation of the pupil instead of constriction in response to a shining light
Afferent Pupillary Defect (APD)
Neurological: Unequal diameter of pupils
Anisocoria
Neurological: Limping
Antalgic gait
Neurological: Inability to generate or understand language due to damage to the brain
Aphasic
Neurological: Condition of being unable to create words
Expressive aphasia
Neurological: Condition of being unable to understand spoken words
Receptive aphasia
Neurological: Loss of coordination
Ataxia
Neurological: The toes flex upward when sole of foot is stimulated, indicating motor nerve damage
Babinski sign
Neurological: A localized facial nerve dysfunction that causes facial droop and numbness
Bell’s Palsy
Neurological: Stroke; blood supply to the brain is restricted or absent due to hemorrhage or occlusion of a vessel resulting in neurological damage and dysfunction
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Neurological: Involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations
Clonus
Neurological: Cranial nerve - Olfactory, smell
Cranial Nerve I
Neurological: Cranial nerve - Optic, visual fields and pupillary light reflex
Cranial Nerve II
Neurological: Cranial nerve - Oculomotor, pupil function and extra-ocular movements
Cranial Nerve III
Neurological: Cranial nerve - Trigeminal, sensation of forehead, cheek, and chin
Cranial Nerve V
Neurological: Cranial nerve - Vestibulocochlear, hearing
Cranial Nerve VIII
Neurological: Cranial nerve - Glossopharyngeal, gag reflex
Cranial Nerve IX
Neurological: Diminished anal sphincter muscle contraction, indicative of neurological damage
Decreased rectal tone
Neurological: Poor mechanical articulation of speech due to abnormal lip, tongue, or cheek motor function
Dysarthria
Neurological: Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
Neurological: Difficulty in neurologically generating or understanding language
Dysphasia
Neurological: Paralysis of the extra ocular movements
EOM palsy
Neurological: Drooping of one side of the face indicating neurological damage
Facial asymmetry
Neurological: Paralysis of the face
Facial Palsy
Neurological: A test to evaluate cerebellar function
Finger-nose-finger
Neurological: Exam looking inside of the eye as seen with ophthalmoscope looking for increased cranial pressure
Fundoscopic Exam
Neurological: Epileptic attack characterized by convulsions, stupor, and temporary loss of consciousness
Grand Mal Seizure
Neurological: Weakness of one half of the body
Hemiparesis
Neurological: Paralysis of one half of the body
Hemiplegia
Neurological: The patient moves their arms and legs normally, indicating normal motor function
Moves all extremities (MAEx4)
Neurological: Sharp pain along the course of a nerve or several nerves
Neuralgia
Neurological: Swelling of the optic nerve sheath, as noted with fundoscopic examination
Papilledema
Neurological: Abnormal tactile sensation often described as tingling, numbness, or pinpricking
Paresthesia
Neurological: The state of somnolence and decreased responsiveness after a seizure
Post-ictal
Neurological: Involuntary turning or lowering of forearm when outstretched
Pronator drift
Neurological: Falling to one side when standing with feet together and eyes closed, indicating abnormal cerebellar function or inner ear dysfunction
Romberg’s sign
Neurological: A permanent localized numbness or weakness to a specific nerve’s distal innervation
Saturday Night Palsy
Neurological: Repetitive seizures without regaining consciousness between them
Status epilepticus
Neurological: Normal strength of the extremities
Strength 5/5
Neurological: Loss of consciousness; fainting, “passing out”
Syncope
Neurological: Tongue pointing to one side
Tongue deviation
Neurological: Description of a Grand-Mal or generalized seizure with stupor and transient LOC
Tonic Clonic
Neurological: “mini-stroke”, neurological function is regained completely with time
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Neurological: relating to a temporary fall in blood pressure
Vasovagal
Neurological: Condition of feeling the room-spin
Vertigo
Psychological: Lack of normal decision making
Abnormal judgement
Psychological: The expressed or observed emotional and social responses
Affect
Psychological: Commonly known as an “anxiety attack”
Anxiety Reaction
Psychological: Hearing voices, noises, music, or sounds that are not actually real
Auditory Hallucinations
Psychological: Appearing sad, unhappy
Depressed
Psychological: Lack of normal interaction, monotone, unemotional
Flat affect
Psychological: Thoughts of killing another person
Homicidal ideation
Psychological: Lacking the desire or ability to communicate
Non-communicative
Psychological: Strange interactions, unusual expressions, “weird”
Odd affect
Psychological: Abnormal rate of speech, speaking quickly and urgently
Pressured speech
Psychological: Thoughts of killing oneself
Suicidal ideation
Psychological: Thought processes that do not follow normal or logical progressions
Tangential thoughts
Psychological: Seeing objects, people, or things that do not actually exist
Visual Hallucinations
Psychological: Uninterested and non-participatory
Withdrawn
