medical terminology Flashcards
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1
Q
venipuncture
A
collecting blood from vein
2
Q
dermal puncture
A
collecting blood from capillary
3
Q
POC
A
medical diagnostic testing near patient
4
Q
Quality Control
A
equipment is maintained
5
Q
Anemia
A
lack of red blood cells
6
Q
Nosocomial
A
acquired at hospital
7
Q
Aliquots
A
small sample of blood
8
Q
Hemolysis
A
destruction of red blood cells
9
Q
Masterctomy
A
removal of breast tissue
10
Q
Hemoconcentration
A
increase in concertation of blood cells
11
Q
median cubital
A
vein in middle of arm
12
Q
cephalic vein
A
vein in outer arm
13
Q
basilic vein
A
vein in inner arm
14
Q
infection
A
invasion of pathogenic microorganisms
15
Q
communicable disease
A
infectious microorganisms
16
Q
blood borne pathogens
A
infectious microorganisms present in blood
17
Q
asepsis
A
the absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms
18
Q
aseptic technique
A
chemical attempt to eliminate microorganisms
19
Q
formite
A
object that carries microorganisms
20
Q
vector
A
insect that carries microorganisms
21
Q
PPE
A
Personal Protective Equipment
22
Q
percutaneous
A
through the skin
23
Q
permucosal
A
through mucous membrane of the mouth, eye, or nose
24
Q
antiseptic agent
A
chemicals used to clean by inhibiting growth of microorganisms
25
disinfectants
chemicals used to remove microorganisms on objects
26
antiseptics
chemicals used to inhibit growth and development of microorganisms on human skin
27
Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)
common antiseptic used instead of alcohol wipes
28
centrifuge
instrument used for blood specimen preparation
29
hydrochloric acid (HCI)
chemical used in urine samples
30
isopropyl alcohol
commonly used in antiseptics
31
sodium hypochlorite
diluted bleach
32
antecubital fossa
area to draw blood in indent of arm
33
cardiology
study of heart
34
hematology
study of blood
35
microbiology
study of microbes
36
pathology
study of diseases
37
dermatology
study of skin
38
immunology
study of immune system
39
anatomy
study of physical structure
40
physiology
study of living organisms and its function/processes
41
Homeostasis
steady state of body
42
Metabolism
body function that breaks down substances to use as energy
43
anabolism
cells use energy to make complex compounds from simple compounds
44
catabolism
chemical reaction that breaks down complex compounds into simple compounds
45
cardiovascular
body system that provides transport of water, nutrients, electrolytes, cells and gases
46
Vital Signs
Temperature, Pulse rate, Respiration rate (TPR)
47
pathogensis
origin of disease
48
anterior
in front of
49
posterior
in back of
50
medial
middle
51
lateral
side
52
dorsal
backside
53
ventral
frontside
54
proximal
near point of attachment
55
distal
away from point of attachment
56
superficial
near surface
57
deep
far from surface
58
supine position
lying on back with face up
59
prone position
lying face down on stomach
60
lateral recumbent
lying on side
61
antebrachial
forearm between wrist and elbow
62
antecubital
depressed area in front of elbow
63
brachial
upper arm
64
carpal
wrist
65
palmar
inner wrist
66
digital
fingers
67
disorder
any pathologic condition to the mind or body
68
disease
specific, measurable condition characterized by specific symptoms
69
illness
subjective, non-measurable term for any departure from wellness
70
screening
to detect irregularities that require follow up testing
71
diagnosis
to figure out what is wrong with patient
72
treatment
to develop appropriate treatment of medical condition
73
monitoring
to make sure treatment is working
74
Integumentary system
protects and regulates body
75
epidermis
outer layer of skin
76
dermis
middle layer of skin
77
hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue
lower layer of skin
78
hematopoiesis
process of blood cell formation that occurs in bone marrow
79
gleni-humeral joint
joint where shoulder and arm meet
80
humerus
bone on upper portion of arm
81
elbow
joint where humerus and forearm meet
82
fulna and radius
forearm bones
83
carpals
wrist joint
84
metacarpals
hand bones
85
phalanges
finger bones
86
synovial fluid
fluid membrane around joint
87
periosteum
membrane around bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
88
skeletal muscle
muscle attached to bones
89
visceral/smooth muscle
muscle lining blood vessels
90
cardiac muscle
muscle lining wall of heart
91
muscular system
provides movement for body
92
glycogen
stored glucose in muscles
93
nervous system
provides communication throughout body
94
Central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
95
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
everything outside of brain and spinal cord
96
sensory neurons
transmit nerve impulses to CNS from muscle tissue
97
motor neurons
transmit impulses to muscles form CNS
98
paralysis
impairment or loss of muscle strength, function, or sensation
99
psychology
science of mind, mental state and processes
100
psychiarty
medical diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders
101
respiratory system
works together with circulatory system to exchange gases between blood and air
102
alveolar sacs
molecules that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in red blood cells
103
digestive system
breaks down food into nutrients
104
urinary system
produces and eliminates urine from mostly blood though the kidneys
105
electrolyetes
maintains acid-base balance for homeostasis
106
acidosis
blood pH is less than 7,35, becoming acidic
107
respiratory acidosis
respiratory system is unable to eliminate right amount of CO2
108
metabolic acidosis
retains acids/loses bicarbonate/kidneys eliminate acidic substances
109
alkalosis
blood pH is more than 7.45, plasma bicarbonate increases
110
respiratory alkaosis
hyperventilation/loss of too much CO2
111
metabolic alkalosis
excessive vomiting/excess elimination of acid from stomach from kidneys
112
urinalysis
examines physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine
113
creatine clearance
evaluates to which degree kidneys are filtering out waste
114
hematura
blood in urine
115
proteinuria
protein in urine
116
oliguria
low urine output
117
proteinemia
low levels of protein in blood
118
Endocrine system
secretes fluids
119
exocrine glands
secrets fluids such as sweat, saliva, mucus, and digestive juices from ducts
120
endocrine glands
releases secretions such as hormones directly into bloodstream
121
pituitary gland
stimulates other glands to produce hormones (master gland)
122
growth hormone
controls growth by regulating nutrients that are taken into cells
123
thyroid gland
produces hormones that affects cell metabolism and growth rate
124
thymus gland
affects lymphoid system
125
adrenals
two glands that produces hormones as a result of emotions
126
gonads
produces estrogen, progesterone, testosterones (ovaries/testes)
127
pineal gland
secretes melatonin
128
genome
an organism's full DNA sequence of genes
129
plateles
blood cells that aid in blood clot formation
130
thoracic cavity
ventral cavity that contains heart and lungs
131
cranial cavity
dorsal cavity that contains brain
132
spinal cavity
dorsal cavity that contains spine
133
pericardial cavity
ventral cavity that contains heart
134
abdominopelvic cavity
ventral cavity that contains digestive and reproductive
135
cardiovascular
provides transport of water, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, enzymes, antibodies and cells
136
cardiac cycle
one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart (beat)
137
pulmonary circuit
the blood flow from the heart to the lungs then back again
138
systemic circuit
the flow of oxygen rich blood throughout the body
139
alveolar sacs
transfers oxygen into blood
140
ascending aorta
sends oxygenated blood to head, neck, arms and chest
141
descending aorta
sends oxygenated blood to lower trunk and legs
142
systole
heart contracts
143
diastole
heart relaxes
144
blood pressure
force of blood pushing against walls of blood vessels
145
veins
brings unoxygenated blood to heart
146
arteries
brings oxygenated blood away from heart
147
vena cava
large vein that carried blood to the heart
148
Right atrium
left top side of heart
149
right ventricle
left bottom of heart
150
left atrium
right top side of heart
151
left ventricle
right bottom of heart
152
apex
bottom of heart
153
base
top of heart
154
tricuspid valve
valve between right atrium and right ventricle
155
pulmonary valve
valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
156
mitral/bicuspid valve
valve between left atrium and left ventricle
157
aortic valve
valve between left ventricle and aorta
158
arrhythmia
irregularity in hearbeat
159
bradycardia
slow heart rate
160
tachycardia
fast heat rate
161
atrial fibrillation
rapid and irregular heart rhythm
162
aorta
largest artery
163
arterioles
smallest arteries
164
arteriosclerosis
hardening of artery walls due to cholesterol
165
venule
smallest veins
166
capillaries
smallest vessels that carry blood
167
hypoxia
body tissues don't receive enough oxygen
168
plasma
liquid portion of blood without cells
169
formed elements
cellular portion of blood without liquid
170
anticoagulant
chemical used to keep blood from clotting
171
hemostasis
blood clotting at site of injury
172
homeostasis
steady state of body
173
serum
liquid portion of blood without cells or fibrin
174
buffy coat
white blood cells and platelets that form a thin layer between plasma and red blood cells
175
fibrin
substance that forms a blood clot
176
leukocytes
white blood cells
177
granular
white blood cells with granules
178
neutrophils
granular leukocyte that is mature (neutral)
179
Eosinophils
granular leukocyte that is mature (acid)
180
Basophils
granular leukocyte that is mature (base)
181
granulocytes
granular leukocytes
182
agranular
white blood cells with no granules
183
lymphocytes
agranular leukocytes that help with immunity
184
monocytes
agranular leukocytes that prevent infection
185
differential
test that analyzes and categorizes leukocytes and abnormalities
186
erythrocytes
red blood cells
187
hemoglobin
molecules in red blood cells that carry 4 O2 and 4 CO2 molecules each
188
erythropoiesis
production of red blood cells
189
erythropoietin
hormone produced in kidney that initiates production of red blood cells
190
hemosiderin
iron containing pigments
191
bilirubin
bile pigments
192
anemia
not enough red blood cells
193
antigen
marker on cell that identifies type of red blood cell
194
antibodies
protein produced in response to foreign substance against the body
195
Rh factor
method to categorized blood with have or not have
196
hemolyze
rupture of red blood cells
197
agglutinate
red blood cells clump together
198
hematocrit
total volume of red blood cells in blood
199
thrombocytes
platelets
200
megakaryocytes
bone marrow cells that produces platelets
201
hemostasis
process to form blood clot
202
thrombosis
formation of blood clot that stops the flow of blood
203
coagulation
phase in blood clot where fibrin mesh is formed
204
intrinsic system
coagulation process that involves clotting factors
205
extrinsic factors
outside effects on the coagulation process
206
polycythemia
too many red blood cells in blood
207
hematocrit
volume percentage of red blood cells in teh blood
208
vaspcpmstriction
narrowing or constriction of blood vessels with visceral muscle
209
edema
swelling
210
syncope
fainting
211
emesis
vomiting
212
atherosclerosis
cholesterol plaque lines blood vessel restricting blood flow
213
myocardial infarct (MI)
blood flow restricted in coronary arteries (heart attack)
214
ischemia
reduced blood flow to tissues
215
septicemia
bacterial infection in bloodstream
216
sickle cell snemia
inherited condition where RBC and hemoglobin does not form properly
217
thrombocytopenia
low platelet count
218
glycolysis
breakdown of metabolism of glucose by blood cells
219
antiglycolytic agent
additive used to prevent glycolysis in blood collection
220
glycolytic inhibitor
additive used to prevent glycolysis in blood collection
221
iatrogenic anemia
large amount of blood loss due to blood collection
