Medical Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Root: angi/o
A
Cardiovascular
vessel
ex. Angioplasty: the repair of a blood vessel
2
Q
Root: aort/o
A
Cardiovascular
aorta
ex. Aortic arch
3
Q
Root: arteriol/o
A
Cardiovascular
arteriole
ex. Arteriolosclerosis: thickening of the arteriole walls
4
Q
Root: arteri/o
A
Cardiovascular
artery
ex. Arteriosclerosis: damaged arteries
5
Q
Root: ather/o
A
Cardiovascular
fatty
ex. Atherosclerosis: thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery
6
Q
Root: atri/o
A
Cardiovascular
atrium
ex. Atrial fibrillation: an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that begins in the upper (atria) of your heart.
7
Q
Root: bas/o
A
Cardiovascular
alkaline
ex. Basophil: a type of white blood cell used in the human body’s allergic response
8
Q
Root: cardi/o
A
Cardiovascular
heart
ex. Echocardiogram: uses sound waves to show how blood flows through the heart and heart valves
9
Q
Root: chrom/o
A
Cardiovascular
color
ex. Chromosome: cell structures, or bodies, that are strongly stained by some colorful dyes used in research
10
Q
Root: eosin/o
A
Cardiovascular
rose colored
ex. Eosinophil: a specialized cell of the immune system with intense pink staining.
11
Q
Root: erythr/o
A
Cardiovascular
red
ex. Erythrocyte: a red blood cell
12
Q
Root: granul/o
A
Cardiovascular
granule
ex. Granulocyte: cells in the immune system characterized by the presence of specific granules in their cytoplasm.
13
Q
Root: hemangi/o
A
Cardiovascular
blood vessel
ex. Hemangionoma: common vascular birthmark, made of extra blood vessels in the skin
14
Q
Root: hem/o
A
Cardiovascular
blood
ex. Hemoglobin: a protein in your red blood cells
15
Q
Root: kary/o
A
Cardiovascular
nucleus
ex. Karyotype: complete set of chromosomes of an individual, which are found in the cell nucleus
16
Q
Root: leuk/o
A
Cardiovascular
white
ex. Leukocyte: white blood cell
17
Q
Root: lymph/o
A
Cardiovascular
lymph
ex. Lymphangitis: an infection and inflammation of the lymph vessels
18
Q
Root: morph/o
A
Cardiovascular
form
ex. Morphology: (biology) the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features
19
Q
Root: nucle/o
A
Cardiovascular
nucleus
ex. Nucleolus: a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus
20
Q
Root: phag/o
A
Cardiovascular
eat
ex. Phagocytosis: a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles
21
Q
Root: phleb/o
A
Cardiovascular
vein
ex. Phlebitis: inflammation of a vein near the surface of the skin.
22
Q
Root: poikil/o
A
Cardiovascular
irregular
ex. Poikilocytosis: an increase in abnormal red blood cells of any shape that can be flat, elongated, teardrop-shaped, crescent-shaped, sickle-shaped, or can have pointy or thorn-like projections, or may have other abnormal features.
23
Q
Root: reticul/o
A
Cardiovascular
mesh
ex. Reticulocyte: immature red blood cells which have a visible mesh-like network of ribosomal RNA.
24
Q
Root: scler/o
A
Cardiovascular
hard
ex. Atherosclerosis: thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery
25
Root: **sider/o**
Cardiovascular
**iron**
ex. **Sidero**blastic anemia: anemia from lack of red blood cells and too much iron in your system because your body's not making use of iron in your red blood cells
26
Root: **sphygm/o**
Cardiovascular
**pulse**
ex. **Sphygmo**manometer: an instrument for measuring blood pressure.
27
Root: **thromb/o**
Cardiovascular
**clot**
ex. **Thrombo**cyte: disc-shaped piece of cell that is found in the blood and spleen that help form blood clots to slow or stop bleeding and to help wounds heal
28
Root: **vascul/o**
Cardiovascular
**vessel**
ex. A**vascul**ar: characterized by or associated with a lack of blood vessels
29
Root: **ven/o**
Cardiovascular
**vein**
ex. **Ven**ipuncture: the puncture of a vein as part of a medical procedure
30
Root: **ventricl/o**
Cardiovascular
**ventricle**
ex. **Ventriculo**megaly: a condition in which the ventricles appear larger than normal on a prenatal ultrasound
31
Root: **append/o**
Digestive
**appendix**
ex. **Append**ectomy: surgery to remove the appendix
32
Root: **appendic/o**
Digestive
**appendix**
ex. **Appendic**itis: inflammation of the appendix
33
Root: **bucc/o**
Digestive
**cheek**
ex. **Bucc**inator: a flat, thin muscle in the wall of the cheek
34
Root: **cheil/o**
Digestive
**lip**
ex. **Cheil**itis: inflammation of the lips
35
Root: **chol/e**
Digestive
**bile**
ex. **Chole**cystitis: a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the gallbladder when bile becomes trapped and builds up.
36
Root: **col/o**
Digestive
**large intestine**
ex. **Col**itis: swelling (inflammation) of the large intestine (colon).
37
Root: **colon/o**
Digestive
**large intestine**
ex. **Colono**scopy: a procedure in which a doctor uses a colonoscope or scope, to look inside your rectum and colon
38
Root: **dont/o**
Digestive
**teeth**
ex. Perio**dont**al abscess: An abscess at the end of a tooth
39
Root: **duoden/o**
Digestive
**duodenum**
ex. **Duoden**al ulcer: a sore that forms in the lining of the duodenum (first part of your small intestine).
40
Root: **enter/o**
Digestive
**small intestine**
ex. Gastro**enter**itis: an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines.
41
Root: **esophag/o**
Digestive
**esophagus**
ex. **Esophag**itis: inflammation of the esophagus
42
Root: **gastr/o**
Digestive
**stomach**
ex. **Gastr**itis: Inflammation of the lining of the stomach
43
Root: **gingiv/o**
Digestive
**gums**
ex. **Gingiv**itis: inflammation of the gums
44
Root: **gloss/o**
Digestive
**tongue**
ex. Hypo**gloss**al nerve: 12th cranial nerve for the tongue musculature
45
Root: **hepat/o**
Digestive
**liver**
ex. **Hepat**itis: inflammation of the liver
46
Root: **ile/o**
Digestive
**ileum**
ex. **Ileo**cecal sphincter: sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the ileum (last portion of your small intestine) and the colon (first portion of your large intestine)
47
Root: **jejun/o**
Digestive
**jejunum**
ex. **Jejuno**stomy: Surgery to create an opening into the jejunum (part of the small intestine) from the outside of the body
48
Root: **labi/o**
Digestive
**lip**
ex. **Labio**mental groove: the deepest point of contour change at the junction of the lower lip and chin
49
Root: **lingu/o**
Digestive
**tongue**
ex. Bi**lingu**al: speaking two languages fluently.
50
Root: **odont/o**
Digestive
**teeth**
ex. **Odonto**blast: tall columnar cells located at the periphery of the dental pulp
51
Root: **or/o**
Digestive
**mouth**
ex. **Or**al cavity: the mouth
52
Root: **pancreat/o**
Digestive
**pancreas**
ex. **Pancreat**itis: inflammation of the pancreas
53
Root: **pharyng/o**
Digestive
**pharynx**
ex. **Pharyng**itis: inflammation of the pharynx, resulting in a sore throat
54
Root: **proct/o**
Digestive
**anus**
ex. **Procto**logy: study of the anus and rectum
55
Root: **pylor/o**
Digestive
**pylorus**
ex. **Pyloro**stenosis: a narrowing of the pylorus, the opening from the stomach, into the small intestine
56
Root: **rect/o**
Digestive
**rectum**
ex. **Recto**rrhagia: the elimination of only fresh blood by defecation.
57
Root: **sial/o**
Digestive
**saliva**
ex. **Sialo**rrhea: hypersalivation or excessive drooling, literally means excessive saliva flow
58
Root: **sigmoid/o**
Digestive
**sigmoid**
ex. **Sigmoid**ectomy: removes all or part of the sigmoid colon
59
Root: **stomat/o**
Digestive
**mouth**
ex. **Stomat**itis: inflammation and redness of the oral mucosa that can lead to pain and difficulty talking, eating, and sleeping
60
Root: **aden/o**
Endocrine
**gland**
ex. **Aden**oma: a benign tumor formed from glandular structures
61
Root: **adren/o**
Endocrine
**adrenal glands**
ex. **Adren**aline: a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands
62
Root: **adrenal/o**
Endocrine
**adrenal glands**
ex. **Adrenal**ine: a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands
63
Root: **calc/o**
Endocrine
**calcium**
ex. Hyper**calc*emia: a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal.
64
Root: **gluc/o**
Endocrine
**sugar**
ex. **Gluc**agon: a hormone that your pancreas makes to help regulate your blood glucose (sugar) levels.
65
Root: **glyc/o**
Endocrine
**sugar**
ex. Hyper**glyc**emia: high blood glucose (blood sugar)
66
Root: **gonad/o**
Endocrine
**gonads**
ex. **Gonado**tropin: hormones that act on the gonads, controlling gamete and sex hormone production.
67
Root: **home/o**
Endocrine
**same**
ex. **Homeo**stasis: is the ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions (same) (internal environment) even though the outside world (external environment) is changing
68
Root: **kal/i**
Endocrine
**potassium**
ex. Hyper**kal**emia: a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal
69
Root: **thyr/o**
Endocrine
**thyroid**
ex. Hyper**thydo**idism: happens when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone
70
Root: **toxic/o**
Endocrine
**poison**
ex. In**toxic**ation: the condition of having physical or mental control markedly diminished by the effects of alcohol or drugs
71
Root: **thalam/o**
Endocrine
**thalamus**
ex. **Thalam**otomy: a brain surgery that destroys the thalamus
72
Root: **adip/o**
Integumentary
**fat**
ex. **Adip**ose: used for the storage of fat
73
Root: **albin**
Integumentary
**white**
ex. **Albin**ism: condition that leads to someone having very light skin, hair, and eyes
74
Root: **carcin/o**
Integumentary
**cancer**
ex. **Carcino**gen: a substance, organism or agent capable of causing cancer
75
Root: **cirrh/o**
Integumentary
**yellow**
ex. **Cirrh**osis: severe scarring of the liver that can cause yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes, called jaundice
76
Root: **cutane/o**
Integumentary
**skin**
ex. Sub**cutane**ous: situated or applied under the skin
77
Root: **cyan/o**
Integumentary
**blue**
ex. **Cyan**osis: a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood
78
Root: **derm/o**
Integumentary
**skin**
ex. Sclero**derm**a: disease that causes inflammation in the skin
79
Root: **dermat/o**
Integumentary
**skin**
ex. **Dermat**itis
80
Root: **erythem/o**
Integumentary
**red**
ex. Lupus **erythem**atosus: autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage often causing a red, butterfly-shaped rash over your cheeks and nose, often following exposure to sunlight
81
Root: **hidr/o**
Integumentary
**sweat**
ex. Hyper**hidr**osis: excessive sweating that's not always related to heat or exercise
82
Root: **hist/o**
Integumentary
**tissue**
ex. **Hist**ology: the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
83
Root: **ichthy/o**
Integumentary
**scaly**
ex. **Ichthy**osis: a group of skin disorders that lead to dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red
84
Root: **jaund/o**
Integumentary
**yellow**
ex. **Jaund**ice: a condition produced when excess amounts of bilirubin circulating in the blood stream dissolve in the subcutaneous fat, causing a yellowish appearance of the skin and the whites of the eyes.
85
Root: **kerat/o**
Integumentary
**hard**
ex. **Kerat**in: a tough, insoluble protein that is the main constituent of hair, nails, horn, hoofs, etc., and of the outermost layer of skin.
86
Root: **lip/o**
Integumentary
**fat**
ex. **Lip**oma: a non cancerous (benign) lump that forms due to an overgrowth of fat cells
87
Root: **melan/o**
Integumentary
**black**
ex. **Melan**oma: skin cancer that begins in cells known as melanocytes that may produce different shades of brown, tan or black.
88
Root: **myc/o**
Integumentary
**fungi**
ex. Onycho**myc**osis: a fungal infection of the nail unit
89
Root: **onych/o**
Integumentary
**nail**
ex. **Onycho**mycosis: a fungal infection of the nail unit
90
Root: **pil/o**
Integumentary
**hair**
ex. Arrector **pil**i: a small band of smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle to the connective tissue of the basement membrane
91
Root: **phyt/o**
Integumentary
**plant**
ex. Dermato**phytosis: a group of fungi that have the ability to invade keratinized tissues and cause superficial infections in humans and animals.
92
Root: **seb/o**
Integumentary
**sebum**
ex. **Seb**aceous cyst: small lumps that arise within the skin that can form when the opening to a sebaceous gland becomes blocked and produces an oily substance called sebum.
93
Root: **squam/o**
Integumentary
**scale**
ex. **Squam**ous suture: A scalelike suture; one with opposing margins that are scalelike and overlapping.
94
Root: **sudor/o**
Integumentary
**sweat**
ex. **Sudor**iferous gland: Any of the glands in the skin that secrete perspiration.
95
Root: **trich/o**
Integumentary
**hair**
ex. **Tricho**moniasis: unicellular organism with hair-like flagella.
96
Root: **ungu/o**
Integumentary
**nail**
ex. Tinua **ungu**ium: The most common fungus infection of the nails
97
Root: **xanth/o**
Integumentary
**yellow**
ex. **Xanth**oma: a fatty irregular yellow patch or nodule containing lipid-filled foam cells that occurs on the skin
98
Root: **xer/o**
Integumentary
**dry**
ex. **Xer**ophthalmia: abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, with inflammation and ridge formation, typically associated with vitamin A deficiency.
99
Root: **adenoid/o**
Lymphatic
**adenoids**
ex. **Adenoid**ectomy: the surgical removal of the adenoids
100
Root: **immun/o**
Lymphatic
**immune**
ex. **Immun**ology: the study of the immune system
101
Root: **lymph/o**
Lymphatic
**Lymph**
ex. **Lymph**angitis: infection and inflammation of the lymph vessels
102
Root: **splen/o**
Lymphatic
**spleen**
ex. **Splen**ectomy: a surgical procedure to remove your spleen
103
Root: **tonsil/o**
Lymphatic
**tonsils**
ex. **Tonsil**litis: inflammation of the tonsils
104
Root: **thymus/o**
Lymphatic
**thymus**
ex. **Thym**ectomy: an operation to remove the thymus
105
Root: **adhes/o**
Muscular
**stick**
ex. **Adhes**ion: the tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another
106
Root: **duct/o**
Muscular
**carry**
ex.**Duct**openia: reduction in the number of ducts in an organ
107
Root: **erg/o**
Muscular
**work**
ex. **Ergo**monic: relating to or designed for efficiency and comfort in the working environment.
108
Root: **fasci/o**
Muscular
**fascia**
ex. Tensor **fasci**ae latae: a muscle that tenses a band (fascia) on the side
109
Root: **fibr/o**
Muscular
**fiber**
ex. **Fibro**myalgia: disorder characterized by widespread pain, tenderness, and stiffness of muscles
110
Root: **fibros/o**
Muscular
**fiber**
ex. **Fibros**is: the development in an organ of excess fibrous connective tissue
111
Root: **flex/o**
Muscular
**bend**
ex. **Flex**ion: the action of bending or the condition of being bent
112
Root: **Is/o**
Muscular
**same**
ex.**Iso**metric: of or having equal dimensions; relating to or denoting muscular action in which tension is developed without contraction of the muscle
113
Root: **kinesi/o**
Muscular
**movement**
ex.**Kinesi**ology: scientific study of human body movement
114
Root: **lei/o**
Muscular
**smooth**
ex.**Leio**myoma: a group of benign smooth muscle tumors.
115
Root: **lev/o**
Muscular
**lift**
ex.**Lev**ator scapulae: superficial extrinsic muscles of the back that primarily function to elevate the scapulae
116
Root: **levat/o**
Muscular
**lift**
ex. **Lev**ator scapulae: superficial extrinsic muscles of the back that primarily function to elevate the scapulae
117
Root: **metr/o**
Muscular
**length**
ex. Iso**metric**: of or having equal dimensions; relating to or denoting muscular action in which tension is developed without contraction of the muscle.
118
Root: **quadr/i**
Muscular
**four**
ex.**Quadri**ceps: the large muscle at the front of the thigh, which is divided into four distinct portions and acts to extend the leg.
119
Root: **rect/o**
Muscular
**straight**
ex.**Rect**us abdominis: each of a pair of long flat (straight) muscles at the front of the abdomen, joining the sternum to the pubis and acting to bend the whole body forward or sideways.
120
Root: **ten/o**
Muscular
**tendon**
ex.**Teno**periosteal junction: The point where tendon meets bone.
121
Root: **tend/o**
Muscular
**tendon**
ex.**Tendo**nitis: inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone
122
Root: **tendin/o**
Muscular
**tendon**
ex.**Tendin**itis: inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone
123
Root: **tens/o**
Muscular
**strain**
ex.**Tens**or fascia latae: a muscle that tenses a band (fascia) on the side
124
Root: **ton/o**
Muscular
**tension**
ex. Iso**ton**ic: tension remains the same, whilst the muscle's length changes
125
Root: **tort/i**
Muscular
**twisted**
ex. **Torti**collis: a condition where your baby's neck muscles cause their head to twist and tilt to one side
126
Root: **astr/o**
Nervous
**star**
ex. **Astro**cytoma: tumor that develop in your central nervous system (CNS) that grow from star-shaped astrocyte cells
127
Root: **ax/o**
Nervous
**axon**
ex. **Axo**n: An axon or nerve fiber is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses
128
Root: **cephal/o**
Nervous
**head**
ex. En**cephal**itis: inflammation of the active tissues of the brain caused by an infection or an autoimmune response
129
Root: **cerebell/o**
Nervous
**cerebellum**
ex. **Cerebell**um: the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.
130
Root: **clon/o**
Nervous
**clonus**
ex. **Clon**us: abnormal reflex response that involves involuntary and rhythmic muscle contractions
131
Root: **cortic/o**
Nervous
**cortex**
ex. **Cortico**steroid: a class of steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex
132
Root: **crani/o**
Nervous
**skull**
ex. **Crani**um: The bones that form the head
133
Root: **dendr/o**
Nervous
**tree**
ex. **Dendr**ite: a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
134
Root: **dur/o**
Nervous
**dura mater**
ex. Epi**dur**al space: the potential space between the dura mater and vertebrae (spine).
135
Root: **encephal/o**
Nervous
**brain**
ex. **Encephal**itis: inflammation of the active tissues of the brain caused by an infection or an autoimmune response
136
Root: **estesi/o**
Nervous
**sensation**
ex. An**esthesic**: a substance that induces insensitivity to pain.
137
Root: **gangli/o**
Nervous
**ganglion**
ex. **Gangli**on cyst: lumps that most often appear along the tendons or joints of wrists or hands
138
Root: **gli/o**
Nervous
**glue**
ex. **Glio**blastoma: tumors that develop from glue-like cells known as glial cells that surround nerve cells in your brain or spinal cord
139
Root: **lex/o**
Nervous
**word**
ex. **Lex**icon: the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge
140
Root: **lob/o**
Nervous
**lobe**
ex. **Lob**otomy: a surgical operation involving incision into the prefrontal lobe of the brain, formerly used to treat mental illness.
141
Root: **mining/o**
Nervous
**meninges**
ex. **Mening**itis: an infection and inflammation of the fluid and three membranes (meninges) protecting the brain and spinal cord
142
Root: **ment/o**
Nervous
**mind**
ex. **Ment**ality: the characteristic attitude of mind or way of thinking of a person or group
143
Root: **mot/o**
Nervous
**move**
ex. Loco**mot**ion: movement or the ability to move from one place to another.
144
Root: **myel/o**
Nervous
**canal**
ex. Osteo**myel**itis: an inflammatory condition involving the medullary cavity of bone
145
Root: **narc/o**
Nervous
**stupor**
ex. **Narco**lepsy: sleep disorder that makes people very drowsy during the day
146
Root: **neur/o**
Nervous
**nerve**
ex. **Neur**algia: pain in a nerve pathway
147
Root: **olig/o**
Nervous
**few**
ex. **Oligo**dendrocyte: 'cells with a few branches' whose main functions are to provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of jawed vertebrates
148
Root: **phas/o**
Nervous
**speech**
ex. Dys**phas**ia: impairment in the production of speech resulting from brain disease or damage.
149
Root: **phren/o**
Nervous
**mind**
ex. **Phren**ology: the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities.
150
Root: **psych/o**
Nervous
**mind**
ex. **Psych**osis: a collection of symptoms that affect the mind, where there has been some loss of contact with reality
151
Root: **spin/o**
Nervous
**spine**
ex. Semi**spin**alis: muscle is found lying on either side of the vertebral column spanning half the spine from the occipital bone to as far as to the tenth thoracic vertebrae
152
Root: **synapt/o**
Nervous
**point of contact**
ex. **Synap**se: a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
153
Root: **tax/o**
Nervous
**order**
ex. **Tax**onomy: a system of classification
154
Root: **amni/o**
Reproductive
**amnion**
ex. **Amnio**centesis: a prenatal test that takes amniotic fluid from around your baby in the uterus.
155
Root: **andr/o**
Reproductive
**male**
ex. **Andro**gen: male sex hormones; a substance capable of developing and maintaining masculine characteristics in reproductive tissues
156
Root: **cervic/o**
Reproductive
**neck**
ex. **Cervix**: The lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal), which leads to the outside of the body
157
Root: **colp/o**
Reproductive
**vagina**
ex. **Colpo**scopy: a way of looking at the cervix, vagina, and vulva through a special magnifying device
158
Root: **embry/o**
Reproductive
**embryo**
ex. **Embryo**nic stage: lasts through the eighth week following fertilization, after which the embryo is called a fetus.
159
Root: **epididym/o**
Reproductive
**epididymis**
ex. **Epididym**itis: inflammation of the epididymis ( a coiled tube at the back of your testicle that stores and carries sperm).
160
Root: **episi/o**
Reproductive
**vulva**
ex. **Episio**tomy: a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth
161
Root: **fet/o**
Reproductive
**fetus**
ex. **Fet**al development: post embryotic (fetus) development up until birth.
162
Root: **galact/o**
Reproductive
**milk**
ex. **Galacto**rrhea: milk production from the breast unrelated to pregnancy or lactation
163
Root: **genet/o**
Reproductive
**genetalia**
ex. **Genet**al Herpes: a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can cause sores on your genital or rectal area, buttocks, and thighs.
164
Root: **gynec/o**
Reproductive
**woman**
ex. **Gynec**ology: functions and diseases specific to women.
165
Root: **hyster/o**
Reproductive
**uterus**
ex. **Hyster**ectomy: a surgery to remove the uterus
166
Root: **hymen/o**
Reproductive
**hymen**
ex. **Hymen**ectomy: a surgery to remove or open the hymen (surgically remove or open the hymen).
167
Root: **lact/o**
Reproductive
**milk**
ex. **Lact**ation: the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
168
Root: **mamm/o**
Reproductive
**breast**
ex. **Mamm**ary glands: glands of the human female breasts or the milk-secreting organs of other mammals.
169
Root: **mast/o**
Reproductive
**breast**
ex. **Mast**ectomy: a surgical operation to remove a breast
170
Root: **men/o**
Reproductive
**menstruation**
ex. **Meno**pause: a point in time 12 months after a woman's last period.
171
Root: **metr/o**
Reproductive
**uterus**
ex. **Metro**rrhagia: abnormal bleeding from the uterus.
172
Root: **nat/o**
Reproductive
**birth**
ex. Neo**nat**al: relating to newborn children (or other mammals).
173
Root: **o/o**
Reproductive
**egg**
ex. **Oo**cyte: a cell in an ovary which may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum.
174
Root: **oophor/o**
Reproductive
**ovary**
ex. **Oophor**ectomy: surgical removal of one or both ovaries; ovariectomy.
175
Root: **Orch/o**
Reproductive
**testicle**
ex. **Orch**iectomy: a surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles
176
Root: **ovari/o**
Reproductive
**ovary**
ex. **Ovari**an tumor: abnormal growths on the ovaries, the female reproductive organs that produce eggs
177
Root: **pen/o**
Reproductive
**penis**
ex. **Peno**scrotal fusion: (webbed penis) when a boy’s scrotum forms on the underside of the shaft of the penis.
178
Root: **perine/o**
Reproductive
**perineum**
ex. **Perineo**tomy: (Episiotomy) a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by a midwife or obstetrician
179
Root: **prostat/o**
Reproductive
**prostate**
ex. **Prostat**itis: inflammation of the prostate
180
Root: **salping/o**
Reproductive
**fallopian tube**
ex. **Salping**itis: inflammation of the fallopian tubes, caused by bacterial infection
181
Root: **sperm/o**
Reproductive
**sperm**
ex. **Sperm**icide: a kind of birth control that has chemicals that stop sperm from reaching an egg.
182
Root: **spermat/o**
Reproductive
**sperm**
ex. **Spermato**genesis: the production or development of mature spermatozoa.
183
Root: **test/o**
Reproductive
**testicle**
ex. **Test**icular tortion: when a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that brings blood to the scrotum
184
Root: **uter/o**
Reproductive
**uterus**
ex. **Uter**ine lining: the lining of the uterus
185
Root: **vagin/o**
Reproductive
**vagina**
ex. Bacterial **vagin**osis: a condition caused by an overgrowth of normal vaginal flora
186
Root: **vesticul/o**
Reproductive
**seminal vesticle**
ex. **Vesicul**itis: inflammation and infection of the seminal vesicles (a man’s ductlike glands that add fluid secretions to the seminal fluid as it passes from the body during intercourse).
187
Root: **vulv/o**
Reproductive
**vulva**
ex. **Vulv**itis: an itchy inflammation of the vulva, the soft folds of skin outside the vagina.
188
Root: **alveol/o**
Respiratory
**alveolus**
ex. **Alveol**i: any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.
189
Root: **anthrac/o**
Respiratory
**black**
ex. **Anthra**x: A raised, itchy bump resembling an insect bite that quickly develops into a painless sore with a black center
190
Root: **bronch/o**
Respiratory
**bronchus**
ex. **Bronch**itis: a condition that develops when the airways in the lungs, called bronchial tubes, become inflamed and cause coughing, often with mucus production.
191
Root: **bronchi/o**
Respiratory
**bronchus**
ex. **Bronchi**ole: any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides.
192
Root: **con/o**
Respiratory
**dust**
ex. **Coni**dium: a powder-filled spore produced asexually by various fungi at the tip of a specialized hypha.
193
Root: **embol/o**
Respiratory
**plug**
ex. **Embol**ism: obstruction of an artery, typically by a clot of blood or an air bubble
194
Root: **emphys/o**
Respiratory
**inflate**
ex. **Emphyse**ma: a type of lung disease that causes breathlessness
195
Root: **epiglott/o**
Respiratory
**epiglottis**
ex. **Epiglott**itis: when the epiglottis — a small cartilage "lid" that covers the windpipe — swells
196
Root: **laryng/o**
Respiratory
**larynx**
ex. **Laryng**itis: inflammation of the larynx (voice box)
197
Root: **muc/o**
Respiratory
**mucous**
ex. Sub**muc**osa: the layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane.
198
Root: **nas/o**
Respiratory
**nose**
ex. **Nas**al cavity: The space inside the nose
199
Root: **ox/o**
Respiratory
**oxygen**
ex. Hyp**ox**ia: a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis
200
Root: **pector/o**
Respiratory
**chest**
ex. **Pector**alis major: the superior most and largest muscle of the anterior chest wall
201
Root: **phon/o**
Respiratory
**sound**
ex. Dys**phon**ia: to having an abnormal voice. It is also known as hoarseness.
202
Root: **phren/o**
Respiratory
**diaphragm**
ex. **Phren**ic nerve: a nerve that controls your diaphragm
203
Root: **pleur/o**
Respiratory
**pleura**
ex. **Pleur**al membrane: serous membrane that folds back on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac.
204
Root: **pneum/o**
Respiratory
**lung**
ex. **Pneumon**ia: an infection that affects one or both lungs an infection that affects one or both lungs.
205
Root: **pulm/o**
Respiratory
**lung**
ex. **Pulmo**nary edema: a condition caused by too much fluid in the lungs
206
Root: **rhin/o**
Respiratory
**nose**
ex. **Rhin**itis: when a reaction occurs that causes nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching
207
Root: **sinus/o**
Respiratory
**sinus**
ex. **Sinus**itis: an inflammation of the tissues in your sinuses.
208
Root: **spir/o**
Respiratory
**breathe**
ex. **Spiro**meter: an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs
209
Root: **steth/o**
Respiratory
**chest**
ex. **Steth**oscope: a medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing in the chest.
210
Root: **thorac/o**
Respiratory
**chest**
ex. **Thorac**ic vertebrae: The longest section of your spine which starts at the base of your neck and ends at the bottom of your ribs
211
Root: **trache/o**
Respiratory
**trachea**
ex. **Tracheo**tomy: an opening surgically created through the neck into the trachea (windpipe) to allow air to fill the lungs
212
Root: **acr/o**
Skeletal
**extremity**
ex. **Acro**megaly: disorder that occurs when your body makes too much growth hormone
213
Root: **acromi/o**
Skeletal
**acromion**
ex. **Acromio**clavicular: the shoulder joint between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle.
214
Root: **ankyl/o**
Skeletal
**crooked**
ex. **Ankyl**osis: abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones
215
Root: **arthr/o**
Skeletal
**joint**
ex. **Arthr**itis: the swelling and tenderness of one or more joints
216
Root: **brachi/o**
Skeletal
**arm**
ex. Biceps **brachi**i: a large, thick muscle on the ventral portion of the upper arm
217
Root: **calcane/o**
Skeletal
**calcaneus**
ex. **Calcan**eal tendon: a fibrous band of tissue that links the muscles in your calf to the heel (calcaneus).
218
Root: **carp/o**
Skeletal
**carpals**
ex. **Carpo**metacarpal joint: articulations between the carpal bones (carpo-) and metacarpal bones (-metacarpal) of the hand.
219
Root: **chondr/o**
Skeletal
**cartilage**
ex. Costo**chondr**itis: inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone (sternum).
220
Root: **clavicul/o**
Skeletal
**clavicle**
ex. Sterno**clavicul**ar: The shoulder articulation between the sternum and clavicle.
221
Root: **cleid/o**
Skeletal
**clavicle**
ex. Sterno**cleido**mastoid: each of a pair of long muscles that connect the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the temporal bone and serve to turn and nod the head.
222
Root: **condyl/o**
Skeletal
**condyle**
ex. Epi**condyl**e: a protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone
223
Root: **cost/o**
Skeletal
**ribs**
ex. Inter**cost**al: situated between the ribs.
224
Root: **dactyl/o**
Skeletal
**fingers/toes**
ex. Poly**dactyl**y: a condition in which a person or animal has more than five fingers or toes on one, or on each, hand or foot.
225
Root: **femor/o**
Skeletal
**femur**
ex. Rectus **femor**is: a two way acting muscle as it crosses over the hip and knee joint on the femur; therefore, it functions to extend the knee and also assists iliopsoas in hip flexion
226
Root: **fibul/o**
Skeletal
**fibula**
ex. Tibio**fibul**ar: The proximal and distal tibiofibular joints refer to two articulations between the tibia and fibula of the leg.
227
Root: **humer/o**
Skeletal
**humerus**
ex. Gleno**humer**al joint: The proximal and distal tibiofibular joints refer to two articulations between the tibia and fibula of the leg.
228
Root: **ili/o**
Skeletal
**ilium**
ex. **Ili**acus: triangular muscle which passes from the ilium (pelvis) through the groin on either side and, together with the psoas, flexes the hip.
229
Root: **ischi/o**
Skeletal
**ischium**
ex. **Ischi**al tuberosity: rounded bone that extends from the ischium — the curved bone that makes up the bottom of your pelvis. also known colloquially as the sit bones or sitz bones, or as a pair the sitting bones
230
Root: **kyph/o**
Skeletal
**hill**
ex. **Kyph**osis: a spinal disorder in which an excessive curve of the spine results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back. Forming a “hill” with the upper spine.
231
Root: **lamin/o**
Skeletal
**lamina**
ex. **Lamin**otomy: an orthopaedic neurosurgical procedure that removes part of the lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal.
232
Root: **lord/o**
Skeletal
**curve**
ex. **Lord**osis: an exaggerated inward curve of the spine that typically affects the lower back
233
Root: **metacarp/o**
Skeletal
**metacarpals**
ex. **Metacarpo**phalangeal: diarthrodial joints where the large convex heads of the distal aspect of the metacarpals articulate with the concave-shaped proximal aspect of each phalange
234
Root: **metatars/o**
Skeletal
**metatarsals**
ex. **Metatars**phalangeal: the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones (proximal phalanges) of the toes. (Toe knuckles)
235
Root: **orth/o**
Skeletal
**straight**
ex. **Ortho**pedic: the medical specialty that focuses on injuries and diseases of your body's musculoskeletal system that allows the body to work and function in alignment.
236
Root: **patell/o**
Skeletal
**patella**
ex. **Patell**ar tendon: attaches the bottom of the kneecap (patella) to the top of the shinbone (tibia). When a structure connects one bone to another, it is actually a ligament, so the patellar tendon is sometimes called the patellar ligament
237
Root: **osteo/o**
Skeletal
**bone**
ex. **Osteo**arthritis: the cartilage within a joint begins to break down and the underlying bone begins to change.
238
Root: **ped/i**
Skeletal
**foot**
ex. **Pedi**cure: A simple treatment that includes pampering of the feet.
239
Root: **pelv/i**
Skeletal
**pelvis**
ex. **Pelvi**c girdle: bone of the hip,” consists of the fused bones identified individually as the ilium, ischium, and pubis
240
Root: **phalang/o**
Skeletal
**phalanges**
ex. Inter**phalange**al: the hinge joints between the phalanges of the fingers that provide flexion towards the palm of the hand.
241
Root: **pod/o**
Skeletal
**foot**
ex. **Pod**iatrist: specialize in conditions of the foot, ankle, and lower leg.
242
Root: **pub/o**
Skeletal
**pubis**
ex. **Pub**ic Symphysis: a joint sandwiched between your left pelvic bone and your right pelvic bone
243
Root: **rachi/o**
Skeletal
**spine**
ex. **Rachitis**: A condition in children in which bones become soft and deformed because they don't have enough calcium and phosphorus
244
Root: **radi/o**
Skeletal
**radius**
ex. **Radio**ulnar joint: The radioulnar joints are two joints between the two bones of the forearm: the ulna, on the medial side, and the radius, on the lateral side
245
Root: **sacr/o**
Skeletal
**sacrum**
ex. **Sacro**tuberous ligament: a stabiliser of the sacroiliac joint and connects the bony pelvis to the vertebral column
246
Root: **scapul/o**
Skeletal
**scapula**
ex. Sub**scapul**aris: under (sub) the scapula (wingbone). The largest and strongest of the rotator cuff muscles.
247
Root: **scoli/o**
Skeletal
**crooked**
ex. **Scolio**sis: a sideways curvature of the spine
248
Root: **spondyl/o**
Skeletal
**vertecrae**
ex. **Spondyl**osis: is an umbrella term for different forms of age-related degeneration of the vertebrae.
249
Root: **synov/o**
Skeletal
**synovium**
ex. **Synov**ial fluid: a thick liquid located between your joints.
250
Root: **tal/o**
Skeletal
**talus**
ex. **Talo**tibial joint: the ankle joint formed by the junction between the distal tibia and fibula and the talus
251
Root: **tars/o**
Skeletal
**tarsals**
ex. **Tarso**metatarsal: (Lisfranc joints) are arthrodial joints in the foot involveing the first, second and third cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone (all tarsals) and the metatarsal bones.
252
Root: **uln/o**
Skeletal
**ulna**
ex. Humero**uln**ar: joint between the trochlea on the medial aspect of the distal end of the humerus and the trochlear notch on the proximal ulna.
253
Root: **vertebr/o**
Skeletal
**vertebrae**
ex. Inter**vertebr**al disc: discs between each vertebra that are filled with a gelatinous substance, called the nucleus pulposus, which provides cushioning to the spinal column.
254
Root: **albumin/o**
Urinary
**albumin**
ex. **Albumin**uria: too much albumin in your urine. Albumin is a protein found in the blood.
255
Root: **azot/o**
Urinary
**nitrogenous**
ex. **Azot**emia: a biochemical abnormality, defined as elevation, or buildup of, nitrogenous products, creatinine in the blood, and other secondary waste products within the body.
256
Root: **cyst/o**
Urinary
**bladder**
ex. **Cyst**itis: inflammation of the bladder,
257
Root: **glomerul/o**
Urinary
**glomerulus**
ex. **Glomerulo**nephritis: inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus).
258
Root: **ket/o**
Urinary
**ketone bodies**
ex. **Ket**osis: metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood or urine creating a metabolic state that occurs when your body burns fat for energy instead of glucose.
259
Root: **nephr/o**
Urinary
**kidney**
ex. **Nephr**ologist: a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating kidney conditions.
260
Root: **pyel/o**
Urinary
**renal pelvis**
ex. **Pyelo**nephritis: inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the renal pelvis of the kidney.
261
Root: **ren/o**
Urinary
**kidney**
ex. Ad**ren**al glands: small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys
262
Root: **ur/o**
Urinary
**urine**
ex. **Ur**ic acid: Uric acid is a chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines that typically dissolves in blood and travels to the kidneys. From there, it passes out in urine.
263
Root: **ureter/o**
Urinary
**ureter**
ex. **Uretero**scopy: a procedure to address kidney stones, and involves the passage of a small telescope, called a ureteroscope, through the urethra and bladder and up the ureter to the point where the stone is located.
264
Root: **urethr/o**
Urinary
**urethra**
ex. **Urethr**itis: inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the body).
265
Root: **urin/o**
Urinary
**urine**
ex. **Urin**ation: the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body
266
Root: **vesic/o**
Urinary
**bladder**
ex. **Vesico**ureteral reflux: the abnormal flow of urine from your bladder back up the tubes (ureters) that connect your kidneys to your bladder.
267
Root: **blast/o**
Oncology
**germ cell**
ex. **Blast**oma: blastoma is a type of cancer, that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells, often called blasts
268
Root: **carcin/o**
Oncology
**cancer**
ex. **Carcino**gen: a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.
269
Root: **cauter/o**
Oncology
**burn**
ex. **Cauter**ize: burn the skin or flesh of (a wound) with a heated instrument or caustic substance, typically to stop bleeding or prevent the wound from becoming infected.
270
Root: **chem/o**
Oncology
**chemical**
ex. **Chemo**therapy: the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells.
271
Root: **cry/o**
Oncology
**cold**
ex. **Cryo**therapy: the use of extreme cold to freeze and remove abnormal tissue.
272
Root: **mut/a**
Oncology
**genetic change**
ex. **Muta**tion: Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.
273
Root: **onc/o**
Oncology
**tumor**
ex. **Onc**ology: the study and treatment of tumors.
274
Root: **rhabdomy/o**
Oncology
**skeletal muscle**
ex. **Rhabdomyo**lysis: when damaged muscle tissue releases its proteins and electrolytes into the blood.
275
Root: **sarc/o**
Oncology
**connective tissues**
ex. Kaposi’s **sarc**oma: a disease in which cancer cells are found in the skin or mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to anus, including the stomach and intestines.
276
Root: **aur/i**
Miscellaneous
**ear**
ex. **Auri**cle: a structure resembling an ear or earlobe.
277
Root: **bi/o**
Miscellaneous
**life**
ex. Micro**bio**logy: he branch of science that deals with microorganisms.
278
Root: **burs/o**
Miscellaneous
**bursa**
ex. **Burs**itis: a painful condition that affects the small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion the bones, tendons and muscles near your joints. Bursitis occurs when bursae become inflamed.
279
Root: **cerat/o**
Miscellaneous
**horn**
ex. Tri**cerat**ops: three-horned face
280
Root: **chir/o**
Miscellaneous
**hand**
ex. **Chiro**practor: a licensed health-care professional who treats disorders (such as back and neck pain) chiefly of the musculoskeletal system especially through the manual adjustment or manipulation of the spinal vertebrae to correct nervous system dysfunction
281
Root: **corac/o**
Miscellaneous
**crow-like**
ex. **Cora**coid: a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula ("like a raven's beak").
282
Root: **coron/o**
Miscellaneous
**crown**
ex. **Coron**oid: "like a crown") can refer to: 1) The coronoid process of the mandible, part of the ramus mandibulae of the mandible. 2) The coronoid process of the ulna, a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna
283
Root: **dextr/o**
Miscellaneous
**right**
ex. Ambi**dextr**ous: “both favorable/right” ability to use both the right and left hand equally well
284
Root: **dors/o**
Miscellaneous
**back**
ex. **Dor**sal body cavity: located along the back (posterior) surface of the human body, where it is subdivided into the cranial cavity housing the brain and the spinal cavity housing the spinal cord protected by the meninges.
285
Root: ** dynam/o**
Miscellaneous
**power**
ex. **Dynamo**meter: device used for measuring the back, grip, arm, and/or leg strength of athletes, patients, and workers to evaluate physical status, performance, and task demands.
286
Root: **ect/o**
Miscellaneous
**outside**
ex. **Ecto**pic pregnancy: a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus
287
Root: **faci/o**
Miscellaneous
**face**
ex. **Faci**al nerve: (CN VII) a cranial nerve that emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.[1][2] The nerve typically travels from the pons through the facial canal in the temporal bone and exits the skull at the stylomastoid foramen.
288
Root: **glauc/o**
Miscellaneous
**gray**
ex. **Glauc**oma: a group of eye diseases that result in damage to the optic nerve (or retina) and cause vision loss.
289
Root: **hydr/o**
Miscellaneous
**water**
ex. **Hydro**therapy: a branch of alternative medicine (particularly naturopathy), occupational therapy, and physiotherapy, that involves the use of water for pain relief and treatment.
290
Root: **irid/o**
Miscellaneous
**iris**
ex. **Irido**cyclitis: a type of anterior uveitis that involves the iris and ciliary body.
291
Root: **kerat/o**
Miscellaneous
**cornea**
ex. **Kerato**scope: an ophthalmic instrument used to assess the shape of the anterior surface of the cornea.
292
Root: **lacrim/o**
Miscellaneous
**tear**
ex. **Lacrim**al duct: transmits tears from the surface of the eye to the nasal cavity
293
Root: **lapar/o**
Miscellaneous
**abdominal wall**
ex. **Laparo**tomy: a surgical incision (cut) into the abdominal cavity.
294
Root: **myring/o**
Miscellaneous
**eardrum**
ex. **Myring**itis: inflammation of the tympanic membrane (TM), may be accompanied by hearing impairment and a sensation of congestion and earache.
295
Root: **omphal/o**
Miscellaneous
**navel**
ex. **Omphalo**cele: a birth defect of the abdominal (belly) wall. The infant's intestines, liver, or other organs stick outside of the belly through the belly button
296
Root: **ophthalam/o**
Miscellaneous
**eye**
ex. **Ophthalamo**scope: an instrument for inspecting the retina and other parts of the eye.
297
Root: **phot/o**
Miscellaneous
**light**
ex. **Photo**sensitivity: A condition in which the skin becomes very sensitive to sunlight or other forms of ultraviolet light and may burn easily.
298
Root: **py/o**
Miscellaneous
**pus**
ex. **Pyo**derma: “pus in the skin” and can be caused by infectious, inflammatory, and/or neoplastic etiologies; any condition that results in the accumulation of neutrophilic exudate can be termed a pyoderma.
299
Root: **pyr/o**
Miscellaneous
**heat**
ex. Anti**pyr**etic: a drug used to prevent or reduce fever.
300
Root: **therm/o**
Miscellaneous
**heat**
ex. **Thermo**meter: a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient (the degree of hotness or coldness of an object)
301
Root: **tympan/o**
Miscellaneous
**eardrum**
ex. **Tympan**itis: an inflamed tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum.
302
Root: **ventr/o**
Miscellaneous
**belly**
ex. **Ventr**al body cavity: cavity that is in the anterior (front) aspect of the human body. It is made up of the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity.
303
Root: **viscer/o**
Miscellaneous
**internal organs**
ex. **Viscer**optosis: a prolapse or a sinking of the internal organs below their natural position
304
Root: **zo/o**
Miscellaneous
**animal**
ex. **Zoo**notic: an infectious disease that is transmitted between species from animals to humans (or from humans to animals).
305
Prefix: **a-**
**without**
ex. **A**vascular: associated with a lack of blood vessels.
306
Prefix: **ab-**
**away**
ex. **Ab**duction: the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part.
307
Prefix: **ad-**
**towards**
ex. **Ad**duction: the movement of a limb or other part toward the midline of the body or toward another part.
308
Prefix: **af-**
**towards**
ex. **Af**ferent: conducting or conducted inward or toward something (for nerves, the central nervous system; for blood vessels, the organ supplied).
309
Prefix: **allo-**
**other**
ex. **Allo**patric speciation: when populations of a species, due to certain factors, evolve to become new, distinct species.
310
Prefix: **an-**
**wthouti**
ex. **An**emia: a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells
311
Prefix: **ana-**
**against**
ex. **Ana**phylaxis: a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction.
312
Prefix: **ante-**
**before**
ex. **Ante**cubital: relating to the inner or front surface of the forearm.
313
Prefix: **anti-**
**against**
ex. **Anti**biotic: a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
314
Prefix: **auto-**
**self**
ex. **Auto**nomy: the right or condition of self-government.
315
Prefix: **bi-**
**two**
ex. **Bi**ceps: any of several muscles having two points of attachment at one end.
316
Prefix: **brady-**
**slow**
ex. **Brady**cardia: a slower than normal heart rate.
317
Prefix: **circum-**
**around**
ex. **Circum**duction: movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed.
318
Prefix: **contra-**
**against**
ex. **Contra**indication: Anything (including a symptom or medical condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a particular treatment or procedure because it may be harmful.
319
Prefix: **de-**
**cessation**
ex. **De**generation: deterioration and loss of function in the cells of a tissue or organ.
320
Prefix: **di-**
**double**
ex. **Di**amelia: absence of two limbs
321
Prefix: **dia-**
**through**
ex. **Dia**lysis: cleansing the blood by passing it through a special machine
322
Prefix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
323
Prefix: **dys-**
**difficult**
ex. **Dys**plasia: bad formation; abnormal growth or development
324
Prefix: **ec-**
**out**
ex. **Ec**topic pregnancy: occurs when a fertilized egg grows outside of the uterus
325
Prefix: **echo-**
**repeated sound**
ex. **Echo**lalia: meaningless repetition of words just spoken by another person, occurring as a symptom of mental conditions; repetition of speech by a child learning to talk.
326
Prefix: **ef-**
**away**
ex. **Ef**ferent: conducted or conducting outward or away from something (for nerves, the central nervous system; for blood vessels, the organ supplied).
327
Prefix: **ecto-**
**Outside**
ex. **Ecto**derm: the outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the epidermis and nerve tissue.
328
Prefix: **en-/endo-**
**within**
ex. **Endo**metreosis: endo ''inside'', metra ''uterus'' and osis '' disease,'' remains to some extent vague, with the most common clinical symptoms being pelvic pain and infertility.
329
Prefix: **epi-**
**above**
ex. **Epi**dermis: the surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis.
330
Prefix: **eso-**
**inward**
ex. **Eso**teric: intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest.
331
Prefix: **eu-**
**good**
ex. **Eu**phoria: a state of great happiness, well-being and excitement, which may be normal, or abnormal and inappropriate when associated with psychoactive drugs, manic states, or brain disease or injury.
332
Prefix: **ex-/exo-**
**outside**
ex. **Ex**cretion: (in living organisms and cells) the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.
333
Prefix: **extra-**
**outside**
ex. **Extra**corporial: situated or occurring outside the body.
334
Prefix: **hemi-**
**half**
ex. **Hemi**plegia: paralysis of one side of the body.
335
Prefix: **hetero-**
**different**
ex. **Hetero**chromia: different colored eyes in the same person.
336
Prefix: **homo-**
**same**
ex. **Homo**genous: having uniform properties.
337
Prefix: **hyper-**
**excessive**
ex. **Hyper**thyroidism: overactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs.
338
Prefix: **hypo-**
**below**
ex. **Hypo**xia: A condition in which there is a decrease in the oxygen supply to a tissue.
339
Prefix: **im-**
**not**
ex. **Im**potence: An inability to have an erection of the penis adequate for sexual intercourse
340
Prefix: **infra-**
**below**
ex. **Infra**spinatus: below (infra) the spine. The infraspinatus muscle originates below the "spine" of the scapula (the wingbone)
341
Prefix: **inter-**
**between**
ex. **Inter**osseous: situated between bones.
342
Prefix: **intra-**
**inside**
ex. **Intra**osseous: situated within, occurring within, or administered by entering a bone.
343
Prefix: **iso-**
**same**
ex. **Iso**tonic: muscles exhibiting the same tension
344
Prefix: **macro-**
**large**
ex. **Macro**phage: A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells. Enlarge. Blood cells.
345
Prefix: **mal-**
**bad**
ex. **Mal**ignant: A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues.
346
Prefix: **meso-**
**middle**
ex. **Meso**thelioma: A benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer) tumor affecting the lining of the chest or abdomen
347
Prefix: **meta-**
**change**
ex. **Meta**physis: The growing part of a long bone. The metaphysis lies between the growth plate (the EPIPHYSIS) and the shaft (the diaphysis).
348
Prefix: **micro-**
**small**
ex. **Micro**organism: a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium, virus, or fungus.
349
Prefix: **mono-**
**one**
ex. **Mono**cyte: a white cell with a singular nucleus
350
Prefix: **multi-**
**many**
ex. **Multi**para: a woman (or female animal) who has had more than one pregnancy resulting in viable offspring.
351
Prefix: **neo-**
**new**
ex. **Neo**natal: relating to newborn children (or other mammals).
352
Prefix: **nulli-**
**none**
ex. **Nulli**fy: make of no use or value; cancel out.
"insulin can block the release of the hormone and thereby nullify the effects of training"
353
Prefix: **oxy-**
**sharp**
ex. **Oxy**tocin: sharp" or "swift","childbirth". The adjective form is "oxytocic", which refers to medicines which stimulate uterine contractions, to speed up the process of childbirth.
354
Prefix: **pan-**
**all**
ex. **Pan**demic: sudden outbreak that becomes very widespread and affects a whole region, a continent, or the world due to a susceptible population.
355
Prefix: **para-**
**beside**
ex. **Para**thyroid: glands are two pairs of small, oval-shaped glands. They are located next to the two thyroid gland lobes in the neck.
356
Prefix: **per-**
**through**
ex. **Per**itoneum: "a membrane that is stretched around". The peritoneum is a thin serosal membranous sac found in the abdominopelvic cavity.
357
Prefix: **peri-**
**around**
ex. **Peri**osteum: the membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones.
358
Prefix: **poly-**
**many**
ex. **Poly**cythemia: A disease in which there are too many red blood cells in the bone marrow and blood, causing the blood to thicken.
359
Prefix: **post-**
**after**
ex. **Post**partum: after childbirth
360
Prefix: **pro-**
**before**
ex. **Pro**gesterone: a female steroid sex hormone that is secreted by the corpus luteum to prepare the endometrium for implantation and later by the placenta during pregnancy to prevent rejection of the developing embryo or fetus.
361
Prefix: **pre-**
**before**
ex. **Pre**patellar bursitis: an inflammation of the bursa in the front of the kneecap (patella). It occurs when the bursa becomes irritated and produces too much fluid, which causes it to swell and put pressure on the adjacent parts of the knee.
362
Prefix: **pseudo-**
**false**
ex. **Pseudo**hernia: an inflamed sac or gland simulating strangulated hernia.
363
Prefix: **quadri-**
**four**
ex. **Quadri**ceps: four headed. This is because people separate this muscle group into four distinct portions that all work together to help extend the leg.
364
Prefix: **retro-**
**behind**
ex. **Retro**peritoneal: situated behind the peritoneum
365
Prefix: **semi-**
**half**
ex. **Semi**supine: pertaining to a posture that is between a midposition and the supine position.
366
Prefix: **sub-**
**under**
ex. **Sub**scapularis: under (sub) the scapula (wingbone). It is part of the four rotator cuff muscles, the other three are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles.
367
Prefix: **super-**
**above**
ex. **Super**ior: toward the head end of the body; upper
368
Prefix: **supra-**
**above**
ex. **Supra**spinatus: a muscle of the back of the shoulder that arises from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula above its spine
369
Prefix: **sym-**
**together**
ex. Pubic **sym**phasis: The area in the front of the pelvis where the pubic bones meet.
370
Prefix: **syn-**
**together**
ex. **Syn**ergist: something (such as a chemical or a muscle) that enhances the effectiveness of an active agent; broadly
371
Prefix: **tachy-**
**rapid**
ex. **Tachy**cardia: Rapid beating of the heart, usually defined as greater than 100 beats per minute
372
Prefix: **torti-**
**twisted**
ex. **Torti**collis: when the muscles of your neck spasm (cramp) and cause your neck to twist to one side.
373
Prefix: **trans-**
**through**
ex. **Trans**dermal: Absorbed through the unbroken skin.
374
Prefix: **tri-**
**three**
ex. **Tri**ceps brachii: a three-headed muscle found in the posterior compartment of the arm.
375
Prefix: **ultra-**
**excessive**
ex. **Ultra**sound: A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the body.
376
Prefix: **uni-**
**one**
ex. **Uni**lateral: Having to do with one side of the body.
377
Suffix: **-ac**
****
ex. ****:
378
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
379
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
380
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
381
Suffixes: **-**
****
ex. ****:
382
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
383
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
384
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
385
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
386
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
387
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
388
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
389
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
390
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
391
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
392
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
393
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
394
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
395
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
396
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
397
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
398
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
399
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
400
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
401
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
402
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
403
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
404
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
405
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
406
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
407
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
408
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
409
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
410
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
411
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
412
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
413
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
414
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
415
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
416
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
417
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
418
Suffix: **-**
****
ex. ****:
