Medical Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
a-
A
not, without, less
2
Q
ab-, abs-
A
from, away from, off
3
Q
acou-
A
hearing
4
Q
acr(o)-
A
extremity
5
Q
ad-
A
increase, adherence, motion toward
6
Q
aden(o)-
A
gland
7
Q
adipo(o)-
A
fat
8
Q
-al.
A
pertaining to
9
Q
alb(o)-
A
white
10
Q
alge(si)-, albion-, algo-
A
pain
11
Q
allo-
A
other, different
12
Q
ambi-
A
around, on (both sides), on all sides, both
13
Q
amyl(o)-
A
starch
14
Q
an-
A
not, without, less
15
Q
andr(o)-
A
male
16
Q
angi(o)-
A
vessel
17
Q
ankylo-
A
crooked
18
Q
ante-
A
before
19
Q
anti-
A
against
20
Q
apo-
A
separated from, derived from
21
Q
-ar.
A
pertaining to
22
Q
-arche.
A
beginning
23
Q
arteri(o)-
A
artery
24
Q
arthr(o)-
A
joint
25
-ary.
pertaining to
26
-ase.
enzyme
27
athero-
pasty, fatty
28
audi(o)-
hearing
29
aur(i)-
ear
30
aut(o)-
self, same
31
bacteri(o)-
bacteria
32
bi-
twice, double
33
bio-
life
34
blasto-
budding of cells or tissue
35
brachi(o)-
arm
36
brachy-
short
37
bronch-, bronch(i)-
bronchus
38
brady-
slow
39
carcin(o)-
cancer
40
cardi(o)-
heart
41
carpo-
wrist
42
caud(o)-
tail, lower part of body
43
-cele.
hernia, swelling
44
cephal(o)-
the head
45
cervic(o)-
neck, uterine cervix
46
chir(o)-
hand
47
cho(e)-
bile
48
chondrio-, chondr(o)-
cartilage, granular, gritty
49
-cidal, -cide.
killing, destroying
50
-clast.
breaker
51
co-, col-
with, together, in association
52
com-, con-
with, together, in association
53
contra-
opposed, against
54
cost(o)-
rib
55
crani(o)-
cranium
56
-crine.
secretion
57
cry(o)-
cold
58
cyan(o)-
blue
59
cyst(i)-, cyst(o)-
bladder, cyst
60
cyt-, -cyte, cyto-
cell
61
dactyl(o)-
finger, toe
62
de-
away from, cessation
63
derm-, derma-, dermato-, demo-
skin
64
-desis.
binding
65
dextr(o)-
right, toward or on the right side
66
di-, dif-, dir-, dis-
separation, taking apart, reversal
67
duo-
two
68
duodeno-
duodenum
69
-dynia.
pain
70
dys-
bad, difficult, wrong
71
ect(o)-
outer, on the outside
72
-ectasia, -ectasis.
dilation, stretching
73
-ectomy.
excision
74
encephal(o)-
brain
75
end(o)-
within, inner
76
enter(o)-
intestine
77
ent(o)-
inner, within
78
ep-, epi-
upon, follow
79
erythr(o)-
red, redness
80
esthesio-
sensation, perception
81
eu-
good, well
82
ex-
out of, from, away from
83
exo-
exterior, external, outward
84
extra-
without, outside of
85
fibr(o)-
fiber
86
-form.
in the form or shape of
87
galact(o)-
milk
88
gastr(o)-
stomach, belly
89
gen-, -gen.
productions, precursor, coming to be
90
gloss(o)-
tongue
91
gluco-
glucose
92
glyco-
sugars
93
gonio-
angle
94
-gram.
writing, recording
95
granul(o)-
granular
96
gyn(e)-, gyneco-, gyno-
woman
97
hem(a)-, heat(o), hemo-
blood
98
hepat-, hepatico-, hepato-
liver
99
hemi-
one-half
100
hidr(o)-
sweat
101
hist-, histio-, histo-
tissue
102
homeo-
same, constant
103
hydr(o)-
water, hydrogen
104
hyper-
above normal, excessive
105
hypo-
below normal, deficient
106
hyster(o)-
uterus
107
-ia.
condition
108
-iasis.
condition, infection
109
-ic.
pertaining to
110
ileo-
ileum
111
ilio-
ilium
112
in-
in, not
113
infra-
below
114
inguino-
groin
115
inter-
between, among
116
intra-, intro-
within
117
ischi(o)-
ischium
118
-ism.
condition, disease
119
-ismus.
spasm, contraction
120
iso-
equal, like, sameness
121
-ite.
of the nature of, sameness
122
-itis.
inflammation
123
kal(i)-
potassium
124
kary(o)-
nucleus
125
kerat(o)-
cornea, cornified, epithelium
126
kin(e)-, kinesi(o)-, kineso-, kino-
movement
127
labio-
lip
128
lacrim(o)-
tears
129
lact(i)-, lacto-
milk
130
laparo-
abdomen, abdominal wall
131
laryng(o)-
larynx
132
lateri-, latero-
lateral, to one side, side
133
-lepsis, -lepsy.
seizure
134
leuk(o)-
white
135
lien(o)-
spleen
136
linguo-
tongue
137
lip(o)-
fat, lipid
138
lith(o)-
stone, calculus, calcification
139
-logy.
study of, collecting
140
lymph(o)-
lymph, lymphocyte
141
lys(o)-, -lysis-, -lytic.
dissolution, disintegration
142
macr(o)-
large
143
mal-
bad, deficient
144
-malacia.
softening
145
mamm-, mamm(a)-, mammo-
breast
146
mast(o)-
breast
147
meg(a)-, megal(o)-
large, oversized
148
-megaly.
enlargement
149
melan(o)-
black
150
men(o)-
menstruation
151
mening(o)-
meninges
152
mes(o)-
middle, attaching membrane
153
meta-
after, joint action
154
metr(o)-
uterus
155
micr(o)-
small, microscopic
156
mon(o)-
single
157
morph(o)-
form, shape, structure
158
my(o)-
muscle
159
myel(o)-
bone marrow, spinal cord
160
myring(o)-
tympanic membrane
161
myx(o)-
mucus
162
nas(o)-
nose
163
natr(i)-
sodium
164
necr(o)-
death, necrosis
165
neo-
new
166
nephr(o)-
kidney
167
neur(i)-, neuro-
nerve, nervous system
168
norm(o)-
normal
169
ocul(o)-
eye
170
odyn(o)-, -odynia.
pain
171
-oid.
resemblance to
172
olig(o)-
few, little
173
-oma.
tumor, neoplasm
174
-omata.
pleural of oma
175
oncho-, onco-
tumors, bulk, volume
176
-one.
ketone
177
onych(o)-, -onychia.
fingernail, toenail
178
oo-
ovum, oocyte, ovary
179
oophor(o)-
ovary
180
ophthalm(o)-
eye
181
-opia, -opsia, -opsis.
vision
182
or-, ori-, oro-
mouth
183
orchi-, orchid(o)-, orchi(o)-
testes
184
-ose.
sugar
185
-oses.
plural of -osis
186
-osis.
process, condition, state
187
osseo-
bony
188
ossi-, ost(e)-, osteo-
bone
189
ovari(o)-
ovary
190
ov(i)-, ovo-
ovum, oocyte
191
pachy-
thick
192
pan-
all, entire
193
para-
beside, near, similar, abnormal
194
path(o)-
disease, abnormality
195
-pathy.
disease, abnormality
196
ped(i)-, pedo-
child, foot
197
-penia.
deficiency
198
per-
through, thoroughly, intensely
199
peri-
around, about
200
-phage, -phagia, phago-, -phagy.
eating, devouring
201
pharyng(o)-
pharynx
202
phleb(o)-
vein
203
-phobe, -phobia.
fear, chemical repulsion
204
phon(o)-
sound, speech
205
-phrenia.
mind
206
physi(o)-
physical, natural
207
plan(i)-, plano-
flat
208
-plasia.
formation
209
-plagia.
paralysis
210
-pnea, -pneo.
breath, respiration
211
pneum(a)-, pneumat(o)-
air, gas, lung, breathing
212
-poiesis, -poietic.
production
213
poly-
many, multiple
214
post-
after, behind, posterior
215
pre-
anterior, before
216
presby-
old
217
pro-
before, forward, precursor
218
prot(o)-
first
219
pseud(o)-
false
220
psych(e)-, psycho-
mind
221
-ptosis.
sagging, falling
222
pyel(o)-
renal, (pelvis)
223
pyo-
suppuration, pus
224
pyro-
fire, heat, fever
225
radio-
radiation, x-ray, radius
226
re-
again, back, backward
227
rect(o)-
rectum
228
reno-
kidney
229
retro-
backward, behind
230
rhin(o)-
nose
231
-rrhagia.
discharge, bleeding
232
-rrhea.
flow
233
sacro-
sacrum
234
sarco-
flesh, muscle
235
schisto-, schiz(o)-
split, cleft, division
236
scler(o)-
hardness, ocular sclera
237
scolio-
crooked
238
-scope.
instrument for viewing
239
-scopy.
viewing
240
scot(o)-
shadow, darkness
241
semi-
one-half, partly
242
sept-
infection
243
sin-, sin(o)-, sinu-
sinus
244
somat-, somato-, somatico-
body, bodily
245
son(o)-
sound, ultrasound
246
spasmo-
spasm
247
spir(o)-
breathing
248
splanchn(i)-, splanchno-
viscera
249
spen(o)-
spleen
250
-stasis.
stopping
251
steno-
narrowness, constriction
252
stom(a)-, stomat(o)-
mouth
253
sub-
beneath, less than normal, inferior
254
super-
above, in excess, superior
255
supra-
above
256
sy-, syl-, sym-, syn-, sys-
together
257
tachy-
rapid
258
ten-, tendin-, teno-, tenont(o)-
tendon
259
therm(o)-
heat
260
thora-, thorac(i)-, thoracico-, thoraco-
chest, thorax
261
thromb(o)-
blood clot
262
-tomy.
cutting operation
263
tox(i)-, toxico-, toxo-
toxic
264
trache(o)-
trachea
265
trans-
across, through, beyond
266
-trophic, tropho-, -trophy.
food, nutrition
267
-tropia, -tropic, -trophy.
affinity, tendency
268
ultra-
beyond
269
uni-
one, single
270
uria-
urine, urination
271
uro-
urine, urinary tract
272
vas-
duct, blood vessel
273
vasculo-
blood vessel
274
vaso-
duct, blood vessel
275
vesic(o)-
urinary bladder, vesicle
276
xanth(o)-
yellow
277
xero-
dry
278
zym(o)-
enzyme
279
sagittal plane
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves. a mid-sagittarius plane passes through the midline of the body
280
frontal (coronal) plane
a vertical plane at a right angle to the sagittal plane, that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions
281
transverse (horizontal) plane
a plane that is at right angles to the frontal and sagittal planes. the transverse plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the body
282
anterior (ventral)
nearer to or at the front of the body
283
posterior (dorsal)
nearer to or at the back of the body
284
lateral
farther from the midline of the body
285
proximal
nearer to the point of origin. nearer to the attachment of an extremity to the trunk
286
distal
farther from the point of origin. father from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk
287
superior
nearer to the vertex of the head
288
inferior
nearer to the soles of the feet
289
longitudinal
running lengthwise; in the direction of the long axis of the body or any of its parts
290
ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
291
contralateral
on the opposite side of the body
292
abduction
movement of a limb or body part away from the midline of the body
293
adduction
movement of a limb or body part toward the midline of the body
294
extension
straightening of a joint or extremity so that the angle between the articulating bones is increased
295
flexion
bending of a joint or extremity so that the angle between the articulating bones is decreased
296
eversion
movement of the foot so that the sole is turned laterally (facing away from the midline)
297
inversion
moment of the foot so that the sole is turned medically (facing toward the midline)
298
pronation
1) movement of the body into a position of lying face downward
2) movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned posteriorly when the arm is in the anatomical position or downward when the arm is flexed at a right angle
299
supination
1) movement of the body unto a position of lying face upward
2) movement of the forearm in which the pal of the hand is turned anterior when the arm is in the anatomical position or upward when the arm is flexed at a right angle to the body
300
anatomical position
the position of the body when the subject is standing erect facing the observer, the upper extremities at the side and the palms turned forward
301
supine position
position in which the body is lying facing upward
302
prone position
position in which the body is lying face downward
303
lateral decubitus (recumbent) position
the position of the body when the subject is lying on their side. the lateral position is named by the side that is situation against the table or radiographic table. for a left lateral decubitus position the patient’s left side is placed against the table or radiographic table
304
anteroposterior (AP) projection
the patient is either supine (face up) on the radiographic table or erect with their back against a vertical grid device. the x-ray m, enters the front (anterior) surface of the body and exits the back (posterior) surface
305
posteroanterior (PA) projection
the patient is either prone (face down) on the radiographic table or erect facing the vertical grid device. the x-ray beam enters the back (posterior) surface of the body and exits the front (anterior) surface
306
lateral projection
the patient is lying on either side of the radiographic table (lateral decubitus) or standing with neither side against a vertical grid device. the lateral projection is always names by the side of the patient that is placed next to the film
307
oblique projection
the patient is rotated into a position that does not produce either a frontal (AP or PA) or lateral projection
308
static listing
a concept that analyzes the position (alignment) of one bone relative to what is considered its correct position
every bone is assigned a reference point (i.e, in a vertebra, the vertebral body is commonly used as its reference point).
the listing describes the position of the bones reference point relative to its correct position. for example, in the listing- L4 right rotation malposition - the position (alignment) of the body of the fourth lumbar vertebrae is rotated to the right of the position it should normally be found in. your goal as a chiropractor would be to contact the vertebra and adjust it in such a way as to place it back into its correct position
309
motion listing
a concept that analyzes a bone’s ability to move in a particular plane of motion.
the listing describes the plane of motion in which the bone’s (reference point) does not properly move within.
for example, in the listing - L4 right rotation restriction - the fourth lumbar vertebrae does not properly move within the plane of right rotation. your goal as a chiropractor would be to contact the vertebrae and adjust it in such a way as to restore normal motion in the plane of right rotation.
310
hierarchy of research evidence
from highest to lowest
311
systematic review & meta-analysis
highest/strongest level evidence
312
systematic review
a type of scientific literature review that utilizes very strict, well defined methods of locating, appraising, and synthesizing all of the research that is available on a given topic
313
meta-analysis
a type of systematic review that incorporates additional statistical methods to combine the data from the studies included in a review
314
randomized controlled trial
a type of research design wherein a sample of patients is randomly divided into two groups: one that receives the genuine treatment and another that receives a placebo or sham treatment
315
cohort study
an observational study that involves two groups of subjects being followed forward in time. one group is exposed to some known or suspected cause of a disease while the other group is not exposed. the outcomes of the groups are compared at the study’s conclusion in an attempt to identify casual factors
316
case controlled study
a retrospective observational study that compares exposure in two groups of subjects. subjects in one group have the disease (cases), whereas those in the other group are free of the disease (controls)
317
case series
a single group of patients is treated and outcomes are assessed. no comparison (control) group is involved
318
case report
an observational study that discusses the clinical management of one or a few patients. also known as a case study
319
expert opinion
the published opinion, editorial, or commentary of experts in the field
320
animal research & laboratory studies
lowest/weakest level evidence
321
pleur(a)-, pleuro-
rib, side, plaura
