MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Question 1

Refers to the study of organisms too small to be

seen by the unaided eye

Answer 1

MIROBIOLOGY

Question 2

focuses on the study of protozoans, the simplest and

most primitive forms of animal life

Answer 2

PROTOZOOLOGY

Question 3

the scientific study of fungi (yeast and mold)

Answer 3

MYCOLOGY

Question 4

studies bacteria, an example of a prokaryotic organism

Answer 4

Bacteriology

Question 5

focuses on the study of rickettsiae, which are considered transitional organisms between bacteria and viruses

Answer 5

Rickettsiology

Question 6

the scientific study of virus, an acellular entity that contains either DNA or RNA but never both and uses the cellular machinery of living organisms to survive.

Answer 6

Virology

Question 7

suggested that disease was caused by “ invisible living

creatures”

Answer 7

Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 8

gave syphilis its name in the 16th century

Answer 8

Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 9

“Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology”

Answer 9

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 10

he discovered bacteria, free – living and parasitic microscopic protists, sperm cells, blood cells, parasites and fungi.

Answer 10

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 11

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 11

one of the early microscopists whose self – made
single lens microscope enabled the study of minute
organisms

Question 12

He disputed the Theory of Spontaneous Generation

Answer 12

Francesco Redi

Question 13

believed that fly maggots did not arise spontaneously
from decaying meat if the meat was covered to prevent
the entry of insects

Answer 13

Francesco Redi

Question 14

showed that tightly – covered boiled meat broth

became cloudy due to microbial contamination

Answer 14

John Needham

Question 15

believed that organic matter possesses a unique force that brings forth life

Answer 15

John Needham

Question 16

he improved Needham’s experiment by controlling the
entry of air in the flask set – up and observed that no microbial growth is suggestive of air as a possible source of contamination

Answer 16

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 17

credited for his development of the principles of

vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization

Answer 17

Louis Pasteur

Question 18

souring of wine and dairy products is caused by the

presence of bacteria

Answer 18

Louis Pasteur

Question 19

proved that yeasts are useful in converting sugar into alcohol (wine) in the absence of air (fermentation) but if done wrong, vinegar is produced instead.

Answer 19

Louis Pasteur

Question 20

British surgeon and pioneer of antiseptic surgery who
introduced the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as a
chemical sterilizing agent for surgical instruments

Answer 20

Joseph Lister

Question 21

credited for the Gram – staining technique which is
used to distinguish two major groups of bacteria:
a. Gram positive (+)
b. Gram negative (-)

Answer 21

Hans Christian Gram

Question 22

discovered the powerful antiobiotic, bezylpenicillin (Penicillin G) from mold, Penicillium notatum

Answer 22

Alexander Fleming

Question 23

established the theory that etiologic agents cause

diseases

Answer 23

Robert Koch

Question 24

WHO discovered the following agents:

a. Bacillus antracis (anthrax)
b. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)
c. Vibrio cholera (cholera)

Answer 24

Robert Koch

Question 25

the lipoprotein layer that surrounds the cytoplasm

regulates the transport of solutes in and out of the cell

Answer 25

Cell membrane

Question 26

-the semi – rigid casing that provides structural shape

and support to the cell

Answer 26

Cell wall

Question 27

its synthesis and structure have been the primary target

of antimicrobial agents

Answer 27

cell wall

Question 28

its reaction to stains determine whether the bacteria is

Gram(+) or Gram(-)

Answer 28

Cell wall

Question 29

the sites of protein synthesis, they give the cytoplasm a

granular structure

Answer 29

ribosomes

Question 30

the region where the DNA is concentrated

Answer 30

Nucleoid

Question 31

the protective layer of a bacterium that resists cellular

phagocytosis and dessication

Answer 31

Capsule

Question 32

the hair – like proteinaceous structures that extend

from the cell membrane into the external environment

Answer 32

pili

Question 33

Two types of Neisseria gonorrheae

Answer 33

somatic pili – for cell adhesion

sex pili – for the conjugation process

Question 34

the structures that allow the bacteria to move

Answer 34

Flagellum

Question 35

composed of three distinct parts:

a. filament
b. hook
c. basal body

Answer 35

Flagellum

Question 36

• the structures that allow bacteria to resist the

sterilization process

Answer 36

Spores (endospores)

Question 37

-composed of calcium dipicolinate

Answer 37

Spores (endospores)

Question 38

-the food reserves of bacteria

Answer 38

Inclusion bodies