Medical Surge Neoplasm Flashcards
these cells develop when normal cells mutate into abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably and spread within the body
cancer cells
study of cancer; physician who specialized in caring for patients with cancer
oncology
oncologist
how many years after damage to DNA can it take for cancer to appear
10-20 year
The most frequent cancers are
Skin and breast
which cancer is most common for men only
prostate
what cancer is 2nd and 3rd most common in men and women
lung and colorectal
any changes or disruption in a gene that can produce an abnormal cell may become
cancerous
a mass of abnormal cells that grows independently of its surrounding structure and have no physiologic purpose is
Neoplasm / tumor
Neo = new
plasm = tissue
Their ___ is based on potential to damage the body and their growth characteristics
benign or malignant
classification
The development of malignancies involve complex interactions of __, __ and __ factors
genetic, biologic, environmental
localized growths with cell defined borders (encapsulated), that are slow growing, easily removed; low in incidence recurrence and can be destructive to surrounding tissue and obstruct function of organs is a
benign tumor
grows aggressively, has irregular shape and cut through surrounding tissues, causes bleeding, inflammation and necrosis, it can recur after surgical removal and treatment and can travel through blood or lymph is a
malignant tumor
suppression of the ___ is a major factor in establishment of metastatic lesions
immune system
__% of cancers have metastasized by the time of diagnosis
50
Cancer cells invade blood vessels, gaining access into the ___. Once in the blood most cancerous cells are destroyed by the ___; however even one ___ cell can move out the blood into the tissue. Once in the new site, the new malignant cells multiply and establish a ___ (secondary) ___.
circulation immune system undetected metastatic tumor
Cancer causing agents, process in which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells,
cancer begins with transformation of a single normally functioning cell inept a cancer cell
carcinogenesis
genes capable of promoting uncontrolled cell growth which are normally repressed
invading viruses may switch on a cells oncogenesis, causing the cell to replicate faster
normally inhibitory factors that prevent uncontrolled cell growth are suppressed, this allows the transformed cell to develop into a tumor that invades another body tissue
Oncogenes
Viruses
Hep B = Liver cancer
HIV = kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma
HPV = melanoma, cervical, penile and laryngeal
Carcinogens
chemotherapy = recreational drug use = hormones (estrogen) = are related changes = anabolic steroids =
damage to normal cells = new malignancies suppress the immune system cervical, breast, & endometrial cancers < testosterone = prostate cancer tumor development
tobacco pesticides wood and leather dust paints foods-
chemicals
- carcinogens added during preparation or preservatives (pickled, salted foods)
excessive exposure to radiation
increases rates of cancer
uncontrolled risk factor
age:
gender:
heredity:
Poverty:
75% in > 55; postmenopausal on hormone replacement = breast and uterine cancer
Women: breast/thyroid more common; Men: bladder and prostate
breast, colorectal, lung and prostate
inadequate access to health care for early detection; lifestyle risks = diet, stress
