Medical Surge Neoplasm

Question 1

these cells develop when normal cells mutate into abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably and spread within the body

Answer 1

cancer cells

Question 2

study of cancer; physician who specialized in caring for patients with cancer

Answer 2

oncology

oncologist

Question 3

how many years after damage to DNA can it take for cancer to appear

Answer 3

10-20 year

Question 4

The most frequent cancers are

Answer 4

Skin and breast

Question 5

which cancer is most common for men only

Answer 5

prostate

Question 6

what cancer is 2nd and 3rd most common in men and women

Answer 6

lung and colorectal

Question 7

any changes or disruption in a gene that can produce an abnormal cell may become

Answer 7

cancerous

Question 8

a mass of abnormal cells that grows independently of its surrounding structure and have no physiologic purpose is

Answer 8

Neoplasm / tumor
Neo = new
plasm = tissue

Question 9

Their ___ is based on potential to damage the body and their growth characteristics
benign or malignant

Answer 9

classification

Question 10

The development of malignancies involve complex interactions of __, __ and __ factors

Answer 10

genetic, biologic, environmental

Question 11

localized growths with cell defined borders (encapsulated), that are slow growing, easily removed; low in incidence recurrence and can be destructive to surrounding tissue and obstruct function of organs is a

Answer 11

benign tumor

Question 12

grows aggressively, has irregular shape and cut through surrounding tissues, causes bleeding, inflammation and necrosis, it can recur after surgical removal and treatment and can travel through blood or lymph is a

Answer 12

malignant tumor

Question 13

suppression of the ___ is a major factor in establishment of metastatic lesions

Answer 13

immune system

Question 14

__% of cancers have metastasized by the time of diagnosis

Answer 14

50

Question 15

Cancer cells invade blood vessels, gaining access into the ___. Once in the blood most cancerous cells are destroyed by the ___; however even one ___ cell can move out the blood into the tissue. Once in the new site, the new malignant cells multiply and establish a ___ (secondary) ___.

Answer 15

circulation 
immune system
undetected 
metastatic 
tumor

Question 16

Cancer causing agents, process in which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells,
cancer begins with transformation of a single normally functioning cell inept a cancer cell

Answer 16

carcinogenesis

Question 17

genes capable of promoting uncontrolled cell growth which are normally repressed
invading viruses may switch on a cells oncogenesis, causing the cell to replicate faster
normally inhibitory factors that prevent uncontrolled cell growth are suppressed, this allows the transformed cell to develop into a tumor that invades another body tissue

Answer 17

Oncogenes

Question 18

Viruses
Hep B = Liver cancer
HIV = kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma
HPV = melanoma, cervical, penile and laryngeal

Answer 18

Carcinogens

Question 19

chemotherapy = 
recreational drug use = 
hormones (estrogen) = 
are related changes =
anabolic steroids =

Answer 19

damage to normal cells = new malignancies 
suppress the immune system 
cervical, breast, & endometrial cancers 
< testosterone = prostate cancer 
tumor development

Question 20

tobacco 
pesticides 
wood and leather dust 
paints
foods-

Answer 20

chemicals

- carcinogens added during preparation or preservatives (pickled, salted foods)

Question 21

excessive exposure to radiation

Answer 21

increases rates of cancer

Question 22

uncontrolled risk factor

age:
gender:
heredity:
Poverty:

Answer 22

75% in > 55; postmenopausal on hormone replacement = breast and uterine cancer
Women: breast/thyroid more common; Men: bladder and prostate
breast, colorectal, lung and prostate
inadequate access to health care for early detection; lifestyle risks = diet, stress