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Critical Numbers > Medical Statistics > Flashcards

Medical Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of variables?

A 
Categorical 
- binary
- ordinal 
- nominal
Numerical 
- continuous 
- discrete
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2
Q

what are binary variables?

A

can only have 1 of 2 variables

- e.g. yes or no

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3
Q

what are nominal variables?

A

no distinct hierarchy

- e.g. hair colour

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4
Q

what are ordinal variables?

A

distinct hierarchy/order

- e.g. social class

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5
Q

what are continuous variables?

A

can take any value in a given range

- e.g. height, age

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6
Q

what are discrete variables?

A

values must be whole numbers

- e.g. number of people

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7
Q

how would you display categorical data?

A

display on frequency

  • bar charts
  • pie charts
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8
Q

how would you display numerical data?

A

display using different graphs due to nature of data

  • histograms
  • box & whisker plots
  • scatter plots
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9
Q

what is the sensitivity?

A

ability of a test to detect true positives

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10
Q

how would you calculate sensitivity?

A

TP/(TP+FN)

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11
Q

how would you calculate specificity?

A

TN/(TN+FP)

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12
Q

how would you calculate positive predictive value?

A

TP/(TP+FP)

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13
Q

how would you calculate negative predictive value?

A

TN/(FN+TN)

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14
Q

what is the specificity?

A

ability of a test to successfully exclude negatives

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15
Q

what is the positive predictive value?

A

probability that subjects with a positive screening truly have the disease

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16
Q

what is the negative predictive value?

A

probability that subjects with a negative screening test truly does not have the disease

17
Q

how would you calculate the test accuracy?

A

(TP+TN)/(TP+TN+FP+FN)

18
Q

what are the types of hypothesis?

A
  • null hypothesis H0

- alternative hypothesis HA/H1

19
Q

what is the null hypothesis?

A

there will be no significant difference

20
Q

what is the alternative hypothesis?

A

there will be a significant difference

21
Q

what is the P-value?

A

the probability of obtaining the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true

  • the lower the p-value, the greater the statistical signficance
22
Q

when would you use a scatter plot?

A

demonstrate correlation

23
Q

when would you use a regression model?

A

to try to predict data using an equation

24
Q

which axes do the independent and dependent variable go on?

A

x - independent

y - dependent

25
Q

what is the simple linear regression model?

A

y = a + bx

26
Q

what does the multiple linear regression take into account?

A

confounders

27
Q

what is the multiple linear regression model?

A

y = (m1x1, m2x2, …) + c

28
Q

when is logistic regression used?

A

when outcome variable is a binary variable

29
Q

what is the logistic regression model?

A

logit(p) = a + bx

a - where the probability is
b - how fast it increases

Critical Numbers (6 decks)

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