Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > Medical Mycology > Flashcards

Medical Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

A specialized discipline in the field of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, environmental impact, and genetic and biochemical properties.

A

Mycology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major factors responsible for the increase in the number of fungal infections

A

Growing number of immunocompromised people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major predisposing factors for fungal infections

A

Immunocompromised host
Complex surgical procedures
Antibacterial therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Living on dead or decayed organic matter in nature

A

Saprophytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Humans become accidental hosts for fungi by

A

Inhaling of spores
Direct contact with spores
Introduction of fungal elements into tissue by trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Colony appearance of yeasts

A

Moist, creamy, opaque or pasty colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Colony appearance of molds

A

Fluffy, cottony, woolly, or powdery colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fungal pathogens that exhibit either a yeast (or yeast-like) phase, and filamentous forms

A

Dimorphic fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When dimorphism is temperature dependent, the fungi are designated

A

Thermally dimorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ideal temperature for molds

A

25° to 30°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ideal temperature for yeasts

A

35° to 37°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The medically important dimorphic fungi

A

Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
C. immitis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Sporothrix schenckii
Penicillium marneffei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fungi that have more than one independent form or spore stage in their life cycle

A

Polymorphic fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Polymorphic fungi groups are temperature dependent. True or false?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

General characteristics of fungi

A

Eukaryotic
Thallophytes
Chitin in the cell wall
Ergosterol in the cell membrane
Reproduction by means of spores, produced asexually or sexually
Lack of chlorophyll
Lack of susceptibility to antibacterial antibiotics
Saprophytic nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Have true nuclei and are heterotrophic members of the plant family

A

Thallophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sexual reproduction of zygomycota

A

Zygospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Asexual reproduction of zygomycota

A

Sporangiospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Asexual reproduction of zygomycota

A

Sporangiospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fungi that produce hyaline sparsely septate hyphae

A

Zygomycota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinically important genera of phylum zygomycota

A

Rhizopus
Mucor
Rhizomucor
Lichtheimia (Absidia)
Cunninghamella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Asexual reproduction of ascomycota

A

Conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Known as asexual spores

A

Conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sexual reproduction of ascomycota

A

Ascospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sexual form of fungi

A

Teleomorph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Asexual form of fungi

A

Anamorph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fungi that have different asexual forms of the same fungus are called

A

Synanomorphs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Anamorphic forms of Pseudallescheria boydii

A

Scedosporium apiospermum Graphium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Species with graphium anamorph

A

Microsporum spp.
Trichophyton spp.
Pseudallescheria boydii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Teleomorphic form of H. capsulatum

A

Ajellomyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Teleomorphic form of Aspergillus

A

Eurotium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sexual reproduction of basidiomycota

A

Basidiospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Specialized structure where basidiospores are formed

A

Basidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The teleomorphic form of C. neoformans

A

Filobasidiella neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Asexual reproduction of deuteromycota

A

Conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Sexual reproduction of deuteromycota

A

Lacks sexual reproductive cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fungal infections that involve the hair, skin, or nails without direct invasion of the deeper tissue.

A

Superficial or cutaneous mycoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Agents of ringworm, athlete’s foot

A

Dermatophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Examples of subcutaneous infections

A

Sporothricosis
Mycetoma
Chromoblastomycosis
Phaeohyphomycotic cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Agents of systemic fungal infections

A

Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Histoplasma
Paracoccidioides
P. marneffei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Primary organ involved in systemic mycoses

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Primary mode of acquisition of systemic mycoses

A

Inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Agents of superficial or cutaneous fungal infections

A

Dermatophytes
Tinea nigra
Tinea versicolor
Piedra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Infections that occur primarily in patients with some type of compromise of the immune system.

A

Opportunistic mycoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Commonly encountered infections caused by opportunistic mycoses

A

Aspergillosis
Candidiasis
Cryptococcosis
Zygomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Fungal infections involved in deeper skin layers, including muscle, connective tissue, and bone

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Fungal infections that disseminate and involve any organ system

A

Systemic mycoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Fungi that produce brown-pigmented structures

A

Dematiaceous fungi
Phaeoid hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Hyphae with crosswalls

A

Septate hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Hyphae that is continuous without crosswalls

A

Aseptate hyphae or Sparsely septate / Coenocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Nonpigmented hyphae is considered

A

Moniliaceous / Hyaline hyphae

52
Q

Color of dematiaceous fungi

A

Pale to dark brown or almost black

53
Q

Stain used to ditermine hyphal pigmentation in the tissue

A

Masson-Fontana stain

54
Q

In Masson-Fontana stain
1. Phaeoid hyphae stains ____
2. Hyaline hyphae stains ____

A

Black
Pink to red

55
Q

Science devoted to the study of fungi and their relationship to human disease

A

Medical Mycology

56
Q

Fungal agents include:

A

True pathogens
Opportunistic pathogens

57
Q

Fungi that lack sexual reproduction; they are represented only by mitotic or asexual reproductive state

A

Imperfect fungi

58
Q

Fungi that are capable of fungal reproduction = TELEOMORPH

A

Perfect fungi

59
Q

Hyphal or mycelial colony of growth

A

Mold

60
Q

Unicellular, spherical to ellipsoid (3-5um) fungal cells; reproduce by budding

A

Yeast

61
Q

Oxygen requirement of molds

A

Almost all molds are aerobic

62
Q

Oxygen requirement of yeasts

A

Most yeasts are facultative anaerobes

63
Q

General characteristics of fungi: GMRC

A

Most are more resistant to osmotic pressure than bacteria
Can grow on very low moisture content
Require less nitrogen than bacteria
Often capable of metabolizing complex carbohydrates, such as lignin

64
Q

Identification of yeasts is based primarily on

A

Biochemical testing

65
Q

How does yeasts divide?

A

Few divide by BINARY FISSION but most reproduce asexually by BUDDING

66
Q

Identification of molds is based on

A

Growth rate
Macroscopic and microscopic appearance

67
Q

Tubular, branching filaments (2–10 m in width) of fungal cells, mold form of growth

A

Hyphae

68
Q

Microscopic units of fungi

A

Hyphae

69
Q

Cross-walls that divide hyphae

A

Septa

70
Q

Swollen, branching tips that resemble moose antlers ,with lateral and terminal branching

A

Antler hyphae

71
Q

Contain enlarged, club-shaped areas resembling a tennis racquet

A

Raquet hyphae

72
Q

Tightly coiled showing corkscrew-like turns

A

Spiral hyphae

73
Q

Example of antler hyphae

A

Trichophyton shoenleinii

74
Q

Example of raquet hyphae

A

Epidermophytoc floccosum

75
Q

Example of spiral hyphae

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

76
Q

Mass of intertwining structure composed of hyphae

A

Mycelium

77
Q

Portion of mycelium that grows in or on a substrate and absorbs water and nutrients; anchor the colony

A

VEGETATIVE PORTION OR THALLUS

78
Q

Portion of mycelium that contains fruiting bodies that produce the conidia and spores; extends above the agar surface

A

REPRODUCTIVE PORTION OR AERIAL

79
Q

Requires formation of special structures so that fertilization or nuclear fission can occur

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

80
Q

Do not exhibit a sexual phase; spores are produced asexually from mycelium

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

81
Q

Fungi that have different asexual forms of the same fungus

A

SYNANOMORPHS

82
Q

Types of sexual spores

A

Ascospores
Basidiospores
Zygospores
Oospores

83
Q

Types of asexual spores

A

Arthroconidia
Blastoconidia
Chlamydoconidia
Sporangiospores

84
Q

Contained in a saclike structure called ASCUS

A

Ascospores

85
Q

Following meiosis, how many meiospores form within an ascus

A

4-8

86
Q

Contained in a club-shaped BASIDIUM

A

Basidiospores

87
Q

Following meiosis, how many meiospores usually form on the surface of a basidium

A

4

88
Q

Rough-walled spores produced by the fusion of two identical cells arising from the same hypha

A

Zygospores

89
Q

Formed by heterogenous fertilization. Involve the fusion of cells from separate, nonidentical hyphae

A

Oospores

90
Q

Conidia that result from the simple fragmentation of hyphal cells

A

Arthroconidia

91
Q

Simplest type of sporulation

A

Arthroconidia

92
Q

Empty spaces that appear between each arthrospores in alternate arrangement

A

Disjunctor cells

93
Q

Conidial formation through a budding process

A

Blastoconidia

94
Q

Large, thick-walled, usually spherical conidia produced by “rounding-up” and enlargement of the terminal hyphal cells

A

Chlamydoconidia

95
Q

Chlamydoconidia formed at the hyphal tip

A

Terminal

96
Q

Chlamydoconidia formed at the hyphal sides

A

Sessile

97
Q

Chlamydoconidia formed within the hyphal strand

A

Intercalary

98
Q

Mitotic spores produced within an enclosed sporangium, often supported by one sporangiophore

A

Sporangiospores

99
Q

Asexual spores (mitospores) produced either singly or multiply in long chains or clusters by specialized vegetative hyphae = Conidiophores

A

Conidia

100
Q

Flask-shaped secondary segments which produces the conidia = Phialoconidia

A

Phialides

101
Q

Ringed structures that produce Annelloconidia

A

Annellides

102
Q

Formation of conidia

A

CONIDIOGENESIS

103
Q

Conidiogenesis where parent cell enlarges, a septum forms and the enlarge portion splits off to form a daughter cell

A

Blastic Conidiogenesis

104
Q

Conidiogenesis where septum forms first and new growth beyond the septum becomes daughter cell

A

Thallic Conidiogenesis

105
Q

Small, unicellular with a round, elliptical, or pyriform shape

A

Microconidia

106
Q

Large, usually multiseptate, and club oval or spindle shaped; thick or thin walled; spiny or smooth surface

A

Macroconidia

107
Q

Term for spiny Macroconidia

A

Echinulate

108
Q

Conidia that are produced by a “vase-shaped”

A

Phialoconidia

109
Q

Chain of conidia was produced by an

A

Annellide

110
Q

Ubiquitous in nature and produce true septate hyphae

All exhibit a sexual form (teleomorph) but also exist in an asexual form (anamorph)

A

Ascomycota

111
Q

Generally plant pathogens or environmental organisms that rarely cause disease in humans

A

Basidiomycota

112
Q

Not a true phylogenetic group but rather an artificial class

A

Deuteromycota

113
Q

Deuteromycota is also known as

A

FUNGI IMPERFECTI

114
Q

Characteristics of superficial / cutaneous mycoses

A

Confined to the outermost layer of skin or hair
All infect keratinized tissues

115
Q

Causative agent of oral thrush

A

Candida albicans

116
Q

Function of spores in fungi

A

Reproduction

117
Q

Causative agent of gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringes

118
Q

Antler hyphae is also known as

A

Favic chandelier

119
Q

Trichophyton spp. affects

A

Hair
Skin
Nails

120
Q

Epidermophyton affects

A

Skin
Nails

121
Q

Microsporum spp. affects

A

Hair
Skin

122
Q

Causative agent of Pytiriasis versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

123
Q

Causative agent of rose gardener’s disease

A

Sporothrix schenckii

124
Q

Causative agent of fungal meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

125
Q

Unique structure in fungi

A

Chitin in the cell wall

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions