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BMS 127 Medical Microbiology > Medical Microbiology Vocabulary > Flashcards

Medical Microbiology Vocabulary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Aerobic

A

requiring oxygen for growth

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1
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

inflammation of sebaceous glands on the back, chest and face

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2
Q

Alopecia

A

temporary hair loss

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3
Q

Anabolism

A

synthesis, metabolic process consisting of synthesis of protoplasm; requires oxygen

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4
Q

Anorexic

A

growing in the absence of atmospheric oxygen

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5
Q

Antibiotic

A

chemotherapeutic agent which occurs as the byproduct of the metabolic activity of bacteria or fungi (used to defend against bacteria)

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6
Q

Antibodies

A

specific molecules formed in the animal body in response to the presence of an antigen; once formed they react with that particular antigen

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7
Q

Antigen

A

foreign substances that induce a specific immune response

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8
Q

Antiseptic

A

a chemical agent that prevents growth, by either inhibiting the growth of, destroying the microorganism; used for topical application to living tissue, primarily skin

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9
Q

Asepsis

A

a condition in which there are no infectious or contaminating microorganisms; the absence of sepsis

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10
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed lung (usually partially)

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11
Q

Attenuation

A

change; used in reference to certain vaccines where the organism or its products are of reduced virulence

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12
Q

Autoclave

A

steam pressure sterilizer

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13
Q

Autotroph

A

organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of inorganic compounds (chemoautotrophs) or by respiration of products synthesized with the help of the energy from the sun (photoautotrophs)

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14
Q

Avirulent

A

lacking disease producing ability

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15
Q

Bacteremia

A

the presence of bacteria in the blood

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16
Q

Bacteriology

A

the science that deals with bacteria

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17
Q

Balantitis

A

inflammation of the glans (foreskin and head of penis)

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18
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation of the edges of the eyelids involving hair follicles

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19
Q

Buboes

A

enlarged regional lymph nodes

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20
Q

Carbuncle

A

ulcerated lesion with a hardened border and pus draining (more severe)

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21
Q

Catabolism

A

the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy

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22
Q

Catalyst

A

a substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process (enzymes are a biological catalyst)

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23
Q

Catarrhal

A

inflammation of the mucus membrane

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24
Q

Cellulitis

A

inflammation of the cellular and connective tissues

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25
Q

Cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix

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26
Q

Coryza

A

upper respiratory tract infection (head cold)

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27
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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28
Q

Desiccation

A

drying or removal of water

29
Q

Dimorphic

A

occurring in two forms; characteristic of certain fungi, growing in the years form under one set of conditions and the filamentous form under other conditions

30
Q

Disease

A

any changes from a state of health; interruption in the normal functioning of an organism

31
Q

Disinfectant

A

a chemical agent that destroys disease organisms; used on inanimate objects

32
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficulty in breathing

33
Q

Edema

A

swelling

34
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

35
Q

Endemic

A

a disease that occurs at a relatively stable frequency within a given area or population

36
Q

Endocarditis

A

inflammation of the lining of the heart

37
Q

Empyema

A

pus in the pleural cavity

38
Q

Enteric

A

relating to the intestinal tract

39
Q

Epidemic

A

a disease that occurs at a greater than normal frequency for a given area or population

40
Q

Etiology

A

the cause of disease

41
Q

Exudate

A

fluid, often formed from elements of the blood, discharged from tissues to a cavity

42
Q

Flora

A

organisms typically found in a given environment

43
Q

Fomites

A

inanimate objects contaminated with pathogenic organisms

44
Q

Healthy carrier

A

a person who harbors and spreads pathogenic microorganisms without evidence of disease

45
Q

Host

A

an organism which supports a parasite

46
Q

Infection

A

invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

47
Q

Ischemic

A

local deficiency of blood due to stoppage of circulation

48
Q

Lethal

A

the capacity to cause death

49
Q

Macula

A

a discolored spot on the skin that is not elevated above the surface

50
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of the membranes (meninges) of the spinal cord or brain

51
Q

Moribund

A

in a dying condition

52
Q

Morphology

A

the science or study of form and structure

53
Q

Mycology

A

the study of fungi

54
Q

Nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

55
Q

Normal flora

A

microorganisms that have become established in a given area

56
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

57
Q

Pandemic

A

the occurrence of an epidemic on more than one continent simultaneously

58
Q

Parasite

A

an organism which lives on or within a living host from which it derives its nourishment

59
Q

Pathogenesis

A

the mechanism by which the disease is caused

60
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of the alveoli of the lungs with exudate filling the alveolar spaces

61
Q

Prostration

A

total exhaustion

62
Q

Pustule

A

small elevated skin lesion containing pus

63
Q

Pyelitis

A

inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney (the funnel-like structure leading to the ureter)

64
Q

Serology

A

systematic study of the blood sera

65
Q

Somatic

A

associated with the cell body of an organism

66
Q

Sporatic

A

a disease that occurs in only a few scattered cases within a given area of a population during a given period of time

67
Q

Sterilization

A

killing of all forms of life in a given area

68
Q

Suppuration

A

pus formation

69
Q

Vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

70
Q

Virulence

A

the degree of pathogenicity, as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade tissues of the host

BMS 127 Medical Microbiology (1 decks)

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