Medical Management

Question 1

Physical reliefs for a cold

Answer 1

pressure points
prevention:do facial masages that u remember, near the nose for sinus and on the neck and in skull hole for head and collarbone for cough. Also third eye for sinus too. And the above applies to pressure points too!

Question 2

Prevention of colds

Answer 2

healthy diet, water, exercise, sleep 8, hygiene, stress management, lemon ginger green turmeric echinacea honey garlic peppermint cinnamon,

Question 3

Quick recovery for colds

Answer 3

stocked up meds for my common sufferings, rest, hydration,
bone broth, electrolyte drinks, citrus, zinc, elderberry, smoothie spinach kale berries yoghurt orange, pepermint steam inhale, saltwater gargle, humidiier, hand sanitizer, avoid dairy, face wipes with essential oils, meds suited for the certain symptom, same teas listed earlier, Vicks and aquaphor

Question 4

Severe allergic reaction/anaphylactic shock

Answer 4

Difficulty breathing, flushed pale skin, swollen tongue or throat
Common causes are pollen, stings, bites, latex, nuts, shellfish, eggs or dairy
Call 999
Ask for their meds and help them use it (don’t try urself unless trained or following instructions)
Reassure and make them comfortable until help arrives

Question 5

Asthma attack

Answer 5

Wheezing
Help them sit in comfortable position and to take their inhaler. Up and leaning forward
Reassure them
Call 999 if they don’t have/attack worsens e.g can’t talk

Question 6

Bleeding heavily

Answer 6

Put firm pressure on the wound with whatever e.g towel is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood
If item gets soaked through, replace
If there is an embedded object do not remove, apply pressure around it
For minor cuts and grazes or animal bites that are not heavy bleeding, can wash to remove dirt
If they enter shock, lie them down and lift their feet higher than their body, keep applying pressure.
Reassure them and wrap them in a cost or blanket to keep them warm
Use a public access trauma first aid kit if have (contains protective items e.g gloves and face shields, dressings, tourniquets)

Question 7

Nosebleed

Answer 7

Pinch the soft part of their nose (helps blood to clot) and ask them to lean forward (stop it entering the airway or stomach)
Common misconception for head back as blood can go into airway or stomach can cause them to choke or feel sick
Breathe through mouth
Pinch for 10 mins
If continues for more than 30 ms, get medical advice

Once stopped tell them to sit quietly to give the nose some time to feel

Question 8

Broken bone

Answer 8

There may be Pain, bruising, swelling
Support the injury with their hand or use a cushion or items of clothing to prevent unnecessary movement
Soft padding or blankets around limb, align it
Take or send person to hospital/call 999 if person cannot move
Continue supporting the injury until person receives medical help
If there is a unnatural dislocation leave it to the medical professional

Question 9

Burns/scalds

Answer 9

Coool the burn under cold low pressure running water die 20+ mins.mloosely cover with cling film after or a clean plastic bag to prevent infection and reduce pain by keeping air away from burn
If y can while cooling it, remove any jewellery or tight clothing. But don’t remove anything stuck to the burn. Only near it.
Call NHS 111 for immediate medical advice if burns serious
Toothpaste does not help a burn, it only creates a feeling of cooling due to menthol and may cause skin infection. Take painkillers. Ice would damage the skin. If you don’t have access to cold water, can use other cold liquids. Always seek medical advice if burn happened to a baby or child or face

Question 10

Choking

Answer 10

Under or 1: give up to 5 black blows between shoulder blades, head lower than bottom. I then 5 chest thrusts using two fingers.
Repeat. Support the head
— else
Encourage them to cough
Lean them forwards give up to 5 back blows (using heel of hand). 5 abdominal thrusts. Hold around the waist and pull inwards and upwards above their belly button

Question 11

Croup

Answer 11

Caused by a swelling in the voice box and airway. Childhood condition.
It makes it hard for them to breathe and gives them a short barking cough
Usually only children 6mths to 3y and sometimes 30th so to 15 years

Sit them up and encourage them to relax. This will help them breathe easier. Try not to panic as this may frighten the child and make the attack worse

Question 12

low blood sugar diabetic (hypoglycaemic)

Answer 12

may have clammy skin, be sweating, feel drowsy, confused or feel faint and be unresponsive
their blood sugars can become very lo and lead them to collapse
help them to rest and give them a sugary drink or snack.
help user find their blood glucose test kit

Question 13

emotional distress

Answer 13

may look shocked/confused/crying/screaming/withdrawn etc
let them now that you are here to help and support them
show u are listening
encourage them to seek further professional help if needed
help them contact someone who can support them before leaving them
if they are having a panic attack, reassure them and take them to a quiet place or ask others to leave and give them space. encourage them to breathe steadily in through their nose and out through mouth. stay with them until they start to normal.

Question 14

fainting

Answer 14

caused by temp blood loss to brain
lift their legs to improve blood flow to the brain
can be caused by pain, exhausation, lack of food, heat or emotional distress, sitting or standing for long periods of time (blood pools to legs)
may have slow pulse, feel fainty or dizzy, pale, unresponsive

ask them to lie down, amd support their ankles on your shoukder ‘give em plenty of fresh air and space. watch if they get any better and once they are, ask em to slowly sit back up. if feeling faint again, lie down and raise legs

Question 15

febrile seizure

Answer 15

caused by high temp/fever esp in babies
may be less responsive, arch their back, clench their fists, roll their eyes, hold breath, stiffen their body and may shake vigorously, hot, sweating, red
make em protected n safe to prevent injury. but do not restrain them
remove blankets off them but can use to protect head, and take off their outer clothing to cool em
when seizure is over help em rest on their side with their head tilted back (think hold them to facing stomach, tilt head down)

Question 16

fever

Answer 16

caused usually by infection raised temp, hot, flushed, sweating, cold,, pale, headache
check temp using a thermometer
37 is fever
above 39 is dangerous
keep em cool and comfortable
remove any excess clothes = dont overdo (dont try to cool them quickly like with a cold shower or sponge)
and give them plenty of cool drinks such as water or diluted juice
paracetamol or syrup, if the baby is under 3 then dont unless advised by doc

Question 17

head injury

Answer 17

ask em to rest and apply something cold to the injury e.g frozen veggies wrapped in tea towel up to 20m to reduce swelling and pain
if its a blow to the head, their brain can be shaken inside the skull - concussion anf so may be unresponsive for a few mins, dizzy, headache, confused, sick, blurred vision, loss of memory
if they become sleepy/drowsy vomit, unresponsive, numbness, weakness, blood, seizure, blurred vision, call 999

Question 18

heart attack

Answer 18

person may have persistent heart pain which may spread to their arms, neck, jaw, stomach . breathlessness, unwell, sweating

happens due to blockage stops blood to heart. pain will not ease with rest.
can lead to a cardiac arrest (heart stops completely, person collapse, unresponsive, stop breathing)
call 999
help person to sit down, ensure they are comfortable, sitting on the floor/chair. eases the strain on heart. give them aspirin as it thins blood.
if they have heart meds, help them to take it
reassure them while u wait for ambulance

Question 19

angina

Answer 19

tight feeling in chest
arteries narrow, restricts blood to heart
often happens exercising/excited
chest pain, shortness of breath
ease with rest and prescribed meds for those diagnosed with it
during an attack, take med and rest, if pain doesnt reduce after 2 doses of meds, call 999 as may b a heart attack

Question 20

heat exhaustion and heatstroke

Answer 20

they may be dizzy, confused, headache, sweating, pale, nauseous, breathing quickly
help them to cool and get them to rest
give plenty of water
seek medical advice
if condition worsens, call 999
heatstroke is when failure of the brain’s thermostat due to heat. body dangerously overheated.
person may have flushed, hot dry skin, hradache, dizzy, restless, unresponsive, body temp over 40 celsius
while waiting for ambulance, move them into a cool environment, remove outer clothing, loosely wrap them in cold damp clothes, or a sheet.
continuously pour water over the sheet.
can fan or sponge them with cold water. keep cooling them until they return to normal

Question 21

sunburns

Answer 21

wear at least 5 spf
move into shade
cool area ith cold water
apply after sun lotion and stay inside

Question 22

hypothermia

Answer 22

when person’s temp gets low to reduced circulation.
skin cold to touch, shivering, pale, be confused, breathing slower, temp below 35 celsi
take person to sheltered place
remove and replace wet clothes
999
cover them, make sure their head is covered,
warm person - warm drinks, high energy foods e.g choco. NO ALCOHOL
and reassure until help arrives

frostbite happens in extremely cold. gently warm their fingers/toes. dont try to thaw if it will refreeze. wait for help

Question 23

meningitis

Answer 23

illness where linings of brain and spinal cord swell up
caused by virus/bacteria
can happen to anyone
flu-like, headache, high temp, stiff neck, light sensitive
babies: high pitch cry, refuse feeds, floppy, unresponsive, head soft part may be bulging or hard
it can deteriorate vrry quickly . serious so as soon as u suspect it
call 999
check if person has signs of rashes. easier on palms or inner eyelids. appears in later stages.
press the side of a clear glass onn skin, most rashes fade but if u can still see it through thr glass it may be this. rashes look spotty
give reassurance

Question 24

poisoning/harmful substances

Answer 24

may be paler, disoriented, vomitting, stomach pain, may be evidence
find what they have taken
when they took it
and how much
call 999
do not make them sick as it can cause damage to airway or block
do not give them something to drink as it may break down the substance n result in it being absorbed quicker

Question 25

Seizure/epilepsy

Answer 25

Make them safe by removing objects and prevent injury Use a blanket or clothing to protect their head. Do not restrain them Help them to rest on their side with head tilted back after the seizure Call 999 if Longer than 5 mins It is their first They hurt themsrlf Unsure of the cause If someone had known epilepsy and it’s a short seizure with no injuries there’s no need to 999

Question 26

Strains and sprains

Answer 26

Happens due to sudden movement Pain, swelling, bruising Strain is muscle, sprain is joint Apply ice pack for up to 20 m Get person to rest injured part Support using elasticated bandage if needed RICE rest ice comfort elevate If it does not improve, seek medical advice

Question 27

Stroke

Answer 27

Happens due to blockage of blood to brain. brain cells become damaged and begin to die. FAST Face is there weakness on one side of their face Arms Can they raise both arms Speech Is their speech understood/slurred Time To call 999 reassure , help them si or lie down other signs - dribbling from mouth, numbness, blurred vision, severe headache, difficulty maintaining balance, dizziness, light head, difficulty understanding or talking

Question 28

unresponsive and breathing

Answer 28

under 1 yo - tilt head slightly, look listen feel for breathing, is their chest moving. if they are, hold the baby on their side head tilted back supported n lower than their bottom 0- keeps airways opened as it pulls the tongue forward. call 999 over - move em to their side and tilt their head back

Question 29

unresponsive and not breathing

Answer 29

up to 1 yo - check if they are breathing. look, listen and feel for breaths if not breathing call 999 after 1 m of cpr give 5 rescue breaths - tilt their head back and seal ur mouth over their mouth and nose. blow into their mouth gently- u are topping up the oxygen - until u see chest rise CPR give chest compressions - 2 fingers 2 push per sec acting as the heart give 2 rescue breaths. continue with cycles of 30 chest compression and two rescue breaths until help arrives ----- over 1 instead of 2 fingers, its hand shout for help. also tell someone to bring an AED Automated External Defibrillator as soon as possible , open it and follow the voice prompts. it corrects an abnormal heart rhythm by giving an electric shock. if theyre 1-8, paediatric pads should be used,/the standard ones with one pad in the centre of the child's chest and one on the back centre

Question 30

vomiting and diarrhoea

Answer 30

can lead to dehydration reassure them help them to sit down and give them some water, rehydration solutions or other non-fizzy soft drinks once symptoms ease and they are hungry again, advise them to eat easily digested foods - pasta, bread, rice, potatoes and small amounts of bland food once its finished rest until clear of symptoms

Question 31

grab bag - to grab first when disaster strikes

Answer 31

essential info and phone numbers first aid kit wind-up torch/torch with spare batteries wind-up radio/radio with spare batteries spare clothes blanket cash meds details of prescription meds spare spectacles/contacts bottled water long life snacks and sweets important docs, passport, personal identification, insurance details mobile phone and charger spare key to home and vehicle toiletries pencil and paper penknife whistle

Question 32

everyday first aid kit

Answer 32

thermometer painkiller + ones for children/babies antiseptic wipes alcohol free calamine lotion plasters wash proof assortment of bandages sterile dressings sterile gauze swabs adhesive tape disposable sterile gloves tweezers a pair of scissors small torch ----- --- things lying about water cling film cushion, blankets, clothing ice pack tea towel vinegar (jellyfish stings) tweezers library or credit card to scrape off a insect sting sugary food and drinks for diabetics/hypothermics isotonic sports drinks help replenish salts for heat exhaustion and dehydration

Question 33

extreme weather

Answer 33

heatwave - high protection sun cream, plenty of bottled water, avoid too much physical activity in hot places. take breaks indoors/in shade wear light-coloured, loose fitting clothes. cotton/linen (skin breathable) hat shade open windows if the air feels cooler outside than inside. turn on shutters/shades off windows to avoid the sun ----- flooding take photos for insurance claims evacuate, shut windows, lock doors, grab bag with important docs move vehicles to higher levels ----- severe winter weather wear a hat as most heat escapes ur head carry some items in ur car at all times, blanket, torch, bright colour headscarf, matches, choco, hot soup flask, mobile phone, de-icer, snow shovel, ice scraper, jump leads, map for unplanned diversions, warm spare clothes, extra drinks and high energy food esp for the child, HELP sign in big bright letters

Question 34

chemical emergencies - from accident at home to terrorist attacks

Answer 34

- keep chemicals e.g cleaning products out of sight and reach of children - never place household products/chemicals into soft drink bottles as someone may drink them - never mix products as e.g ammonia and bleach creates toxic gases - clean up chemical spills immediately with rags and protect ur eyes and skin. a - allow fumes in objects or air to evaporate outdoors in a safe place. wrap them up in newspaper or sealed plastic bag

Question 35

earthquakes

Answer 35

turn off gas, water, electricity secure heavy appliances and objects firmly to the wall/floor move beds and chairs away from chimneys and windows - use childproof or safety latches on cupboards to stop spills stay inside shelter under heavy or solid furniture (table, desk. bed) and hold on, keep ur head and torso covered. if theres a well-protected windowless room u can go to on the ground floor that would be better if theres nothing strong to get under, flatten yourself or crouch against an interior wall stay away from windows, shelves with heavy objects face away from windows if ure outside, go to an open area away from buildings and overhead power lines. take cover where u wont be tramped if u were in ur vehicle pull over to a safe place thats not blockong the road, avoid bridges or buildings. if ure on a bus, stay seated until bus stops and take cover in a protected place/crouched position and protect head from debris

Question 36

fire

Answer 36

fit a smoke alarm on every floor check smoke alarms every week escape room and make sure door keys are easy to find make sure to turn off all appliances when not in use take care with candles and cigarettes dont overload power sockets call 999 if trapped stay close to the floor and cover ur nose and mouth with a wet cloth if a door feels hot dont open it

Question 37

crowd incidents

Answer 37

look for emergency exits when arriving at a new venue arrange a meeting place in case u get separated if ure with ppl speak to staff if help needed dont rush or push keep an eye on friends and family to make sure theyre OK

Question 38

near water

Answer 38

cold waters and strong currents can be dangerous inflatables in open water xcan get caught in the wind and blown out to the sea enter slowly and carefully water is much colder than the air ensure u dry off thoroughly and dont swim if it feels too cold dont go too far out, stay close to the shore or edge, swimming along the edge of the water is safer stay within standing depth and within reach only swim where there are lifeguards ideally call 999 if u fall in or become tired, stay calm, float on your back and call for help, throw something that floats to somebody that has fallen in. if someone got stung by a jellyfish, pour alot of seawater or vinegar over it

Question 39

road traffic incidents

Answer 39

service car reguarly know the correct tyre pressures for different speeds and loads consider carrying a spare tyre, warning triangles and a high visibility jacket make sure u have enoguh fuel first aid kit if theres an incident'park safely well clear of the incident - at least 100m away and switch of the engine leave ur sideloghts on and hazard flashers set up warnign triangles at least 45 m from incident in each direction make sure people stay away from dangers such as unstable vehicles and traffic, do not smoke if there are more than one injured person, go to the quitest one as theyu may have more serious injuries than those who talk only stop on the hard shoulder if u have no choice use the free of charge motorway emergency telephone which connects to the police

Question 40

sports injuries

Answer 40

list of emergency numbers drinking water first aid kit with ice pack painkillers sunblock warm clothing if cold any prescribed emergency meds dont play when injured or ill warm up and down if possible

Question 41

terrorism

Answer 41

usually happen in public places, be vigilant keep an eye out for suspicious behaviour, vehicles, or packages if u have any fears or suspicions, call the polie anti terroism hotline 0800 789 321 make urself aware of emergency exits during one, look for the safest way out of the building or away from vicinity, leave as quickly and calmy as possible, stay away from windows, lifts and external doors, if items are falling, get under a sturdy table, if ure trapped in debris stay close to a wall and tap on pipes when rescuers come dont use matches or lighters

Question 42

travel emergencies

Answer 42

if ure travelling within the EU, u can get a free Global Health insurance GHIC heck the foreign and commonwealth office FCO travel advice section ensure u have at least 6 months left before expiry on ur passport uptodate guide book research ur destination including local laws and customs visit gp at least 6 weeks before travelling overseas if u need any vaccinations or tablets get health insurance make copies of important travel documents, leave them along with ur itinery and ur contact details with family and friends mke a note of emergency numbers to call from abroad such as ur insurance company and bank make a note of the british consul contact details take enough money and bring back up funds as such traveller's cheques and credit cards if something happens, contact the local authorities, insurance company, record the details of any crime references from local police and health treatment from medical authorities contact the british consul if necessary, FCo website states what they can do

Question 43

workplace emergencies

Answer 43

carry out a risk assessment to assess the first aid needs of the business at least every 2 years ensure there is a suitably stocked first aid box make sure u have the appropriate number of staff trained in first aid choose the right first aid course for staff making sur the business is legally covered --- make the area and employees safe call for the workplace approved first aider to attend the scene notify emergency services try to make sure those involved remain calm first aider should give early treatment and treat the most serious injury first report and keep a record of injuries, incidents and cases of work related disease - RIDDOR

Question 44

Travelling with children

Answer 44

prescription meds child immunisation records language caards that describe child's medical conditions or allergies or meds travel first aid kit digital thermometer painkillers high spf hot weather essentials e.g sunhats and sunglasses antihistamine cream (for allergies) insect repellent rehydration salts car sunshades car safety equipment travel kettle and adaptor nappy rash cream small cool-bag beakers, bottles, sterilising equipment antibacterial gel Check with ur doc or health travel advisor if the child needs any vaccinations for travel

Question 45

eating for children

Answer 45

watch babies carefully when they are learning how to eat solid food sitting at the table reduces chances of choking supervise babies and children when they try new foods due to allergies

Question 46

electricals with children

Answer 46

check to see if child is still touching source of electricity as if u touch them it could shock u turn off the source by switching it off at the mains or removing the plug move source of electricity away from child, stnd on einsulating materail like wood, zplastic or thick paper and use something wooden or plastic to push source away from child once source is removed from contact with person, they are safe to touch and treat any burns check if child is responsive and breathing the current might have stunned them causing their heart beat and breathing to stop it can also cause burns where the current enters and leaves