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Talk the Talk > Medical Jargon > Flashcards

Medical Jargon Flashcards

1
Q

abandonment

A

Termination of the physician-patient relationship unilaterally by the physician under circumstances that require continuing medical care, without giving the patient reasonable time to secure the service of another physician or when alternative sources for medical care are unavailable.

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2
Q

abarticular

A

Not affecting, or far from, a joint.

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3
Q

abasia

A

Inability to walk due to impaired motor coordination

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4
Q

abdomen

A

The part of the body when between the thorax and pelvis; contains the viscera

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5
Q

abdominal

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

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6
Q

abdominoplasty

A

Removal of loose skin and subcutaneous tissue from the abdominal wall

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7
Q

abdominoposterior

A

Denoting a position of the fetus in the uterus in which its abdomen is turned toward the mother’s back

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8
Q

abdominoscopy

A

a procedure for examining the contents of the peritoneum in which an electrically illuminated tubular device is passed through a trocar into the abdominal cavity.

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9
Q

abdominovaginal

A

Relating to the abdomen and vagina

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10
Q

abdominovesical

A

Relating to the abdomen and urinary bladder

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11
Q

abducens

A

Denoting the sixth cranial nerve

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12
Q

abducent

A

Denoting structures that serve to abduct a part

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13
Q

abductor

A

A structure, such as a muscle, that draws a part away from an axis of the body; opposite of adductor

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14
Q

aberrant

A

Deviating from the normal or expected course, as a duct taking an unusual direction

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15
Q

aberration

A
  1. A deviation from the normal 2. Unequal refraction of light rays passing through a lens, resulting in the formation of an imperfect image. 3. (chromosomal) A departure from the normal number of chromosomes or chromosome strcture; e.g., in Down syndrome there are 47 chromosomes, in Turner syndrome there are 45
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16
Q

abetalipoproteinemia

A

An autosomal recessive inherited disorder marked by pigmentary degeneration of the retina, presence of large numbers of acanthocytes in the blood, and absence of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the plasma; may be associated with excessive fat in the feces and progressive neurologic disease.

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17
Q

ability

A
  1. The physical or mental competence to function. 2. (impaired urinary concentrating) Inability to concentrate solutes in the urine; charcteristic of disease affecting the inner portion of the kidney (e.g., pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease).
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18
Q

abiotrophy

A

General term denoting degenerative changes of tissues due to genetic causes.

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19
Q

abirritant

A
  1. Relieving irritation. 2. A substance having this property
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20
Q

ablate

A

To remove

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21
Q

ablation

A
  1. Detachment 2. Removal or eradication by surgery or freezing
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22
Q

ablepharia, ablepharon

A

Congenital absence of th eyelids, partial or total

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23
Q

abluent

A

A substance that has cleansing properites

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24
Q

ablution

A

The act of cleansing

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25
Q

ablutomania

A

Abnormal concern with cleanliness

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26
Q

abnormal

A

Not normal; departing from the usual postion, structure or condition

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27
Q

ABO blood group

A

International classification of human blood types according to their compatibility in transfusion; typed as A, B, AB, or O

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28
Q

aboral

A

Distant from or opposite to the mouth

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29
Q

abort

A
  1. To expel or remove the products of conception before the fetus reaches the age of viability 2. To arrest the usual course of a disease 3. To cause cessation of development
30
Q

abortient

A

An abortification

31
Q

abortificient

A

Anything that produces abortion

32
Q

abortion

A
  1. Expulsion or extraction of all or any part of the products of conception (placenta, membranes, and embryo or fetus) before the end of 20 complete weeks (139) days of gestation calculated from the first day of the last normal mesntrual period or a fetal weight of less than 500g 2.The arrest of any process/
33
Q

abortion (complete)

A

Expulsion of fetus (or embryo), placenta, and membranes, ending with cessation of both pain and copious bleeding

34
Q

abortion (elective)

A

Induced abortion performed at the request of the pregnant woman, but not due to impaired maternal health or fetal disease and before fetal viability is reached.

35
Q

abortion (eugenic)

A

See therapeutic abortion

36
Q

abortion (habitual)

A

A sequence of three or more spontaneuos abortions occuring consecutively before 20 weeks of gestation, with the fetus weighting less than 500g; may be due to fetal or maternal factors (e.g., genetic error, hormonal abnormalities, anatomic anomalies of reproductive tract, infection, systemic disease, immunologic factos). Sometimes causes are unknown.

37
Q

abortion (incomplete)

A

Abortion in which some of the products of conception (usually a portion of the placenta) reamin within the uterus, causing profuse uterine bleeding

38
Q

abortion (induced)

A

Intentionally caused abortion; may be therapeutic or nontherapeutic

39
Q

abortion (inevitable)

A

Bleeding of intrauterine origin before the 20 completed weeks of gestation with continuous and progressive dilatation of the cervix

40
Q

abortion (missed)

A

Death of an embryo or fetus before the completion of the 20 weeks of gestaion with retention of all products of conception for several weeks;manifested by absence of fetal heartbeat, regression of breast changes, decreased uterine size, and weight loss

41
Q

abortion (partial-birth)

A

(PBA) Common term for termination of a late pregnancy with a breech presentation. Labor is induce by evacuating the cranial contents with a suction catheter, then compressing the cranium. See also dilatation and evacuation (D and E).

42
Q

abortion (recidive)

A

The occurrence of two consecutive spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks of gestation, with fetus weighing less than 500g.

43
Q

abortion (septic)

A

Infected abortion accompanied by life-threatning dissemination of microorganisms and toxic substances throughout the maternal blood circulation; marked by a malodorous discharge, pelvic and abdominal pain, suprapubic tenderness, and peritonitis.

44
Q

abortion (spontanous)

A

Abortion resulting from natural causes, without deliberate mechanical or medicinal interference, and occuring before the fetus can survive outside the uterus. Also called miscarriage.

45
Q

abortion (therapeutic)

A

Abortion performed before the time of fetal viability for medical or psychiatric reasons.

46
Q

abortion (threatened)

A

Slight or heavier bloody vaginal discharge, occuring during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, with or without cramplike pain and low backache, without expulsion of the products of conception, and without dilatation of the cervix.

47
Q

abortive

A
  1. Causing abortion 2. Cutting short, arresting; said of a disease 3. Failing to reach completion; partially developed
48
Q

abrachia

A

Absence of arms

49
Q

abrade

A

To rub or wear away the external layer by friction, as to scrape away the epidermis from a part; to excoriate

50
Q

abrasion

A
  1. A superficial injury, in which the skin or mucous membrane is scraped away 2. The process of wearing down of a tooth by friction; usuallt to excessive wear such as that caused by the use of an abrasive dentifrice
51
Q

abreaction

A

A form of psychotherapy, called catharsis by Freud, in which emotional release is attained by recalling a forgotten (repressed), painful experience.

52
Q

abruptio placentae

A

Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta from its uterine attachment after 20 week gestation. Also called placental abruption; accidental hemorrhage

53
Q

abruption

A

A tearing away; detachment

54
Q

abscess

A

Localized accumulation of pus.

55
Q

abscess (alveolar)

A

Absecess in a tooth socket usually caused by bacteria spreading from dental caries; causes severe throbbing pain and swelling.

56
Q

abscess (amebic)

A

One occuring as a complication of amebic dysentry, usually in the liver, and containing a brown pasty fluid.

57
Q

abscess (canalicular)

A

Absecess connected to a milk (lactiferous) duct within a breast, causing a purulent discharge from the nipple

58
Q

abscess (chronic)

A

A long-standing collection of pus without inflammation

59
Q

abscess (extradural)

A

Abscess situated between the skull and the outer covering of the brain (dura mater)

60
Q

abscess (gingival)

A

A localized, painful, inflammatory lesion of the gingivia, usually arising from a peridontal pocket

61
Q

abscess (gummatous)

A

Abcess formed subsequent to the softening and breaking down of a gumma, the characteristic tumor of tertiary syphilis.

62
Q

abscess (mammary)

A

Single or multiple abscesses of the breast susbstance, affecting usually one breast; most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, or occasionally by streptococci. Organisms gain entry through cracks in the nipple, most frequently during lactation, or in skin conditions such as eczema. Destroyed breast tissue may be replaced by fibrous tissue with resulting nipple retraction, which may be mistaken for a tumor.

63
Q

abscess (metatastic)

A

Secondary abscess caused by organisms carried in the bloodstream from a primary abscess

64
Q

abscess (pelvic)

A

An abscess located in the pelvic cavity, usually in the rectouterine pouch, often occuring as a complication of abdominal or pelvic inflammatory disease

65
Q

abscess (periapical)

A

An abscess occuring in the alveoulus near the apex of a tooth root, usually due to death of the tooth pulp

66
Q

abscess (peritonsillar)

A

Acute suppuerative inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues.

67
Q

abscess (psoas)

A

One occuring in the sheath of the psoas muscle secondary to tuberculosis of the lower spine or to regional enteritis. Also called iliac abscess

68
Q

abscess (pulp)

A

One within the pulp cavity of a tooth

69
Q

abscess (stitch)

A

An abscess around a suture

70
Q

abscess (subdiaphragmatic)

A

An abscess between the diaphragm and the liver or between the diaphragm and the spleen and stomach. Also called subphrenic abscess

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