Medical Genetics

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

Organism’s DNA content

Question 2

4 distinguishing structures of a Chromosome

Answer 2

p arm (Short), q arm (long), Centromere, Telomere

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

sequences of base pairs–>encode info for proteins
Exon: Coding sequence
Intron: Non-coding sequence between 2 exons

Question 4

Chromosome & Genes

Answer 4

Locus: Location on gene or genetic marker

Alleles: Alternative forms of a gene/genetic marker

Haplotype: Series of alleles on a single chromosome

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

Cell division of a somatic cell

Diploid cell = Diploid cell

NO recombination

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

Gamete formation

Diploid cell = 4 haploid gametes

Recombination is frequent (exchange of genetic material between same chromosomes)

Meiosis I & II

Question 7

Steps in Meiosis (I Pee Mostly Around Telephone Cars)

Answer 7

1. Interphase, 2. Prophase, 3. Metaphase, 4. Anaphase, 5. Telophase, 6. Cytokinesis

Question 8

Prophase I (5) phases

Answer 8

Chromosomes Begin to condense

1. Leptotene-Chrom. condense
2. Zygotene- Same Chrom. Closely assoc.(synapsis) to form pairs of chromo. (bivalent), made up of 4 chromatids (tertrads)
3. Pachytene- Crossing over between pair same chromo.to make Chiasmata (cross shaped)
4. Diplotene- Same Chromo. start to sep. BUT remain attached to Chiasmata
5. Diakinesis- Same Chromo. cont. to sep. & chiasmata moves to telomeres