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Medical ethics year 3 > medical ethics > Flashcards

medical ethics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ethics

A

The body of moral principles or values governing or distinctive of a particular culture or group

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2
Q

What are some things which compromise ethics?

A

principles
values
honesty

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3
Q

morality

A

our attitudes, behaviours and relations to one another

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4
Q

consequentialism

A

the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome

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5
Q

deontology

A

duties - right and wrong actions

absolute values

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6
Q

utilitarianism is a type of what?

A

consequentialism

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7
Q

utilitarianism

A

look at benefits/harms to individual and society
look at the consequences
greatest good for greatest number of people
maximise happiness and minimise pain

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8
Q

Autonomy

A

promote the right to self determination

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9
Q

How can we achieve autonomy?

A

confidentiality
informed consent
promote capacity

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10
Q

Non malfeasance

A

the avoidance of harm

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11
Q

Beneficence

A

to do good

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12
Q

Justice

A

fairness/equity

individual and population

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13
Q

How can we achieve justice?

A

non discrimination
equal treatment for equal need
rationing
limits to autonomy

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14
Q

non-judgemental approach

A

it does not matter how the patient got his/her condition or complaint

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15
Q

Duty of candour

A

open and honest with patients when something goes wrong with treatment/care which causes or potential to cause harm or distress

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16
Q

What must you do in relation to the duty of candour?

A

apologise to patient
offer appropriate remedy to put things right
explain consequences

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17
Q

What is a complaint according to the NHS?

A

expression of dissatisfaction

that requires a response

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18
Q

How do you protect yourself from complaints?

A

join defence organisation
GMC - good medical practice
act responsibly
listen to patent and put them first

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19
Q

First step with a complaint

A

complaint officer deal with it and may interview you

5 days

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20
Q

If complaint dealt with formally how long do you have to acknowledge?

A

3 days

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21
Q

How long to give a FULL response to a complaint

A

20 days

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22
Q

Who can patient complain if dissatisfied with response

A

complaint officer again

OR public services ombudsman

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23
Q

Patients rights under the NHS legislation - complaints

A

complaint dealt with efficiently and properly investigated
know the outcome of complaint
take complaint to public services ombudsman if not satisfied
claim for judicial review
compensation

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24
Q

resilience

A

ability to withstand and bounce back from adversity

25
Q

4 character traits influencing capacity for resilience

A

self directedness
co-operativeness
harm avoidance
persistence

26
Q

character trait with strongest correlation with resilience

A

self directedness

27
Q

self-directedness

A

conscientious, resourceful and goal orientated

accept responsibility for mistakes

28
Q

co-operativeness

A

accept opinions and behaviours of colleagues even if different to own

29
Q

harm avoidance

A

low harm avoidance - more decisive and less anxious

accept degree of risk

30
Q

persistence

A

maintain behaviour with stamina despite frustration, fatigue or discouragement
?perfectionism

31
Q

predictors of resilience

A 
personality 
previous adversities 
coping strategies 
work load 
culture
32
Q

factors contributing to resilience in doctors

A

female
relaxation, exercise
spirituality
mindfulness

33
Q

professionalism

A

set of values, behaviours and relationships which underpins the trust the public has in doctors

34
Q

Characteristics of professionalism

A 
expertise
standards 
respectability 
responsibility and reliable
probity
conduct
respect 
integrity
35
Q

Roles of GMC

A 
setting standards for doctors 
overseeing doctor education and training
investigate and act on concerns 
raise standards through revalidation 
managing UK medical register
36
Q

What can medical student concerns lead to?

A

fitness to practice procedure

37
Q

Examples of things in medical school which can lead to fitness to practice procedures

A 
criminal convictions
alcohol misuse
sharing exam questions with others 
sign peers into sessions 
plagiarism
38
Q

Forms of consent

A 
implied 
expressed consent verbally 
expressed consent in writing 
informed consent - not in UK 
rational consent
39
Q

Bolitho principle

A

panel of doctors on consent cases decide whether they would have done the same as the defendant

40
Q

Pearce principle

A

where an average person would expect to be told about the risk they should be told

41
Q

When do patients not have capcity?

A

unable to make, remember, communicate, understand of act on decisions

42
Q

What should be taken into account when making decisions for someone with incapacity?

A

past and present wishes

views of relevant others

43
Q

Who can consent?

A

person with capacity
parental of child with parental responsibility
court for a child
doctors - incapacity

44
Q

Competency over what age?

A

12

45
Q

public guardian

A

property and financial affairs within court case

46
Q

mental welfare commission

A

welfare within court case

47
Q

continuing power of attorney

A

finance and property

48
Q

welfare attorney

A

welfare

49
Q

Gillick competency

A

16 years - legal capacity - surgery, treatment
opinion of qualified medical practitioner
understand nature and possible complications

50
Q

advanced directives

A

person’s wishes for treatment in future life if become incapacitated

51
Q

English/welsh/scots law - literally or purposively

A

E+w = both

scots is just purposively

52
Q

Can an FY1 fill out DNACPR?

A

no

53
Q

Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide - legal or illegal?

A

illegal

54
Q

doctrine of double effect

A

must not intend to hasten death

may in certain circumstances administer treatment that will hasten death

55
Q

Informing about an abortion

A

notify chief medical officer within 14 days

56
Q

adoption

A

legal contract - birth mother will not be able to contact child

57
Q

fostering

A

no legal contract - may be able to take over caring responsibilities for her child

58
Q

suicide act

A

1961 - suicide is illegal

59
Q

GMC - serious communicable diseases

A

person is at risk of infection which will result in serious harm
patient not told them and does not want to

Medical ethics year 3 (1 decks)

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