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DEN303 - Random > Medical Emergency > Flashcards

Medical Emergency Flashcards

1
Q

What should you always do in medical emergency?

A

Assess ABCDE

Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure

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2
Q

What will you find in ME kit in dental practice?

A 
Adrenaline 1:1000
Aspirin 300mg
Gluco-gel
Midazolam buccal solution- 10mg
GTN stay/tab
Oxygen
Salbutamol
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3
Q

Difference between faint and collapse?

A 
Collapse = loss of postal tone
Faint = transient loss of consciousness due to inadequate cerebral perfusion
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4
Q

Common cause faints?

A

Decrease BP caused by over activation vagal (stress/ pain)
Postural hypotension - standing up too quick
Predisposition - drugs decrease BP

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of faint?

A

Signs: slow and weak pulse, low BP, loss consciousness
Symptoms: palor, nausea, dizzy, sweating

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6
Q

Management of faint

A
  1. ABCD
  2. Lay flat and elevate legs
  3. Pt should regain consciousness - few mins
  4. Admin oxygen
  5. If still unresponsive - CPR/999
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7
Q

Name difference types of syncope

A
  1. Neurogenic syncope - tongue biting, prodrome, thunder headache
  2. Cardiogenic syncope - arrhythmia
  3. Vasovagal syncope - 3P’s - posture, provoking, prodrome, TLOC
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8
Q

What increases risk of hypoglycaemia?

A

Insulin controlled diabetics, poor control

Normal blood sugar 4-7mmol/L

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms seen with hypoglycaemia?

A

Sign: confusion, sweating, tachycardia
Symptoms: irritability, confusion, sweating, blurred vision, headache, fast HR

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10
Q

Management hypoglycaemia?

A
  1. ABC + measure blood sugar levels
  2. If conscious and co-operative - oral glucogel 10-20mg - repeat 10-15 min if needed
  3. Unconscious - 1mg IM glucagon - recheck blood glucose - administer oral glucose when regain consciousness
  4. Severe (hospital) - 75ml 20% dextrose over 10 mins
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11
Q

How to manage anaphylaxis?

A
  1. Remove/ stop cause
  2. ABC
  3. IM adrenaline - 0.5mg 1:1000
  4. Oxygen - high flow 15L/min
  5. Nebulise with beta agonist
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12
Q

Who would be at highest risk of asthma attack?

A

Those on multiple medication, poorly controlled, those w/ hospital admission

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13
Q

Acute asthma?

A

Inability to complete sentence, RR >25, tachycardia

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14
Q

Manage asthma attack?

A
  1. Sit upright
  2. ABC
  3. Admin 100% oxygen
  4. Spacer - 4 puffs initially - 2 puffs every 2 mins up to 10
  5. if worsening 999 (cyanosis, exhaustion, bradycardia, low consciousness
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15
Q

Sign/ symptom of acute coronary syndrome?

A

Sign: progressive onset crushing pain, irregular HR, collapse
Symptom: chest pain, nausea, sweating, pallor, SOB, palpitation

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16
Q

Management acute coronary syndrome?

A
  1. ABC
  2. MONA
  • GTN - 2 puffs sublingual - repeat after 3 min
  • Aspirin 300mg chewed/ dispersed
17
Q

What is adrenal insufficiency?

A

Inadequate production of adrenal hormones

18
Q

Cause adrenal insufficiency - primary and secondary?

A

Primary: addisons, haemorrhage, sepsis, infectious disease
Secondary: idiopathic, adenoma, Sheehans

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency?

A

Sign: hyperkalaemia, fever, hypotension, hypoglycaemia
Symptoms: weakness, dizzy, nausea, sweat, SOB

20
Q

Management adrenal insufficiency?

A
  1. AVOID - modify steroids regime
  2. High flow oxygen
  3. Sign of crisis 999
  4. Hospital - IV hydrocortisone
21
Q

What is a seizure?

A

Transient, abnormal electrical brain activity

22
Q

Diff between partial and generalised seizure?

A

Partial - onset focal area of brain

Generalised - originate from both hemispheres of brain

23
Q

Management of seziure

A
  1. Dont restrain - try to protect from injuries
  2. Convulsion ended - place in recovery position
  3. Admin oxygen
  4. Typically last 1-3min - beyond 2 min risk of status epileptics (risk brain hypoxia)
  5. Give adult 10mg buccal midazlolam
24
Q

Difference types of stroke?

A
  1. Ischemic

2. Haemorragic

25
Q

Management of stroke?

A
  1. ABC
  2. Oxygen
  3. Unconscious - secure airway and recovery position
  4. 999
26
Q

How to become aware of stroke

A

FAST

Face, arms, speech, test all 3

27
Q

How to manage cardiac arrest and what is the most common cause?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

  1. ABC
  2. Oxygen
  3. Early defib/ CPR
28
Q

Signs of cardiac arrest?

A

LOC, absent breathing, loss pulse, pupil dilation

29
Q

How to manage choking?

A
  1. Encourage coughing
  2. Back blows if ineffective - up to 5 blows - support chest (blows between shoulder blades)
  3. Abdo thrust - give up to 5
  4. Not relieved - alternate
  5. CPR if unresponsive
30
Q

Asthma in hospital

A 
O- oxygen
S - salbutamol 
H - hydrocortisone (IM) or oral prednisolone 
I - ipratroium bromide 
T - theophylline 
M- magnesium 
E - escalate

DEN303 - Random (2 decks)

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