MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING

Question 1

measurement of airway caliber improve recognition of severity and guide hospital or at home management decisions

Answer 1

PEF/FEV1

Question 2

management for Asthma
A
S
T
H
M
A

Answer 2

adrenergics
Steroids
Theophyline
Hydration (IV)
Mask (O2)
Anticholinergics

Question 3

presence of ____________ confirmed by performing post-bronchodilator spirometry

Answer 3

airflow obstruction

Question 4

classification of pneumonia
Type 1 L,B
Type 2 C,H

Answer 4

lobar pneumonia
bronchopneumonia

community acquired pneumonia
hospital acquired pneumonia

Question 5

Kilkip classification

no clinical signs of HEART FAILURE

Answer 5

stage I

Question 6

killip classification

heart failure
rales S3 gallop and pulmonary venous
hypertension

Answer 6

Stage II

Question 7

killip classification

severe HF
Frank pulmonary edema with rales throughout the lung fields

Answer 7

Stage III

Question 8

killip classification

cardiogenic shock
hypotension <90 mmHg peripheral vasoconstriction (oliguria, cyanosis, diaphoresis)

Answer 8

Stage IV

Question 9

pharmacological therapy in acute management

indicated in symptoms to fluid retention

Answer 9

diuretics

Question 10

pharmacological therapy in acute management

indicated in early stage of severe AHF associated with restlessness and dyspnea

Answer 10

opiates (morphine)

Question 11

pharmacological therapy in acute management

first line in AHF with an adequate BP and signs of congestion with low diuresis

Answer 11

vasodilators

Question 12

pharmacological therapy in acute management

reserved for patients with severely reduced cardiac output compromised vital organ perfusion

cause sinus tachycardia

Answer 12

inotropes

Question 13

pharmacological therapy in acute management

in cardiogenic shock

when combination of inotropic agent and fluid challenge fails to restore adequate arterial pressure and organ perfusion

Answer 13

vasopressors

Question 14

pharmocological therapy for anxiety

useful in treatment of hyperventilation resulting from anxiety and panic attacks

Answer 14

benzodiazepine

Question 15

pharmacological therapy for anxiety

sedative hypnotic of the benzodiazepine class

Answer 15

lorazepam (ativan)

Question 16

pharmacological therapy for anxiety

depresses all levels of the CNS possibly by increasing the activity of GABA

Answer 16

diazepam (Valium)

Question 17

pharmacological therapy for anxiety

alternative drug of choice for HVS
potent selective inhibitor of neuronal reuptake of serotonin

Answer 17

paroxetine