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Dental Nurse > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ASTHMA?

A

Muscular spasm of the lungs making it difficult to breath

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2
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheezing
Distress
Difficulty breathing and talking
Cyanosis - blue tinge to lips

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3
Q

What is the treatment for asthma?

A

Salbutamol inhaler used with a spacer to help patient breathe all doses of the inhaler
Keep patient calm and keep an eye on the breathing

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4
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Serve allergic reaction resulting in insufficient oxygenated blood reaching the vital organs

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5
Q

What is the signs/symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A

Anxiety
Face and airway swelling
A Rapid weak pulse

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6
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis

A

Make sure you have oxygen on hand for the patient
Antihistamines to help stop the reaction
Adrenaline injection

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7
Q

What is a cardiac emergency

A

When a persons heart stops beating effectively therefore stops pumping blood around the body

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8
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of a cardiac emergency?

A

No breathing
Sudden Loss of consciousness
No sign of movement or life
No pulse

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9
Q

Treatment for a cardiac emergency?

A

Shout for help
Would need a defibrillator
Perform CPR: compressions 30:2 adult and 15:2 child
Ring 999

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10
Q

What is an epileptic seizure?

A

Something interrupting the electrical activity in the brain, leads to muscles in the body contracting uncontrollably, could also lead to unconsciousness

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11
Q

Signs/symptoms of epileptic seizures?

A 
Daydreaming
Stares
Slight twitching 
Slight aura or feeling
Muscle spasms
Frothy Salvia out of mouth
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12
Q

Treatment for epileptic seizure?

A

Need an anti convulsants which could be midazolam through injection

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13
Q

What is hypoglycaemia

A

Having Low blood sugar

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14
Q

Signs/symptoms for hypoglycaemia?

A 
Cold, clammy skin
Blurred vision
Headache
Dizziness 
Stomach pains
Fainting
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15
Q

Treatment for hypoglycaemia?

A

Provide patient with a glucose drink - cup of water with a spoon full of glucose

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16
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

Have high blood pressure

17
Q

Signs/symptoms for hyperglycaemia?

A

Increase of thirst and urination
Weight loss
Sweet odour to breath

18
Q

Treatment for hyperglycaemia?

A

If a patient is having a hyperglycaemia attack, would sit the patient down and give them a shot of insulin but In a dental practice it would be giving intravenous or intramuscular that are used in this situation

19
Q

What is choking?

A

When an object is obstructing the airways

20
Q

Signs/symptoms of choking?

A 
Face/lips go blue colour
Sweating
Unable to talk
Gagging
Panicking 
Passing out
21
Q

Treatment for choking?

A

Encourage the patient to cough
Reassure at all times that they will be okay
If coughing doesn’t work?
5 backslaps and 5 abdominal thrusts
If that doesn’t work call 999
If patient is pregnant or a child we would call 999 for extra precautions

22
Q

What is syncope

A

FAINTING

Where there is insufficient oxygen to the brain

23
Q

Signs and symptoms of syncope?

A

Dizziness
Thirst
Pale and clammy skin
Muscle twitching can occur

24
Q

What is treatment for syncope?

A 
Lay patient flat on ground
Raising the legs above the head either in the dental chair or the floor
Shout for help
Give Oxygen 
Loosen tight clothing
Reassuring at all times
Check there airway is clear 
Still Breathing 
And still have a pulse
25
Q

What is angina?

A

Type of chest pain that someone gets when the articles carrying blood to their heart muscle narrow

26
Q

Signs and symptoms of angina

A

Pain
Shortness of breath
Sudden or extreme tiredness

27
Q

Treatment for angina

A

Call for help
Reassure patient
Ask if they have there GTN medication
If not use the practices emergency drug kit
If there’s still pain and medication isn’t working ring 999

28
Q

What is a heart attack

A

Supply of blood to the heart suddenly blocks , usually a blood clot

29
Q

Signs and symptoms of a heart attack

A

Pain in chest and arm
Pale skin
Rapid weak pulse
Sweating

30
Q

Treatment for heart attack

A

Ring 999
Make patient comfortable,sitting up with knees bent and head supported
300g aspirin, chew slowly
Check ABC

31
Q

Respiratory arrest

A

Cessation of normal breathing due to failure of the lungs function effectively

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of respiratory arrest

A 
Low oxygen levels
Blue lips ,skin, nail beds
Sleepy
Irregular heart beat
Hard to breath
Lose of consciousness
33
Q

treatment of respiratory arrest

A 
Stay with patient, shout for help, call 999
Open airways
Check pulse
Start respiration with oxygen and mask
Prepare for compressions
34
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Flow of blood to part of the brain is cut off, clot in a blood vessels or rupture

35
Q

Signs and symptoms of a stroke

A

Face- ask them to smile
Arms- ask them to raise both
Speech- ask them to speak
Time- if they cannit do FAC then ring 999

Dental Nurse (6 decks)

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