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Dentistry Module 7 > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What does ABCDE stand for?

A

A- airway
B- breathing
C- circulation
D- disability
E- exposure

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2
Q

What are the three airway checks?

A
  1. Is airway patent?
  2. Are there signs of blockage?
  3. Are there any sounds coming from airway? (E.g. stridor, wheeze etc)
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3
Q

What are the two airway manoeuvres for airway management?

A
  1. Head tilt-chin lift
  2. Jaw thrust
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4
Q

What is the dose of oxygen required through a non-rebreather mask in oxygen delivery for medical emergency?

A

15l/minute

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5
Q

What are the three breathing checks?

A
  1. Respiratory rate (breathes per minute)
  2. SpO2 levels (oxygen saturation)
  3. Chest movement
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6
Q

What is an ideal respiratory rate?

A

12-20 breaths per min

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7
Q

What respiratory rates indicate a problem?

A

> 20 or <12 breaths per min

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8
Q

What is the ideal SpO2 level?

A

> 95%

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9
Q

What are the 4 circulation checks?

A
  1. Heart/pulse rate
  2. Blood pressure
  3. Capillary refill time
  4. Colour
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10
Q

What is an ideal heart/pulse rate?

A

60-100bpm

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11
Q

How many bpm represents tachycardia?

A

> 100bpm

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12
Q

How many bpm represents bradycardia?

A

<60bpm

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13
Q

What is the normal parameters for blood pressure?

A

120/70 range (falls around this)

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14
Q

How would you initially manage someone with low BP?

A

Place them in supine position with their legs raised in the air to return venous blood flow

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15
Q

What does ACVPU stand for?

A

A- alert
C- confusion
V- verbal
P- pain
U- unresponsive

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16
Q

What reading on a glucometer would indicate that patient is hypoglycaemic?

A

<4mmols

17
Q

What temperature would indicate patient is pyrexial?

A

> 38 degrees Celsius

18
Q

What does SBAR stand for?

A

S- situation
B- background
A- assessment
R- recommendation

19
Q

Why should abdominal thrusts never be given to a pregnant woman that is choking?

A

Due to the risk to the baby’s life/long term outcomes

20
Q

What side must a heavily pregnant patient be placed in the recovery position and why?

A

Left-hand side
Because placing patient on RHS would put pressure on the inferior vena cava from the baby and could prevent blood flowing around the body. This could be fatal to both baby and mum.

21
Q

What is important to note about a suspected head or neck injury when managing a patient during medical emergency?

A

Do not place this patient in the recovery position for fear of causing further damage

22
Q

What is the DRSABC approach used for?

A

An approach which ensures the safety of the rescuer as well as the correct treatment for the casualty during a medical emergency.

23
Q

What does DRSABC stand for?

A

Danger
Response
Shout
Airway
Breathing
Circulation/call 999/chest compressions

24
Q

What are the two main reasons why an AED is required by someone in cardiac arrest?

A
  1. The heart needs a shock from a defibrillator in order to fall back into sinus rhythm.
  2. The sooner the heart is shocked the better likelihood of a positive outcome in short term
25
Q

What do statistics show in relation to how quickly an AED is used to treat cardiac arrest?

A

That if a patient can be shocked within 3 minutes of collapse there is a 70% chance of a. Positive outcome in the short term.

This % drops by ten for every minute the patient is not shocked by an AED.

26
Q

What is the optimum pad placement for delivery of successful shock from an AED?

A

One pad on right clavicle, other on left rib cage

27
Q

In what situation might it be more appropriate to place both AED pads on rib cage?

A

For anything that prevents proper pad placement (e.g. clothes, hair, moisture, jewellery, medication patches) and most significantly a pace maker under the right clavicle.

28
Q

What is the most crucial check to make before use of an AED? Why?

A

Ensure that nobody else is touching the patient or their environment.

A shock from an AED can cause someone to go into cardiac arrest

29
Q

Why is it important to remove BVM from patients face before a shock from an AED?

A

Just in case there is a spark which could encourage combustion

Dentistry Module 7 (14 decks)

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