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BDS4 PMHP > Medical emergencies > Flashcards

Medical emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pneumonic for medical emergencies medication?

A

AAGGMOOS
A - adrenaline
A - aspirin
G - glucagon
G - GTN spray
M - Midazolam
O - oral glucose
O - oxygen
S - salbutamol

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2
Q

Signs of Angina?

A

Increased breathing rate
SOB
Central chest pain
Pale and clammy
may be slightly tachycardic due to anxiety

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3
Q

What is stable vs unstable angina?

A

Stable - chest pain on exertion and relieved by rest

Unstable - spontaneous chest pain with no trigger. May not be relieved by rest.

Narrowing/ occlusion of blood vessel generally caused by atherosclerosis reducing blood flow to the heart

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4
Q

Treatment for angina/ myocardial infarction?

A

Stable - relieved by rest

Oxygen 100% oxygen 15l
GTN spray 2 sublingual actuations - repeat after 3 mins if chest pain remains
If patient does not respond to GTN likely MI - call for ambulance
Aspirin 300mg chewed

Continually re-assess using ABCDE method

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5
Q

Signs of anaphylaxis?

A

Flushed face
Marked upper airway oedema - stridor and wheezing
Tachycardia >110bpm
Increased breathing rate
Lips may take on blue tinge

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6
Q

Management of anaphylaxis?

A

Call ambulance
Lay patient flat and raise their feet
Remove source of anaphylaxis if known
Oxygen 15l flow rate
Adrenaline 0.5ml 1:1000 IM injection - repeat after 5 mins in opposite leg if necessary

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7
Q

Key signs of an acute asthma attack?

A

Inability to complete sentences in one breath - SOB
Respiratory rate >25 breaths/min
Tachycardia >110bpm

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8
Q

Key signs of life-threatening asthma?

A

Cyanosis or resp rate <8bpm
Bradycardia <50bpm
Exhaustion
Confusion
Decreased consciousness

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9
Q

Management of an asthma attack?

A

Transfer life-threatening asthma attack to hospital - emergency
Oxygen 15l
Administer patient’s own bronchodilator 2 puffs
OR
Salbutamol inhaler 4 puffs 100 micrograms via spacer

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10
Q

Key signs and symptoms of epilepsy?

A

Brief warning or AURA
Sudden loss of consciousness
Pt. may become rigid/ fall/ cry
Jerking movements of the limbs the tongue might be bitten

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11
Q

Management of epilepsy?

A

Assess patient
Do not try to restrain convulsive movements
Ensure pt. not at risk from injury
Secure pt. airway
Oxygen 15l
midazolam 10mg (2ml oromucosal solution) - only give if CONVULSIVE seizures last longer than 5 mins
If first episode of epilepsy call for ambulance

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of a faint?

A

Patient feels dizzy/ light-headed
Slow pulse rate
Loss of consciousness
Pallor
Nausea/ vomiting

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13
Q

Why does a faint/ vasovagal episode occur?

A

Sudden drop in blood pressure

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14
Q

Faint management?

A

Assess pt.
Lay patient flat and if patient is not breathless raise the patient’s feet
Oxygen 15l

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15
Q

Management of faint pregnant pt.?

A

Roll them on left side and bring left knee up to chest
Oxygen 15l

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16
Q

Signs of hypoglycaemia?

A

Aggression and confusion
Sweating
Tachycardia >110bpm

17
Q

Symtpoms of hypoglycaemia?

A

Shaking and trembling
Difficulty in concentration
Slurring of speech
Headache
Fitting
Unconsciousness

18
Q

Management of hypoglycaemic attack?

A

Assess pt.
Oxygen 15l
IF PT. CONSCIOUS AND CO-OPERATIVE
Oral glucose 10-20g
Repeat after 10-15 minutes if necessary
IF PT. UNCONSCIOUS/ UN-CO-OPERATIVE
Administer glucagon 1mg IM injection
+ oral glucose when regain consciousness

19
Q

What is weight cut-off for glucagon and subsequent dose?

A

If less than 25kg 0.5mg glucagon

20
Q

Signs of stroke and management

A

FACE
F - facial weakness, drooping of one side
A - arm weakness
C - Communication issues - slurred speech

CALL AMBULANCE +/- OXYGEN 15L

21
Q

Tx. for aspiration?

A

Assess pt.
Encourage pt. to cough vigorously
Oxygen 15l
Salbutamol inhaler 4 puffs via spacer

22
Q

What does ROSC acronym stand for?

A

Return of spontaneous circulation

23
Q

What is HME?

A

Humidifying moisture exchange for bag valve mask
Humidifies air and increases resistance to gas flow and makes breathing easier

24
Q

What are the 2 shockable rhythms?

A

Ventricular fibrillation
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

25
Q

What are the two unshockable rhythms?

A

Asystole
Pulseless electrical activity

26
Q

How to know patient airwat is patent?

A

If they can talk back to you

27
Q

At what pulse does brachial pulse disappear?

A

60mm/Hg

28
Q

When does radial pulse disappear?

A

70mm/Hg

29
Q

What is ACVPU?

A

Way to assess neurological function
Alert
New confusion
Verbal
Pressure - squeeze in trapezius you should get a response from them
Unconsciousness

30
Q

What is normal blood pressure range?

A

90/60mm/Hg - 120/80mm/Hg

31
Q

What happens when pregnant lady lying on her back (supine position)?

A

Supine hypotension - caused when uterus compresses inferior vena cava and leads to decreased central venous return

BDS4 PMHP (2 decks)

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