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Patient Safety BDS3 > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

what is used for assessment

A

abcde

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2
Q

what does ABCDE stand for

A

airway
breathing
circulation
disability
exposure

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3
Q

what do you do once you have reached the end of ABCDE

A

go over it again and see if they have improved/gotten worse/stabilised

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4
Q

what are the principles of assessment

A

work from A to E
continually reassess
fix as you go

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5
Q

what are the causes of airway obstruction

A

loss of consciousness
infection/inflammation/swelling
snoring

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6
Q

how do you assess the airway

A

if they can talk/make sounds

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7
Q

what is the treatment for airway

A

triple manoeuvre/adjuncts

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8
Q

what is the triple manoeuvre

A

head tilt, chin life, jaw thrust

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9
Q

what are the causes of breathing problems

A

demand/infection/inflammation

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10
Q

how do you recognise breathing problems

A

rate/look/listen/feel

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11
Q

how do you assess breathing

A

take respiratory rate (normal 12-16) by feeling shoulders
listen for NOTHING

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12
Q

what would a patient gurgling mean

A

that water is in the airway

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13
Q

what kind of airway problem is snoring

A

upper

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14
Q

what kind of problem is wheezing

A

expiratory problem

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15
Q

at what stage of oxygen saturation does a person have peripheral cyanosis

A

84

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16
Q

what is normal oxygen saturation

A

96%

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17
Q

how do you treat breathing problems

A

posture/oxygen/bronchodilators

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18
Q

what are the causes of circulation problems

A

arrhythmia/ACS/HF

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19
Q

at what systolic level does blood pressure change from strong to weak

A

100

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20
Q

when does the pulse disappear at the wrist

A

70

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21
Q

what kind of problem is a tachyarrhythmia

A

conduction problems

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22
Q

how do you check for cardiac problems

A

pulse check

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23
Q

how do you treat cardiac problems

A

elevate legs if hypotension
arrhythmia = ambulance

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24
Q

what is the cause of disability

A

drugs/brain injury/hypoglycaemia

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25
how do you judge disability
ACVPU/GCS
26
what does ACVPU stand for
alert new confusion verbal response pressure response unresponsive
27
how do you score a 3 on GCS
if you have positive CVPU
28
what happens if you score a 3 on GCS
need to be seen by medic in an hour
29
how do you treatment disability
optimise ABC
30
how do you check for exposure
look for clinically relevant information and reassess
31
what are the medical emergencies seen in dental practices
anaphylaxis angina/MI asthma cardiac arrest choking hypoglycaemia seizure/fits syncope
32
when would you use oxygen
on anyone you think is sick/has one of the medical emergencies
33
how much volume does the oxygen cannisters hold
15L per min
34
how long do the oxygen cannisters last
30mins
35
what kind of mask is used for oxygen
non-breathing mask
36
what would ABCDE look like for someone with anaphylaxis
A - swelling/stridor B - increased resp rate, wheeze C - increased heart rate, hypotension D - loss of consciousness E - rash, swelling
37
when would it be appropriate to give adrenaline?
A - swelling B - peripheral cyanosis C - absence of radial pulse
38
how would you position an anaphylactic patient
lying down with legs in air
39
where do you administer adrenaline
into the thigh
40
what treatment do you give for anaphylaxis
adrenaline 1:1000 0.5mg intramuscular injection
41
how do you administer adrenaline
pull muscle to side, go straight through skin into muscle, aspirate, inject into muscle, come halfway out, let go of skin and then pull out all the way
41
how do you administer adrenaline
pull muscle to side, go straight through skin into muscle, aspirate, inject into muscle, come halfway out, let go of skin and then pull out all the way
42
what does adrenaline do
allow vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and increased myocardial contractility
43
what are the side effects of adrenaline
anxiety, arrhythmias, hypertension
44
what does the ABCDE look like for angina/MI
A - talking B - increased respiratory rate C - increased heart rate D - alert E - pale, clammy, central chest pain
45
what happens in an MI
vasoconstriction, blockage, clot formation
46
how do you treat angina
GTN spray 400mcg per dose, 2 puffs sublingually
47
what is the effect of GTN spray
vasodilation
48
what are the side effects of GTN spray
hypotension headaches
49
how do you treat MI
aspirin 300mg crushed or chewed
50
what is the effect of aspirin
antiplatelet, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic
51
what are the side effects of aspirin
GI bleeding, ulcers
52
why should patients not drink water for at least 10mins after taking aspirin
it filters it into the stomach so it is not absorbed in the same way
53
what is the ABCDE for mild/moderate asthma
A - complete sentence B - normal resp. rate C - normal heart rate D - alert E - slight tightness in chest
54
how do you treat mild/moderate asthma
2 puffs of salbutamol
55
what is the ABCDE for severe/acute asthma
A - difficulty in sentences B - increased respiratory rate 25 per min C - increased heart rate 120bpm D - alert E - tripod position
56
how do you treat severe/acute asthma
use spacer 10 puffs of salbutamol breath for no longer than 20 seconds
57
what is the ABCDE for life threatening asthma
A - compromised D - decrease in respiratory rate 8 per min C - decrease in heart rate 50bpm D - unresponsive E - blue tinge to lips
58
what is the salbutamol inhaler dose
100mcg
59
what is the effect of salbutamol
bronchodilator
60
what are the side effects of salbutamol
headaches, anxiety, nervous, dry mouth
61
what is the ABCDE for hypoglycaemia
A - initially talking B - initially increased rate C - initially increased rate D - initially alert E - irritable, confused, pale
62
what is the treatment for hypoglycaemia
glucose glucagon if unresponsive
63
what is the dose of glucagon
1mg intramuscular injection
64
what is the action of glucagon
glycogenolysis - release glucose stored in liver
65
what are the side effects of glucagon
nausea and headaches
66
what is the ABCDE for seizures/fits
A - compromised B - ? C - ? D - unresponsive E - seizure activity, incontinence
67
what is the treatment for seizures
time it if more than 5 mins - buccal midazolam
68
what is the midazolam dose for seizure
10milligrams via buccal mucosa
69
what does midazolam do
allow muscle relaxation sedation slows down nerve signals to brain
70
what are the side effects of midazolam
hypotension, respiratory depression, disinhibition
71
what is syncope
fainting
72
what is the ABCDE for syncope
A - compromised B - reduce rate C - reduced rate and pressure D - unresponsive E - pale, clammy
73
what is the treatment for syncope
elevate legs, allow time to recover and dont rush
74
how do you know if it is not syncope
loss of consciousness and not recovering quickly

Patient Safety BDS3 (7 decks)

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