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Patient Safety BDS3 > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

what is used for assessment

A

abcde

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2
Q

what does ABCDE stand for

A

airway
breathing
circulation
disability
exposure

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3
Q

what do you do once you have reached the end of ABCDE

A

go over it again and see if they have improved/gotten worse/stabilised

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4
Q

what are the principles of assessment

A

work from A to E
continually reassess
fix as you go

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5
Q

what are the causes of airway obstruction

A

loss of consciousness
infection/inflammation/swelling
snoring

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6
Q

how do you assess the airway

A

if they can talk/make sounds

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7
Q

what is the treatment for airway

A

triple manoeuvre/adjuncts

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8
Q

what is the triple manoeuvre

A

head tilt, chin life, jaw thrust

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9
Q

what are the causes of breathing problems

A

demand/infection/inflammation

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10
Q

how do you recognise breathing problems

A

rate/look/listen/feel

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11
Q

how do you assess breathing

A

take respiratory rate (normal 12-16) by feeling shoulders
listen for NOTHING

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12
Q

what would a patient gurgling mean

A

that water is in the airway

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13
Q

what kind of airway problem is snoring

A

upper

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14
Q

what kind of problem is wheezing

A

expiratory problem

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15
Q

at what stage of oxygen saturation does a person have peripheral cyanosis

A

84

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16
Q

what is normal oxygen saturation

A

96%

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17
Q

how do you treat breathing problems

A

posture/oxygen/bronchodilators

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18
Q

what are the causes of circulation problems

A

arrhythmia/ACS/HF

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19
Q

at what systolic level does blood pressure change from strong to weak

A

100

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20
Q

when does the pulse disappear at the wrist

A

70

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21
Q

what kind of problem is a tachyarrhythmia

A

conduction problems

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22
Q

how do you check for cardiac problems

A

pulse check

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23
Q

how do you treat cardiac problems

A

elevate legs if hypotension
arrhythmia = ambulance

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24
Q

what is the cause of disability

A

drugs/brain injury/hypoglycaemia

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25
Q

how do you judge disability

A

ACVPU/GCS

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26
Q

what does ACVPU stand for

A

alert
new confusion
verbal response
pressure response
unresponsive

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27
Q

how do you score a 3 on GCS

A

if you have positive CVPU

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28
Q

what happens if you score a 3 on GCS

A

need to be seen by medic in an hour

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29
Q

how do you treatment disability

A

optimise ABC

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30
Q

how do you check for exposure

A

look for clinically relevant information and reassess

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31
Q

what are the medical emergencies seen in dental practices

A

anaphylaxis
angina/MI
asthma
cardiac arrest
choking
hypoglycaemia
seizure/fits
syncope

32
Q

when would you use oxygen

A

on anyone you think is sick/has one of the medical emergencies

33
Q

how much volume does the oxygen cannisters hold

A

15L per min

34
Q

how long do the oxygen cannisters last

A

30mins

35
Q

what kind of mask is used for oxygen

A

non-breathing mask

36
Q

what would ABCDE look like for someone with anaphylaxis

A

A - swelling/stridor
B - increased resp rate, wheeze
C - increased heart rate, hypotension
D - loss of consciousness
E - rash, swelling

37
Q

when would it be appropriate to give adrenaline?

A

A - swelling
B - peripheral cyanosis
C - absence of radial pulse

38
Q

how would you position an anaphylactic patient

A

lying down with legs in air

39
Q

where do you administer adrenaline

A

into the thigh

40
Q

what treatment do you give for anaphylaxis

A

adrenaline 1:1000 0.5mg
intramuscular injection

41
Q

how do you administer adrenaline

A

pull muscle to side, go straight through skin into muscle, aspirate, inject into muscle, come halfway out, let go of skin and then pull out all the way

41
Q

how do you administer adrenaline

A

pull muscle to side, go straight through skin into muscle, aspirate, inject into muscle, come halfway out, let go of skin and then pull out all the way

42
Q

what does adrenaline do

A

allow vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and increased myocardial contractility

43
Q

what are the side effects of adrenaline

A

anxiety, arrhythmias, hypertension

44
Q

what does the ABCDE look like for angina/MI

A

A - talking
B - increased respiratory rate
C - increased heart rate
D - alert
E - pale, clammy, central chest pain

45
Q

what happens in an MI

A

vasoconstriction, blockage, clot formation

46
Q

how do you treat angina

A

GTN spray 400mcg per dose, 2 puffs sublingually

47
Q

what is the effect of GTN spray

A

vasodilation

48
Q

what are the side effects of GTN spray

A

hypotension
headaches

49
Q

how do you treat MI

A

aspirin 300mg crushed or chewed

50
Q

what is the effect of aspirin

A

antiplatelet, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic

51
Q

what are the side effects of aspirin

A

GI bleeding, ulcers

52
Q

why should patients not drink water for at least 10mins after taking aspirin

A

it filters it into the stomach so it is not absorbed in the same way

53
Q

what is the ABCDE for mild/moderate asthma

A

A - complete sentence
B - normal resp. rate
C - normal heart rate
D - alert
E - slight tightness in chest

54
Q

how do you treat mild/moderate asthma

A

2 puffs of salbutamol

55
Q

what is the ABCDE for severe/acute asthma

A

A - difficulty in sentences
B - increased respiratory rate 25 per min
C - increased heart rate 120bpm
D - alert
E - tripod position

56
Q

how do you treat severe/acute asthma

A

use spacer
10 puffs of salbutamol
breath for no longer than 20 seconds

57
Q

what is the ABCDE for life threatening asthma

A

A - compromised
D - decrease in respiratory rate 8 per min
C - decrease in heart rate 50bpm
D - unresponsive
E - blue tinge to lips

58
Q

what is the salbutamol inhaler dose

A

100mcg

59
Q

what is the effect of salbutamol

A

bronchodilator

60
Q

what are the side effects of salbutamol

A

headaches, anxiety, nervous, dry mouth

61
Q

what is the ABCDE for hypoglycaemia

A

A - initially talking
B - initially increased rate
C - initially increased rate
D - initially alert
E - irritable, confused, pale

62
Q

what is the treatment for hypoglycaemia

A

glucose
glucagon if unresponsive

63
Q

what is the dose of glucagon

A

1mg intramuscular injection

64
Q

what is the action of glucagon

A

glycogenolysis - release glucose stored in liver

65
Q

what are the side effects of glucagon

A

nausea and headaches

66
Q

what is the ABCDE for seizures/fits

A

A - compromised
B - ?
C - ?
D - unresponsive
E - seizure activity, incontinence

67
Q

what is the treatment for seizures

A

time it
if more than 5 mins - buccal midazolam

68
Q

what is the midazolam dose for seizure

A

10milligrams via buccal mucosa

69
Q

what does midazolam do

A

allow muscle relaxation
sedation
slows down nerve signals to brain

70
Q

what are the side effects of midazolam

A

hypotension, respiratory depression, disinhibition

71
Q

what is syncope

A

fainting

72
Q

what is the ABCDE for syncope

A

A - compromised
B - reduce rate
C - reduced rate and pressure
D - unresponsive
E - pale, clammy

73
Q

what is the treatment for syncope

A

elevate legs, allow time to recover and dont rush

74
Q

how do you know if it is not syncope

A

loss of consciousness and not recovering quickly

Patient Safety BDS3 (7 decks)

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