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Clinical Skills > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Order of Assessment

A

Order of assessment:

D - danger

R - responsiveness

(C - catastrophic haemorrhage - only in trauma patients)

A - airway

B - breathing

C - circulation

D - disability

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2
Q

Priorities

A
  • Treat the greatest threat to life first
  • Airway or catastrophic haemorrhage
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Disability
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3
Q

Danger

A

Do not make situation worse or hurt yourself; think before you act

  • Traffic
  • Sharp objects
  • Electricity
  • Posions
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4
Q

How to assess responsiveness?

A

Assess responsiveness by:

  • talking to the casualty
  • May have to speak loudly
  • Touching/ shaking the person if needed

Simple 10 sec assessment:

  • Identify yourself
  • Ask the casualty their name
  • Ask them what happened
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5
Q

What does it mean if a patient is responsive?

A
  • Airway is patent
  • Sufficient air reserve to permit speech
  • There is sufficient perfusion to permit cerebration
  • There is a clear sensorium
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5
Q

What does it mean if a patient is responsive?

A
  • Airway is patent
  • Sufficient air reserve to permit speech
  • There is sufficient perfusion to permit cerebration
  • There is a clear sensorium
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6
Q

What to do if patient does not respond

A

If there is no response proceed with rapid ABCD

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7
Q

What do to if patient responds?

A

ABCD assessment or focused problem approach

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8
Q

How to maintain airway?

A
  • Head tilt
  • Chin lift
  • Jaw thrust
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9
Q

What are the ways an airway can be constructed?

A
  • Clear
  • Partially obstructed
  • Completely obstructed
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10
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

12 to 16 breaths per minute

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11
Q

What to do if patient is breathing?

A
  • ask any problems with breathing
  • assess respiratory rate
  • look for unequal movement of the chest or obvious injuries on one side
  • listen for sounds such as wheezing
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12
Q

What to do if patient is not breathing?

A
  • With airway held open you look
    • decide whether the casualty is breathing - 10 seconds for this
  • If not then this is a cardiorespiratory arrest
  • If breathing ask - breathing adequately by assessing rate, movement and presence of abnormal sounds
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13
Q

How to assess circulation?

A
  • Look for signs of circulation
  • Fell pulse
  • Look for signs of injury that may result in blood loss
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14
Q

What do to when identifying

A

Call for help whenever you identify a circulation issue

Encourage patient to lie down

Direct pressure on obvious bleeding

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15
Q

What do to when identifying circulation issue?

A

Call for help whenever you identify a circulation issue

Encourage patient to lie down

Direct pressure on obvious bleeding

16
Q

Disability assessment

A
  • Generally consider conscious level at this time
  • May take this time to assess other issues such as fractures if the patient is clearly conscious and doesn’t have ABC problems
17
Q

Causes of altered conciousness

A
  • Inadequate oxygen supply to brain
  • Drugs
  • Trauma
  • Cerebrovascular accident
18
Q

Infection control

A
  • Wash hands/wear gloved
  • Cover own wounds
  • Mask/face shield
19
Q

Choking

A

Hit them firmly on their back between shoulder blades o dislodge the object - 5 times

If that does not work - stand behind them, join hands around their tummy and form a first. Pull your hands inwards and upwards. 5 times.

Do NOT do on child <1.

20
Q

Stroke

A

F - facial wakeness

A - arm weakness

S - speech problems

T - time to call 999

21
Q

Recovery position

A

Place nearest arm at right angle.

Put the back of other hand next to the cheek closest to you and hold it there.

Bend the far knee, grasp the far leg and roll them onto their side.

Open airway.

22
Q

Anaphylaxis

A
  • Rash, itchiness, swelling
  • Slow breathing
  • 999
  • Known allergy use auto-injector
  • Constant reassurance until help arrives
23
Q

Cardiac arrest with AED

A
  • Check for breathing by tilting head
  • Look and feel for breaths
  • Call 999
  • 30 chest compressions (100 - 120 compressions per min)
  • 2 rescue breaths
  • Get AED ASAP
  • Open AED and follow voice prompts
24
Q

Road traffic collision

A
  1. Safety
  2. Make safe and brief assessment
  3. Call for help - SBARD
  4. Asses and treat casualties

Clinical Skills (6 decks)

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