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DG1002 - FOUNDATION CK > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 signs and symptoms of fainting (vaso-vagal syncope)?

A
  • dizziness
  • nausea
  • pale, cold, clammy skin
  • rapid pulse followed by slow, thready pulse
  • possible muscle twitching
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2
Q

How is fainting managed?

A
  • ABCDE
  • lie flat, elevate legs and loosen tight clothing, oxygen? (usually not necessary)
  • once conscious, glucose or sugary drink
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3
Q

What are 4 predisposing factors of fainting?

A
  • anxiety
  • pain
  • fasting
  • fatigue
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4
Q

What are 5 signs and symptoms of hyperventilation (panic attack)?

A
  • rapid, shallow breathing
  • dizziness
  • shaking
  • tachycardia
  • muscle/chest pain
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5
Q

What are 2 predisposing factors of hyperventilation?

A
  • anxiety
  • pain
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6
Q

What are 5 signs and symptoms of an epileptic seizure?

A
  • sudden loss of consciousness
  • preceding aura
  • rigid appearance
  • generalised jerking
  • incontinence
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7
Q

What are 4 predisposing factors of an epileptic seizure?

A
  • hunger
  • flickering flights
  • stress
  • drugs
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8
Q

How is an epileptic seizure managed?

A
  • ABCDE
  • oxygen 15 litres/min
  • note timing of seizure
  • once jerking movements ease, recovery position
    IF LASTING LONGER THAN 5 MINS
  • midazolam buccal 10mg for adults (from age 10)
  • midazolam buccal 5mg 1-4 years
  • midazolam buccal 7.5mg 5-9 years
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9
Q

What are 5 signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

A
  • shaking/trembling
  • slurred speech
  • sweating and pallor
  • lethargy
  • confusion/aggression
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10
Q

What are 3 predisposing factors of hypoglycaemia?

A
  • missed meal
  • excess insulin
  • increased calorific need resulting from exercise or stress
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11
Q

How is hypoglycaemia managed?

A
  • ABCDE
  • 1.5-2 tubes of glucogel
  • record blood sugar to confirm diagnosis
  • glucagon 1mg IM adults
  • glucagon 0.5mg IM under 8
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12
Q

What are 3 signs and symptoms of acute asthma?

A
  • tight chest
  • shortness of breath
  • expiratory wheezing
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13
Q

What are 4 predisposing factors of acute asthma?

A
  • anxiety
  • allergy
  • infection (cold)
  • exercise
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14
Q

How is acute asthma managed?

A
  • ABCDE
  • sit upright
  • 2 puffs (100 micrograms) salbutamol inhaler (use of spacer)
  • if no response, call 999 and whilst waiting oxygen 15l/min
  • give another puff every 60 secs up to a maximum of 10
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15
Q

What are 8 signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A
  • facial flushing
  • itching
  • facial swelling
  • cold, clammy skin
  • nausea
  • wheezing
  • numbness
  • feeling of faintness
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16
Q

How is anaphylactic shock managed?

A
  • ABCDE
  • call 999
  • lie flat, elevate legs
  • oxygen 15 litrs/min
  • give adrenaline IM (500 micrograms - 0.5mls 1:1000)
  • repeat adrenaline at 5 min intervals until adequate response
17
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of acute chest pain?

A
  • angina
  • heart attack
18
Q

What are 3 predisposing factors of acute chest pain?

A
  • stress
  • emotion or excitement
  • exercise
19
Q

What are 5 signs and symptoms of acute chest pain?

A
  • severe crushing pain which may radiate to arms, neck, jaw, abdomen
  • sweating
  • vomiting
  • breathlessness
  • pallor, ‘grey with pain’
20
Q

What is the management for angina?

A

-sit down, rest
- GTN (1-2 sublingually)
- no relief after a few mins, repeat GTN
- still no relief - heart attack protocol

21
Q

What is the management for heart attack?

A
  • ABCDE
  • call 999
  • comfortable positioning
  • GTN spray 400-800mcg (typically 1-2 activations sublingually)
  • dispersible aspirin 300mg to chew
22
Q

What are 4 signs and symptoms of a stroke?

A
  • loss of consciousness
  • unilateral weakness
  • difficulty with speech
  • drooping of one side of face
23
Q

What is a predisposing factor of a stroke?

A
  • hypertension
24
Q

What is the management for a stroke?
F - facial weakness
A - arm weakness
S - speech problems
T - time to call 999

A
  • ABCDE
  • act FAST and call 999
  • oxygen 15 litres/min
  • nil by mouth
25
Q

What do DRABC stand for in relation to assessing a collapsed patient?

A

D - danger
R - response
A - airway
B - breathing
C - circulation

26
Q

When assessing a patient, what does AVPU stand for?

A

alert
voice
pain
unresponsive

27
Q

What is the procedure when assessing a patient?

A
  • assess for danger
  • see if patient is responsive
  • shout for help
  • note time of collapse
  • check ABC
28
Q

What is the procedure for CPR?

A
  • 30 chest compressions 100-120 per minute, 5-6cm deep
  • 2 breaths (1 second duration per breath)
  • continue until help arrives
29
Q

What is the procedure for CPR for a child?

A
  • 5 rescue breaths (1 second duration per breath)
  • 15 chest compressions with one hand
  • 2 rescue breaths
  • 15 chest compressions with one hand
    (4cm for an infant, 5cm for a child)
30
Q

What is the treatment for inhaled foreign body and airway obstruction?

A
  • bend patient forward to aid coughing (upper airway)
  • support chest with one hand and strike the back between the scapulae with the heal of the hand
  • repeat 5 times
  • abdominal thrusts
31
Q

What is the procedure for abdominal thrusts?

A
  • encircle patient with arms from behind
  • grasp a fisted hand in your other hand
  • give sharp squeeze upward and inward into diaphragm to create expulsion of air
  • repeat 5 times
  • call for ambulance
32
Q

What is the treatment for inhaled foreign body and airway obstruction for a child?

A
  • 5 back blows
  • 5 thrusts
    (chest for infant)
    (abdominal for child > 1 year)
33
Q

Within what time of collapse should defibrillation be attempted?

A

within 3 minutes

34
Q

What is the duration for delivering a rescue breath for both adult and child?

A

1 second

35
Q

What are 6 signs and symptoms of adrenal crisis?

A
  • vomiting and diarrhoea
  • hypotension
  • dizziness
  • collapse
  • pallor
  • cold, clammy skin
36
Q

What is the management for an adrenal crisis?

A
  • lie flat
  • oxygen 15l/min
  • hydrocortisone 100mg IM

DG1002 - FOUNDATION CK (11 decks)

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