Medical Diagnosis/Conditions (PSW)

Question 1

Autism (PDD or ASD)

Answer 1

Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Characterized, in varying degrees, each child on the spectrum at a diff place, two never the same, by challenges related to:
• Communication
• Social Interaction
• Restrictive or repetitive behaviors and interests.
* Is a neurological/biological disorder.
* Not a psychological or emotional.

Echolalia - Repeating a word when does not comprehend, sign of ASD when repetition continues after toddler years - gets me off the hook for coming up with a reply.

Characterized into four fundamental areas:

1) sensory processing/perception challenges, (Most Crucial)
2) Speech/language delays /impairments
3) Elusive social interaction skills
4) Whole child/self esteem issues.

Question 2

Aphasia

Answer 2

Partial or total loss of
speech and language skills
caused by brain injury.

Causes - Stroke, Head Injury, Brain Tumors.

Receptive aphasia
Expressive aphasia
Both expressive and receptive aphasia

Question 3

Receptive Aphasia

Answer 3

Difficulty understanding language, spoken and written
Difficulty understanding what is said or read.
Cannot understand own words.
Speech muddled/mixed up.
Clients make up or use wrong words.
Client NOT AWARE of their mistakes.

Question 4

Expressive Aphasia

Answer 4

Difficulty speaking and writing
CAN understand spoken and written words
Speech is jumbled, slurred so difficult to understand
Think one thing but say another.
Leave out connecting words.
Cannot think of the right word or put the right sounds together form words/sentences
AWARE of mistakes, CAN understand spoken & Written

Question 5

Expressive–Receptive Aphasia

Answer 5

Difficulty speaking and understanding language
Some clients can only say “yes,” or “no” and make sounds such as “da da”
May have LOST ALL SPEECH, LANGUAGE SKILLS.

Question 6

Apraxia (Praxia=move)

Answer 6

Cannot correctly use SPEECH MUSCLES for understandable speech.
CAN UNDERSTAND speech and knows what to say.
BRAIN CANNOT coordinate SPEECH MUSCLES for lip, jaw, or tongue movements.
BRAIN DAMAGE to the MOTOR SPEECH area.

Difficult to put words in the right order or find words

Question 7

Dysarthria (dys=difficult, arthria=clearly)

Answer 7

Difficulty SPEAKING CLEARLY
Cause WEAKNESS/PARLYSIS MUSCLES used in speech

Slurred speech, flat, harsh or nasal tones, Problems forming words, spacing their words
Speech errors consistent and predictable

Cerebral palsy/Multiple sclerosis/Stroke/Head injury/Tumor/ Infection

Question 8

ARMD or AMD - Age related macula degeneration

Answer 8

Degeneration of the macula (light sensitive part of retina) at the centre of retina.
Gradually destroys sharp, central vision, may have peripheral vision.

Wet AMD = Blood vessels behind retina leak blood
Dry AMD = Light sensitive cells of macular breakdown
Blurred spot in centre, central vision lost, usually both eyes

Question 9

Cataract

Conjunctivitis (Pink eye)

Answer 9

Clouding of the eye lens

Inflammation of clear membrane covering white part of eye & lines inner eyelid.

Question 10

Glaucoma

Answer 10

Eye disease causing pressure in eye damaging optic nerve.
Tunnel Vision=Peripheral vision lost, ending sight straight ahead.
Blue–green halos around lights

Question 11

Meniere’s Disease

Tinnitus

Otitis Media

Answer 11

Increase of fluid in inner ear, Pressure in middle ear
Vertigo (Dizziness), Tinnitus, Hearing loss
Affects hearing & balance, Usually one ear affected

Ringing in the ear

Infection middle ear (Viruses/Bacteria, Acute/Chronic)
Blockage of Eustachian tube (Fresh air/Drain fluids)

Chronic Otitis media=Damage of eardrum, of ear bones (ossicles) conduct sound, Permanent hearing loss)

Question 12

Otosclerosis

Answer 12

Abnormal formation new bone (sclero) in middle ear
Immobilized stapes (stirrup bone) preventing to vibrate response to sound.

Herriditory, hearing loss, Tinnitus

Question 13

Presbycusis

Presbyopia

Temporary hearing loss

Answer 13

Gradual hearing (cusis) loss,  with aging (Presby) 
>50 years ,no cure,  help hearing aids, speech reading

Gradual inability to focus (opia), with aging (Presby)

Blockage ear canal with cerumen (ear wax)
Gradual loss hearing & balance

Question 14

Retinal detachment

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 14

Separation of retina from supporting tissue.
Vitreous gel-like contents eyeball) thickens, & shrinkage tugs on retina, retina tears.

Symptoms=flashing lights corners, floaters

Disease (pathy) caused by diabetes blood vessels in the retina are damaged.
New blood vessels grow over retina. Blood can leak creating scar tissue that pulls the retina away from the back of the eye.
Usually both eyes.

Question 15

Vertigo

Answer 15

Dizziness (Meniere Disease)

Question 16

Apnea

SOBOE

Bradypnea

Respiratory depression

Tachypnea

Eupnea

Respiratory arrest

Orthopnea

Orthopneic position

Intubation

Tracheostomy

Answer 16

absence of breathing
( A = Lack of/Absence, Pnea = Breathing)

Shortness of breath on exertion

Slow (Brady) breathing (Pnea)

Slow, weak respirations not deep enough to being air into lungs, less than 12/minute

Rapid (Tachy) breathing (Pnea)

Normal breathing

Stoppage of breathing

Ability to breath (Pnea) only when sitting or standing (ortho). SOB in the supine position (on the back) or lying flat.

Sitting up (ortho) leaning over table to breathe

Process of inserting artificial airway

Opening through neck into the trachea

Question 17

Cheyne-Stokes

Kussmaul respirations

Hyperventilation

Hypoventilation

Answer 17

Respirations gradually increase in rate & depth, then shallow & slow, later apnea for 10-20 secs

Deep, rapid respirations, diabetic acidosis

Deep & rapid than normal

Respirations slow, shallow & irregular

Question 18

Cyanosis

Hemoptysis

Hypoxia

Angina Pectoris

Answer 18

Bluish color in skin, lips mucous membranes, nail beds caused by lac of oxygenated blood in visible tissue.

Bloody (hemo) Sputum (ptysis = to spit)

Deficiency (Hypo) of O2 in cells (oxia)

Pectoris (Chest) , Angina (Pain)