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Phase 2a - Definitions > Medical Definitions > Flashcards

Medical Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define iatrogenic.

A

Conditions that inadvertently arise form medical treatment.

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2
Q

Define ectopic.

A

In an abnormal place or position.

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3
Q

Define ablation.

A

Removal of tissue.

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4
Q

Define autoantibody.

A

Antibody produced by immune system against host tissue.

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5
Q

Define autoantigen.

A

Normal protein recognised by autoantibodies.

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6
Q

Define lethargy.

A

Physiological state of tiredness.

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7
Q

Define paraesthesia.

A

Abnormal skin sensation.

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8
Q

Define anosmia.

A

Loss of smell sense.

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9
Q

Define osmolality.

A

Solute concentration per kilogram.

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10
Q

Define osmolarity.

A

Solute concentration per litre.

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11
Q

Define osmolar gap.

A

Difference between measured and calculated osmolality.

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12
Q

Define appetite.

A

Desire to eat.

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13
Q

Define anorexia.

A

Absence of appetite.

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14
Q

Define hyperphagia.

A

Abnormal increase in appetite.

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15
Q

Define hunger.

A

Need to eat.

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16
Q

Define satiety.

A

Disappearance of appetite - feeling of fullness.

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17
Q

Define cyst.

A

Sac-like structure filled with gas, fluid and/or semi-solid material.

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18
Q

Define ulcer.

A

A lesion due to necrosis leading to erosion of skin or mucous membrane.

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19
Q

Define narrow therapeutic range.

A

The dose range that optimises efficacy whilst minimises toxicity.

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20
Q

Define differential diagnosis.

A

Differentiating between two or more conditions with similar symptoms.

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21
Q

Define diagnosis of exclusion.

A

Diagnosis reached by the process of elimination.

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22
Q

Define dyspnoea.

A

Shortness of breath.

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23
Q

Define palpitations.

A

Noticeable rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeats.

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24
Q

Define syncope.

A

Temporary loss of consciousness.

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25
Q

Define onycholysis.

A

Detachment of nail from nail bed.

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26
Q

Define exophthalmos.

A

Eyes bulging out of the orbit.

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27
Q

Define plethoric.

A

Red faced.

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28
Q

Define hirsutism.

A

Excessive hair growth where hair is usually absent or minimal.

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29
Q

Define laparoscopy.

A

Surgical procedure that allows access to inside of abdomen without large skin incisions.

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30
Q

Define fatigue.

A

Subjective feeling of tiredness.

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31
Q

Define tetany.

A

Intermittent muscular spasms.

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32
Q

Define carcinoid.

A

Neuroendocrine tumour.

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33
Q

Define pericardial effusion

A

Fluid accumalation in pericardial cavity.

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33
Q

Define cardiac tamponade.

A

Syndrome caused by fluid accumulation in pericardial space.

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34
Q

Define pleuritic chest pain.

A

Sudden and intense chest pain when inhaling and exhaling. Exacerbated by deep breathing, coughing, sneezing or laughing

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35
Q

Define Kussmaul’s sign.

A

Paradoxical JVP, rises with inspiration, falls with expiration.

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36
Q

Define failure to thrive.

A

Paediatric term for insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weight loss.

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37
Q

Define bruits.

A

Vascular murmur, abnormal sound generated by turbulent blood flow.

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38
Q

Define haemoptysis.

A

Coughing up blood.

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39
Q

Define dysphagia.

A

Difficulty in swallowing.

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40
Q

Define malar flush.

A

Plum-red discolouration of cheeks.

41
Q

Define percutaneous.

A

Through the skin.

42
Q

Define orthopnoea.

A

Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) when lying flat.

43
Q

Define paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.

A

Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) and coughing awakening patient from sleep.

44
Q

Define wide pulse pressure.

A

A large difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

45
Q

Define collapsing pulse.

A

A forceful pulse that rapidly increases and subsequently falls.

46
Q

Define pulsus tardus.

A

A late pulse.

47
Q

Define pulsus parvus.

A

A weak pulse.

48
Q

Define Roth’s spots.

A

Retinal haemorrhages with pale centers.

49
Q

Define Osler’s nodes.

A

Tender lesions found on fingers and toes.

50
Q

Define Janeway lesions.

A

Non-tender lesions found on palms and soles.

51
Q

Define splinter haemorrhages.

A

Haemorrhages of blood vessels that run vertically under nails.

52
Q

Define vasculitis.

A

Inflammation of blood vessels.

53
Q

Define hypovolaemia.

A

Decreased blood plasma volume.

54
Q

Define GCS.

A

Glasgow Coma Scale. A neurological scale that assesses a patients consciousness.

55
Q

Define pallor.

A

Unhealthy pale skin.

56
Q

Define tachypnoea.

A

High respiratory rate.

57
Q

Define stenosis.

A

Narrowing of a passage, e.g. blood vessel.

58
Q

Define claudication.

A

Cramping pain in leg induced by exercise.

59
Q

Define prodormal stage.

A

Period between onset of early signs and symptoms and onset of diagnostic signs and symptoms.

60
Q

Define Dupuytren’s contracture.

A

Permanently flexed finger/s.

61
Q

Define fetor hepaticus.

A

Extreme bad breath, a sign of end-stage liver failure.

62
Q

Define asterixis.

A

Liver flap, hand tremor when wrist is extended.

63
Q

Define dyspraxia.

A

Difficulties in co-ordination.

64
Q

Define cholelithiasis.

A

Presence of gallstone in gallbladder.

65
Q

Define Murphy’s sign.

A

Pain on taking a deep breath when examiner places two fingers on right upper quadrant.

66
Q

Define empyema.

A

Collection of pus within pleural cavity.

67
Q

Define gangrene.

A

Necrosis due to ischaemia.

68
Q

Define choledocholithiasis.

A

Presence of gallstone in common bile duct.

69
Q

Define Grey Turner’s sign.

A

Flank bruising.

70
Q

Define Cullen’s sign.

A

Periumbilical bruising.

71
Q

Define DIC.

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation, formation of blood clots throughout the body.

72
Q

Define SIRS.

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, inflammatory state of the whole body.

73
Q

Define pseudocyst.

A

Fluid-filled cavity resembling a cyst but lacking a wall or lining.

74
Q

Define steatorrhea.

A

Stinking fatty stool.

75
Q

Define hepatic steatosis.

A

Fatty liver.

76
Q

Define leukonychia.

A

White/white spots on nails.

77
Q

Define Terry’s nails.

A

Ground glass white nails.

78
Q

Define clubbing.

A

Enlargement of fingertips with nails curving around.

79
Q

Define spider angioma.

A

Enlarged blood vessels near the skin surface that contain a red spot with radiating reddish extensions.

80
Q

Define congestive splenomegaly.

A

Enlargement of spleen due to portal hypertension.

81
Q

Define shistososmiasis.

A

Disease caused by flatworms called schistosomes.

82
Q

Define sarcoidosis.

A

Formation of granulomas due to abnormal collections of inflammatory cells.

83
Q

Define haematemesis.

A

Blood in vomit.

84
Q

Define fulminant hepatitis

A

Acute liver failure.

85
Q

Define Kayser-Fleischer rings.

A

Dark rings that surround the iris due to copper deposition.

86
Q

Define hernia.

A

Abnormal protrusion of an organ through its cavity wall.

87
Q

Define rigors.

A

Feeling of coldness during a fever.

88
Q

Define pruritus.

A

Severe itchy skin.

89
Q

Define rigors.

A

Feeling of coldness during a fever.

90
Q

Define pruritus.

A

Severe itchy skin.

91
Q

Define endoscopic banding.

A

Rubber bands used to treat haemorrhaging varices without surgery.

92
Q

Define transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

A

Artificial passage created from hepatic portal vein to portal vein to treat portal hypertension.

93
Q

Define venesection.

A

Removal of blood, used to treat haemochromatosis.

94
Q

Define dysarthria.

A

Difficulty in speech.

95
Q

Define dysphagia.

A

Difficulty swallowing.

96
Q

Define dyskinesia.

A

Impaired voluntary movements.

97
Q

Define labile emotions.

A

Exaggerated mood changes.

98
Q

Define haemobilia.

A

Bleeding of/into biliary tree

99
Q

Define tumour seeding.

A

Deposition of neoplastic cells to site adjacent from where tumour was removed.

100
Q

Define Kussmaul’s breathing.

A

Deep, laboured breathing.

Phase 2a - Definitions (1 decks)

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