medical conditions

Question 1

angina

Answer 1

reversible narrowing of coronary arteries therefore reduced blood flow to heart
can be stable (pain on exercise) or unstable (spontaneous pain)

Question 2

heart failure - high output vs low output

Answer 2

output of heart cant meet body demands
high - system demands outweigh heart capacity e.g anaemia
low - heart failing as a pump

Question 3

valve disease

Answer 3

either stenosis - narrowing or incompetence

both see poor/ disordered blood flow between heart chambers

Question 4

infective endocarditis

Answer 4

infection of endocardium usually including valves

oral streptococci are main species implicated

Question 5

penia suffix

Answer 5

reduced numbers

Question 6

anaemia

Answer 6

decreased haemoglobin

Question 7

thrombophilia

Answer 7

hypercoagulability

Question 8

inherited bleeding disorders - what is affected ?

e.g haemophilia , von williebrands

Answer 8

affect coagulation ability

Question 9

leaukemia

Answer 9

blood cancer affecting blood and bone marrow

Question 10

lymphoma

Answer 10

blood cancer affecting lymph nodes

hodgkins and non hodgkins

Question 11

emphysema

Answer 11

destruction of alveoli therefore decreased surface area so decreased gas exchange

Question 12

copd

Answer 12

chronic bronchitis (inflammation) and emphysema (destruction of alveoli) together

Question 13

cystic fibrosis

Answer 13

excess sticky mucous affecting body secretions

Question 14

hiatus hernia

Answer 14

portion of stomach passed through diaphragm

risk of acid in oesophagus

Question 15

peptic ulcer disease

Answer 15

painful sores in stomach lining due to excess acid or poor mucosal protective barrier

Question 16

coeliac disease

Answer 16

gluten intolerant

may seee malabsorption due to villius atrophy

Question 17

pernicious anaemia

Answer 17

failure to absorb vit b12

Question 18

crohns

Answer 18

inflammation of GIT

whole tract affected

Question 19

ulcerative collitis

Answer 19

inflammation of lower end of GIT

Question 20

jaundice

Answer 20

accumulation of billirubin in circulation/skin

gives yellow appearance to skin and sclera of eyes

Question 21

liver failure consequences

Answer 21

decreased clotting factors, plasma proteins

no first pass metabolism , haem metabolism and less detoxification

Question 22

hyperthyroidism

Answer 22

increased metabolism

sweaty , moist skin , weight loss , increased blood pressure

Question 23

hypothyroidism

Answer 23

decreased metabolism

dry skin , weight gain , delayed reflexes

Question 24

cushings syndrome

Answer 24

cortisol excess