Medical chemistry

Question 1

How many carbon atoms are in Butyl?

Answer 1

Four.

Question 2

How many carbon atoms are in Ethyl?

Answer 2

Two

Question 3

How many carbon atoms are in Methyl?

Answer 3

One

Question 4

How many carbon atoms are in Propyl?

Answer 4

Three

Question 5

Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl and Butyl are types of which group of chemical?

Answer 5

Alkyls.

Question 6

Which bond defines carbonyl groups?

Answer 6

A carbon-oxygen double bond, C=O.

Question 7

What are the five common types of carbonyls?

Answer 7

Aldehyde, ketone, acid, ester, amide.

Question 8

What’s an aldehyde?

Answer 8

O=CR - A carbon with a double bond to O, a single bond to an R, and a single bond to an H.

Question 9

What’s a ketone?

Answer 9

A carbonyl of the form []C([])=O

Question 10

Are ketones common in drugs?

Answer 10

Yes.

Question 11

What’s a carboxylic acid?

Answer 11

A carbonyl with an R group and an OH. [*]C(OH)=O

Question 12

What’s an ester?

Answer 12

A carbonyl of the form []C(O[])=O.

Question 13

What’s an amide?

Answer 13

A carbonly of the form [*]C(N)=O. The N can be attached to anything, e.g. H2.

Question 14

Why do different functional groups get different names?

Answer 14

To distinguish their very different chemical reactivities.

Question 15

In drugs, is sulphur most commonly seen in five or six membered aromatic rings?

Answer 15

Five-membered.

Question 16

Sulfonamide is one of the most common sulfur molecules in drugs. What is the formula?

Answer 16

[]S(=O)(=O)N([])[*]. The latter two could e.g. be H.

Question 17

Does polarity of a molecule, a chemical property, affect the biological properties of the molecule?

Answer 17

Yes.

Question 18

Which biological properties are affected by polarity?

Answer 18

Water solubility, transportation in the body, and protein interactions.

Question 19

Is water polar?

Answer 19

Yes, very.

Question 20

Do non-polar molecules dissolve well in water?

Answer 20

No, because water is polar. Like dissolves like.

Question 21

Is dis-solvability in water always a good thing?

Answer 21

No.

Question 22

What are the lone bonds in N and O atoms called?

Answer 22

Hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs.)

Question 23

Name two common low-polarity functional groups.

Answer 23

Alkyls and phenyl rings.

Question 24

Does adding halogens or sulfur decrease or increase polarity?

Answer 24

It increases polarity.

Question 25

Does adding N or O increase polarity more, or less, than adding halogens or sulfur?

Answer 25

More.

Question 26

What is a hydrogen bond donor? (HBD)

Answer 26

An N or O with an H attached that can give strong interactions with water and atoms in proteins.

Question 27

Are acids normally deprotonated and thus form anions, carboxylates, at biological PH?

Answer 27

Yes.

Question 28

Are amines normally protonated and thus form cations, at biological PH?

Answer 28

Yes.